Abused Conservative Christian Wives: Treatment Considerations for Practitioners

Through narrative, the authors explore the faith‐based challenges of a physically and emotionally abused Conservative Christian wife to illustrate her ideological assessment of agency in a violent marriage and her concerns about the religious consequences of escape. To offset religious teachings that obstruct the safety and self‐assertion of abused Conservative Christian wives, the authors offer practitioners practical, idiomatic recommendations through which clients can reassess the limitations of common religious schemas, including conceptions of wifely submission, marital permanence, infinite forgiveness, and pious suffering. The religious community's responses to abused wives, particularly those of the clergy, are also discussed.     

Responding to Allegations of Unethical Conduct

Although relatively few professional counselors will be accused during their careers of unethical conduct, all are susceptible to such charges. This article explains the process used by boards in reviewing charges of unethical conduct, gives advice regarding actions that accused counselors might take to protect themselves legally and emotionally, and offers preventive steps that should be taken to avoid such charges.     

Organizational Moral Identity Centrality: Relationships with Citizenship Behaviors and Unethical Prosocial Behaviors

This article examines the influence of both individual and organizational moral identity centrality on prosocial behaviors. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the centrality of these two offer a substitute effect on these behavioral outcomes. Validated measures of organizational moral identity centrality and unethical prosocial behavior are introduced. Data were collected via two separate samples, University Greek Life organization members (n = 499) and restaurant workers (n = 137). Regression results supporting that individuals who claim centrality of moral identity and see their organizations to also embrace the centrality are more likely to engage in citizenship behaviors and less likely to commit unethical prosocial acts. Furthermore, results support that both forms of centrality of moral identity were substitutes in terms of affecting these two outcomes. Research that contributes to understanding how individuals within an organization consciously choose to act on behalf of the organization even when these very actions conflict with generally accepted morals of right and wrong within their society is valuable to academics and practitioners alike. This study contributes to this body of knowledge. Despite extensive attention to topics of ethics and identity, previous studies have largely overlooked the impact of an organizational moral identity. Our results provide a framework for understanding the role of moral identity and the prediction of organizational citizenship and unethical prosocial behaviors.     

Random without replacement is not random: Caveat emptor

The vast majority of psychology labs rely on prepackaged software applications (e.g., E-Prime) for the programming of experiments. These programs are often used for stimulus selection, and many use a selection method referred to as random without replacement. We demonstrate how random without replacement deviates from random selection, and we detail selection biases that result. We also demonstrate, in a simple experiment, how these selection biases, if left unchecked, can influence behavior. Recommendations for reducing the impact of these biases on performance when random without replacement is used are discussed.     

Anecdotes for Practitioners

The purpose of this section is to allow our readers the chance to publish “anecdotes” concerning cases they have dealt with as counseling professionals. Stories about problems that you handled, either successfully or unsuccessfully, news of new programs or procedures, or comments on what is happening in the world of counseling—all are appropriate topics for upcoming issues. If you are or have been involved in something you think is interesting, write it down, and don't worry about the prose—that's our job. Send your material to Katy Bennight, 656 S.W. Fourth Terrace, Florida City, Florida 33034.     

Sex Differences in Competitive and Compliant Unethical Work Behavior

Male and female librarians were compared in terms of their willingness to engage in competitive unethical work behavior and on their willingness to comply with organizational pressures to behave unethically. Men report a greater willingness to engage in each of these behaviors. Results are discussed in terms of sex differences in personality characteristics.     

The Impact of Professional Unethical Beliefs on Cheating Intention

The phenomenon of academic dishonesty among college students is prevalent, but its damage cannot be underestimated because the students' decisions to cheat were related to decisions to engage in similar unethical behavior in the workplace after graduation. To examine the influential factors of the cheating intention among part-time students with several years of work experience, we included an additional variable—unethical beliefs related to the workplace (professional unethical beliefs) into the theory of planned behavior. First-year business students on the job were investigated from a university in northern Taiwan, resulting in a valid sample of 215 students. Our findings indicate that perceived behavioral control toward cheating and professional unethical beliefs have a greater impact on the intention to cheat. In addition, the subjective norm and attitudes also affect the students' cheating intention. Implications for managers and researchers are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.     

GSR amplitude instead of GSR magnitude: Caveat emptor!

Size of GSR made by 300 Ss to 20 repetitions of a visual stimulus is presented as mean magnitude and mean amplitude, illustrating that the amplitude method (averaging only those responses which are greater than zero) is susceptible to distortion resulting from a systematic elimination of Ss who initially make small responses. From trial to trial, the amplitude function comes more and more to be due to the behavior of Ss who initially make large responses. Even though the latter Ss’ responses actually reduce across trials, the amplitude function rises. Magnitude (including zeroes) docs not suffer from this distortion. It is suggested that the definition of a zero response is the source of the problem.     

Partnerships for Independent Practitioners

No abstract available for this article.     

Unpacking the Unethical Gift: Gift Experience and Unethicality Assessment

This research investigates how contextual factors affect unethicality assessment of products. The research is conducted in the context of gifts and compares interpersonal gifts (IGs) and self-gifts (SGs) by examining individuals’ reactions in front of unethical gifts. Five experiments investigate how individuals assess product unethicality differently, depending on the source of the gift, being the Self or a gifter. This research employs attribution theory to explain the differences between IGs and SGs and identify psychological distance as a boundary condition for the effect.     

个体开业医生问题初探

个体开业医生是中国改革开放后的新生事物,为社会主义卫生事业作出了巨大贡献,是卫生队伍的补充,已受到党和国家的高度重视.个体开业医生正面临着前所未有的历史性发展机遇.为了确保他们的可持续发展,提出一系列探讨措施,以促进他们健康发展.     

亲组织非伦理行为的形成机制：一个交互模型的检验

基于亲组织非伦理行为的“亲组织”与“非伦理”双重特征,构建了一个亲组织非伦理行为形成机制的交互模型。实证结果表明,领导成员交换关系和工作不安全感不仅均对亲组织非伦理行为具有直接正向影响,两者对亲组织非伦理行为还存在一定的交互效应。个人-集体主义正向调节工作不安全感与亲组织非伦理行为的关系。     

Counseling: Practices and Practitioners

SRI International, formerly Stanford Research Institute, has been evaluating the impact of employment counseling in the mid 1970s in response to national shifts in organizational emphasis and funding.     

‘Moral Taint’ or Ethical Responsibility? Unethical Information and the Problem of HIV Clinical Trials in Developing Countries

Clinical trials in developing countries are often beset by ethical problems that would be considered unresolvable in countries like Australia and the U.S. Nevertheless, such trials continue to go ahead throughout Asia, Africa and South America, and are often conducted in ways that could be considered to be unethical. In this article I discuss two issues, focussing on an HIV preventative trial of a vaginal gel, the Nonoxynol 9 phase three trial being held in Kenya. The first of these is what makes such a trial unethical given that it has approval from the WHO and seemingly conforms with acceptable standards of consent. The second issue involves using material from such trials, if we accept that they were conducted unethically.