Gender Neutral Names: Don't Be So Sure!

Males and females were asked to rate the gender neutrality of familiar and unfamiliar names in order to identify gender neutral names for training and research purposes. A large group of non-traditional students and a group of practicing managers provided responses to a series of names. Two follow-up studies were also conducted to provide replication and verification. Initially, 26 familiar and 21 unfamiliar names were studied although in the final study that was expanded to include nine more familiar names. The most neutral names identified were Pat, Terry, Chris, and Lee.     

孩子打鼾莫大意

正常情况下,小儿睡眠时不会打鼾。但当小儿患感冒后,鼻腔黏膜充血水肿或鼻涕堵塞了鼻道,都可以出现暂时性打鼾,感冒治愈后打鼾自然停止。如果小儿长期打鼾,则千万不可大意,要及早去医院进行检查。如果是慢性鼻炎引起的鼻塞打鼾,要积极根治鼻炎。如果是“腺样体”肥大所     

不能跟着感觉走!

人类的理性有认识客观世界的愿望,然而人的认识能力尽管是不断发展的.在现实的时空中却是相对地有限的.因而与无限的客观世界形成永远认识不完的矛盾。这样,人类在认识过程中就出现了假说、信仰、迷信等现象。要正确理解和对待这些现象.就必须了解一点认识的起源和发展过程——     

不要听风就是雨

2002年2月20日(正月初九),在民间并没有民风民俗可讲究的.但是黄昏时分柳河镇内却突然响起了阵阵鞭炮声,并且很快变得密集起来.晚上6-8点钟鞭炮声更是响成一片,且家家红烛摇曳,有不少人在十字路口烧纸,代销店里的桃罐头也成了紧俏品.柳河镇内及周围的乡镇鞭炮脱销了,红烛卖光了,镇内不少代销店年前压的货很快就被如潮而至的人们抢购一空,鞭炮批发商成了经销商翘首盼望的财神,人们争相把钱交到店老板手上,焦急地等待取货……直到深夜十一、二点,鞭炮仍不时地在沉寂的夜空中炸响.     

Damien Keown: Buddhism and Bioethics

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics -     

人本主义与生命伦理学

任何社会、任何历史阶段 ,人性论都是医学伦理观建立的基础 ,这应该是毋庸置疑的。我国古代医学伦理观的基础是儒家的性善论 ,西方近代医学伦理观的基础是西方近代人性论 ,现代西方生命伦理学的基础就是现代西方人本主义文化思想。因为任何时代的医学家、伦理学家都是在受一定社会文化环境的影响而成长起来的 ,他们对医德伦理问题的思考或多或少受当时人文文化的熏陶 ,而有其所处时代的文化烙印。正如西方著名文化学学者兰德曼所说 :任何时代、任何人都不可能不受其文化环境的影响 ,“文化如同人体内的血管系统是属于人的一部分 ,而血管里流…     

Bioethics and Christian Theology

The authors of this essay suggest that the field of bioethics and Christian theology have a great deal to offer to each other. The authors first argue that representatives from both fields must first make sure that they fully and correctly represent their respective position. In other words, scientists, ethicists, and theologians alike must make sure that they present their fields and not use their knowledge merely for personal gain at the stake of misguiding people. Once this is established, the authors then proceed to show the intimate relationship between Christianity and medicine that has existed throughout the ages. It is a call for a continuation of such a relationship that the authors suggest between bioethics and theology. Through an integration of bioethics and Christian theology, both scientists/physicians and theologians are able to gain greater insight into the human person—a focus in both fields.     

人的尊严与生命伦理

“尊严”是频繁出现在生命伦理学中的一个概念,但关国学者麦克琳却在最近认为,尊严在生命伦理学中是个无用的概念,可以毫无损失地用其它概念,比如尊重人的自主性概念所代替。反驳了麦克琳的观点,定义了尊严的含义,认为生命伦理学的使命就是在当代生命科技高度发达的情况下如何尊重和保护人的尊严。     

遭遇公共健康的生命伦理学

由于传统的生命伦理学是建基于个人主义的价值观之上,它强调个人权利的优先性,而在公共健康实践中却经常会为了全体人口的健康对个人的自由、隐私等权利进行干预或限制。公共健康对公共善而非个人权利的强调对传统的生命伦理学构成了挑战。公共健康的这一挑战促使生命伦理学向多元化的方向发展。     

Editor's Introduction: Theory and Engagement in Bioethics

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics -     

Special issue: Bioethics & disability

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics -     

The Pastor and Bioethics

This essay presents bioethics or ethics in health care as a challenge to pastors. Common professional struggles are experienced by pastoral and health professionals. Thus, first, we need to consider the meaning of being a professional especially as pastors. Second, pastors might explore at least four specific medical issues: namely physician-assisted death or euthanasia, complementary or alternative treatments, the exercise of consent to medical procedures by patients or parishioners and families, and the crucial need for the donation of vital organs to save lives. Embedded within all four issues, there is a significant religious concern which requires the pastor's expertise.     

Bioethics and sin.

On the basis of a historical reconstruction of the stages through which the Christian notion of sin took shape in Protestantism, the significance of this term for modern bioethics is derived from its opposition to a holiness of God and his creatures, which in turn translates into the secular moral concept of dignity. This dignity imposes obligations to respect and to relationships that are sustained by faithfulness and trust. In being based on the gratuitousness of God's grace, such relationships preclude attempts at instrumentalization, denial of singularity, and subjection to market forces. Accordingly, reproductive cloning as well as exposing medicine to economical considerations can be classified as sinful. The difference between sinful acts and humans' sinful state furthermore permits to address the problems of evil and misfortune in the world, and to acknowledge humans' responsibility for the threats to humanity entailed by those ills. While the Christian faith relies on God's mercy, it also imposes the task of following Christ by fighting against evil and misfortune.