世变与卫道——宋代“造妖书妖言”罪的演变与士大夫的司法应对

《宋刑统》的"造妖书妖言"罪沿袭唐律,规制的内容仅限于危及社稷的言论与书籍。在敕中,自五代始,造妖书妖言罪规制的内容由言论转向民间宗教,扩张为"传习妖教"罪,再变为"吃菜事魔",即由"妖书妖言"演变为"妖教"。士大夫对"妖教"案件的处理可以视为士大夫对社会变迁中儒家价值系统危机的捍卫。     

谈《圣济总录》“符禁门”产生的深层根源

《圣济总录》“符禁门”的出现有其深层根源,唐代巫风及医学教育制度中“书禁科”的遗存,宋代巫医巫技存在的客观现状,巫术特殊的效用及巫术中裹挟医疗内容,即合理的药物、针灸及外治疗法都是其产生的重要根源,长期锢结于人们心中的巫术思维观念,亦不可忽视。     

宋代“箕仙”诗考论

扶箕降仙的巫术表演在中国源远流长,至宋代,娱神色彩淡化,转而强调娱人与实用功能.与前朝相比,宋代扶箕最富于文化色彩的一个特点是箕仙作诗现象的普遍性.在宋代有关扶箕降仙的记载中,所降之仙多为“紫姑”.宋代扶箕巫术的流行与社会巫风盛行、道巫不分的宗教传播、军事力量虚弱等原因有关,而推动箕仙作诗现象的因素包括科举制度发达、文化氛围浓厚、女性受教育程度高等,具有鲜明的宋代社会特征.箕仙诗的价值也非仅止于文人逞才抒情和博妇孺一笑的娱乐功能,而是在一定程度上体现了宋诗尚奇的诗美追求与题材开拓,展示了宋人尚俗的生活意趣,为宋代士人提供了另类书写时政得失的方式.     

宋代理学家的犯罪心理学思想研究

以二程和朱熹为代表的理学家的犯罪心理学思想比较丰富,对后世的犯罪心理学思想的发展具有重要影响。这里,我们拟从人性与犯罪、人欲与犯罪、刑罚与教化等三个方面对宋代理学家的犯罪心理学思想作一些初步探讨。     

中国西南少数民族梅山教研究的文化意义

在中国西南少数民族传统宗教中,梅山教是巫术色彩浓郁的教派,其神灵和法术深受道教影响。本文考察梅山教的神灵和圣地崇拜,并分析梅山教、茅山教与西南各族群的关系,认为梅山教、茅山教的不同法术风格,是历史上道教传播影响的结果。梅山教在西南傩祭傩文化中的浸润影响,更反映其多元宗教文化的特征。对西南少数民族梅山教多维度的解析,是西南少数民族宗教比较研究的新视角。     

宋儒对古筮法的考察及其思想文化意义

宋代学者如程迥、朱熹、赵汝楳、雷思齐等,曾对春秋时期的《周易》"古筮法"进行了考辨、探究,力图复现"古筮法"之原貌,同时,又因应时代的要求,将古老巫术的神道思想与儒家的伦理观念进行调和,具有其独特的思想文化意义。     

宋代道教咒语的话语分析与历史转向

本文从语言学角度分析宋代道教咒语的语言范式、语言特征与功能机制,阐释其反映出的特定道教观念与思想理论转向,探讨道教咒语与宋代大历史之间的互动交融。在特定的社会历史背景下,宋代道教咒语发生了承前启后的历史转向。为了满足信众降福消灾的世俗需求,宋代出现了大量带有巫术色彩、凸显道士权威的道教咒语;道教法术与内丹理论的融合使得道教咒语往内修、炼炁、天人合一的方向靠拢,体现出强烈的内炼外法的倾向。与此同时,为了迎合朝廷的权威,道教咒语不仅规避与当朝政治辞令相重合的内容,且分化为两种话语风格,以使得在上层社会与民间社会中传播。宋代道教咒语不断应对变化中的时势,积极采取不同的语言策略适应主流社会的意识形态体系,在话语变化中突破困局,构建道教咒语文化的合理性与合法性。     

中国古代的尸祭

以活人扮演先祖或死者神灵并代其接受祭祀的尸祭本属于宗教范畴,但是,古代宗教往往是与巫术混合在一起并利用巫术增强信仰。本文运用人类学巫术理论对中国古代的立尸祭祀仪式进行分析,认为中国古代的立尸祭祀包含着形象模拟巫术与接触巫术,具有巫术思维和巫术要素及手段,甚至还直接影响了其后在民间依然流传的巫术活动。     

从医学看巫术、宗教与科学的关系

医学是巫术、宗教、科学三者联系最多的门类,巫术在我国-始终盛行。近２０年有所抬头 ,其原因非常复杂。区别巫术与宗教、巫术与科学,是减少巫术危害最基本的方法。就此问题进行了深入阐述。     

家庭教养方式对男性罪犯犯罪性获得的影响

该研究对赣州监狱成年男性服刑人员进行父母教养方式(EMBU)问卷的测试。结果表明,家庭教方式是犯罪倾向性获得的心理机制,影响着个体认知图式的形成,对犯罪性获得产生普遍性的影响;影响犯罪的严重程度;父亲因子更多在一般犯罪性层面发挥作用,而母亲因子会影响犯罪的特殊倾向;家庭结构因素要通过家庭功能因素对犯罪发生作用。结论是:不良的教养方式对犯罪性的获得产生深刻的影响。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.