The Career Concept Scale: An Assessment of Career Judgment

An assessment scale of career concepts found to be reliably related with vocational sophistication is developed. With the renewed emphasis in CETA programs for youth-employment counseling efforts, the relative prevocational maturity of those seeking our services can be an element in deriving baseline data from which the efficacy of vocational counseling services can be judged.     

无边界职业生涯取向与青年员工职业成功：职业胜任力的中介作用

基于职业成功的胜任力模型,探讨无边界职业生涯取向与青年员工职业成功的关系。采用两阶段（two-wave）问卷调查法,以385名35岁以下的年轻员工为样本进行研究。结果表明,无边界思维模式与青年员工的主观职业成功、客观职业成功均显著地正相关,职业胜任力在其中起完全中介作用;组织流动性偏好与青年员工的主观职业成功、客观职业成功均显著地负相关,职业胜任力在其中起中介作用。研究证实了无边界职业生涯取向对青年员工职业成功的“双刃剑”效应,为青年员工的职业生涯管理提供了重要启示。     

生涯适应力和员工离职意向的关系：职业生涯成功的作用

为了探讨生涯适应力对员工离职意向的作用机制,通过分析193名企业员工的问卷,采用Bootstrap法进行中介和调节分析,并采用Johnson-Neyman 法对职业满意度的调节效应进行量化分析。结果表明：（1）生涯适应力通过感知到的组织内职业竞争力负向作用离职意向,通过感知到的组织外职业竞争力正向作用离职意向;（2）职业满意度（主观生涯适应力）调节生涯适应力对离职意向的直接和间接影响。当职业满意度达到中等及以上水平时,生涯适应力的增大会直接减少离职意向,但间接的通过感知到的组织外职业竞争力增加离职意向。因此,提高员工的生涯适应力和职业满意度只能在一定程度上减少离职意向。     

The Multidimensional Assessment of Career Decision Problems: The Career Decision Diagnostic Assessment

The multidimensional assessment of career decision problems as measured by the Career Decision Diagnostic Assessment (CDDA; Bansberg & Sklare, 1986) is described, and the CDDA is evaluated for reliability, validity, and factor structure with a sample of 844 students from three universities. Results supported the reliability and validity of the CDDA as a measure of psychological blocks to career decision making. Preliminary normative scores for university students are presented. Recommendations for improving the CDDA and for using the CDDA in career counseling are discussed.     

Unrealistic Optimism: Still a Neglected Trait

Purpose  

Unrealistic optimism is all around us, and it is a well-documented psychological phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to take a critical approach of the main research done in the area and to analyze the important impact that it has in many economic and managerial contexts. We also analyze current trends in terms of entrepreneurship by policy makers.     

Practicing Clinical Supervision in Chile: Lessons from 28 Years of Training

Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy - This article describes a model of supervision developed by Centro MIP in Santiago, Chile. This model is situated in the cultural history and legal context of...     

At a Crossroad: Standing Still and Moving Forward

Reading the article, "Community psychology at the crossroads: Prospects for interdisciplinary research" (Maton, Perkins & Saegert, this issue), there is a sense that community psychology is at a crossroad with regard to being an interdisciplinary field. This paper aims to offer insight and guidance to proponents of interdisciplinary research in the community psychology field by drawing on experiences in urban studies, which shares similar origins and interdisciplinary claims.     

Necessity and Language: The Gap Is Still Very Real

In my previous paper “Has the later Wittgenstein accounted for necessity?” I argued against the conventionalist account of necessity proposed by Wittgenstein and his followers. Glock has addressed some of my objections in his paper “Necessity and Language: In Defence of Conventionalism”. This brief rejoinder considers Glock's replies to three of those objections. In the course of doing so, I revisit Wittgenstein's explanation of the special status of necessary propositions, the supposedly arbitrary nature of colour‐grammatical propositions, and the relation between rules and modality.     

Blazing and Illuminating a Trail: The Career and Scholarship of Janet Taylor Spence

Janet Taylor Spence was a gender pioneer in her career as an academic psychologist and an important contributor to the psychological study of gender roles. That is, she both blazed a path for women in academia and contributed to our scientific understanding of the factors that produce and shape such paths. In this piece, I address both these aspects of her life and work. I begin by briefly highlighting Spence’s groundbreaking posts in academia and her influence on my own academic career. With respect to her research, I identify five aspects of Spence’s work that were innovative and made important, lasting contributions to theoretical and empirical approaches to understanding gender in the United States. I first describe Spence’s commitment to challenging the ideological beliefs about gender held by laypeople and scientists alike by engaging in empirical tests of commonly held beliefs. I next review Spence’s argument that within-individual variability of gender-typing of the self is normative rather than unusual. Third, I describe Spence’s beliefs about the relation between gender-typing of the self and gender-typing of others, and fourth, I describe Spence’s work concerning the mechanisms that support self-perceived femininity and masculinity. In the fifth and final section, I highlight Spence’s treatment of environmental contributions to gender role development.     

Career Counselling: The Usefulness of the Career Interest Profile (CIP)

This study reports the findings from exploratory career counselling with Italian undergraduate university students using the Career Interest Profile (CIP). The participants (n = 178, females = 51.69%; mean age 22.28, SD = 1.59 years) received elective career counselling on campus. The students completed the CIP and the Self-Directed Search (SDS). Data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The CIP yielded satisfactory results with regard to trustworthiness and intercorrelations with the SDS and provides career counsellors with a useful instrument for the identification of interest profiles of Italian undergraduate university students. Participants reported being enabled to explore prospective career interest areas using career-story narratives for constructing life trajectories and enhanced development of their career stories.     

Campus Career Guidance: Assessment and a Model

This article reports a model for assessment of the needs and resources for career guidance on the college campus and the results of one such assessment. Students' need for career guidance was assessed by opinion polls on campus. Resources available on campus were assessed by structured interviews with all department chairpersons and deans. Graduates' views of the usefulness of college education as career preparation were obtained through mailed questionnaires. Results indicate that (a) family and personal friends have the greatest influence on career choice, (b) university departments supply very limited resources for aid in career choice, and (c) most graduates view their college major as a necessary or desirable prerequisite for their current employment. Recommendations are made for action that counseling centers, college divisions, and departments can take to improve career guidance resources on campus.     

主动性人格对大学生职业决策困难的影响:职业生涯探索与职业成熟度的中介作用

本研究基于生涯发展理论探讨了主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难的关系,以及职业生涯探索与职业成熟度的中介效应。以接受了专业培训的心理学专业研究生为主试,采用主动性人格量表、职业生涯探索量表、职业成熟度量表和大学生职业决策困难量表对647名大学生进行研究。结果显示:主动性人格影响大学生职业决策困难的路径有四条,(1)主动性人格对大学生职业决策困难具有直接负向预测作用;(2)职业生涯探索在主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难之间起中介作用;(3)职业成熟度在主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难之间起中介作用;(4)职业生涯探索和职业成熟度在主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难之间起链式中介作用。因此,主动性人格不仅会直接影响大学生职业决策困难,还会通过职业生涯探索与职业成熟度间接影响大学生职业决策困难。     

职业使命感与免费师范生学业投入的影响：基于社会认知职业理论的视角

本研究以436名师范生为研究对象,采取社会认知职业理论（SCCT）为理论分析视角探讨了职业使命感对大学生学业投入的影响及其内在机制。结果表明：（1）职业使命感可以显著提高师范生的学业投入度;（2）职业结果期待和职业自我效能在职业使命感与学业投入之间起到部分中介作用;（3）职业使命感还可以通过职业结果期待、职业自我效能影响职业满意度,进而影响大学生的学业投入。最后,本研究对实践意义和研究局限进行了讨论。     

Practicing Elements Versus Practicing Coordination: Changes in the Structure of Variance

ABSTRACT

The authors explored effects of practice of a 2-finger accurate force production task on components of finger force variance quantified within the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis, V_UCM, that had no effect on total force and V_ORT that affected total force. A variable task with graded instability was designed to encourage use of variable solutions. Two groups of subjects (n = 9 each) were tested prior to a 1.5-hr practice session, after the session, and 2 weeks later (retention test). Group 1 practiced 1 finger at a time, while Group 2 practiced the task with 2 fingers (index and middle) pressing together. Both groups showed comparable improvements in the performance indices. Both groups showed a decrease in V_ORT, while only Group 2 showed an increase in V_UCM. These effects persisted during the retention test. The results show that practicing elements and practicing redundant groups of elements may lead to similar changes in performance (i.e., in the variability of the total force produced by the set of fingers), accompanied by dramatically different changes in the structure of variance: A drop in V_UCM after the single-finger practice and an increase following the 2-finger practice. The strong retention effects promise applications of the method to rehabilitation.     

Einstellung: Still Alive and Well

Predator urine, specifically fox urine, is a noxious but harmless olfactory stimulus. The results of previous studies have shown that fox urine is aversive to rats, and that rats react to fox urine in a similar manner as to other psychostressors. In the present study, the authors further investigated the use of fox urine as an aversive or stressful stimulus, specifically examining behavior change in open-field place-preference task. Three methods of presenting the fox urine were examined. Results indicated that fox urine decreased behavior, especially locomotion, during both fox-urine presentation and during a post-fox-urine recovery session. Data suggested that (a) there were fewer ambulatory episodes and less distance was traveled during the presentation of fox urine, regardless of presentation method, and (b) there were fewer vertical movements during fox-urine presentation when a fox-urine-laced cotton ball was set in the wood shavings than when it was placed on a bare floor or in a cup. The data suggested that fox urine may be an effective but nonharmful stimulus alternative for use in avoidance tasks.     

The Appeal of Personal Selling as a Career: A Decade Later

While students' attitudes and perceptions toward personal selling as a career have been discussed at length, the literature reflects remarkably little effort to understand students' preferences for sales careers. The authors synthesize extant knowledge on the subject and extend the knowledge base by conducting a time-series replication of an earlier study and by examining the relative importance of marketing-related career characteristics. Managerial implications of this research are discussed.