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1.
The goal of the present research was to assess the reliability and validity of the fiftyitem Modified Godfrey-Richman ISM
Scale (M-GRISMS). The sample consisted of seventy-one female and sixty male introductory psychology students. Test items included
various ethnic groups (Racism subscale), religious groups (Religion subscale), and the Heterosexist and Sexist subscales.
Each of these was parsed into various subcategories, e.g., the Racism subscale assessed attitudes toward African-Americans,
Asian-Americans, European-Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. The final version of the M-GRISMS (the M-GRISMS-M) was
found to be highly reliable and valid. Eight independent factors traversed two or more “isms.” 相似文献
2.
We examined family expressiveness as reported by mothers and fathers with respect to children’s report of social anxiety symptoms.
Participants consisted of a clinical sample of 178 youth (8–16 years) and their parents. The sample was largely homogenous
(163 Caucasians, 6 African American, 4 Hispanic, 5 Asian/Native American; 118 boys, 60 girls), and for analytic purposes,
divided into two age groups: young children between 8 and 10 years and preadolescents and adolescents between 11 and 16 years.
Youth completed the Social Anxiety subscale of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children and parents completed the Expressiveness
subscale of the Family Environment Scale. The Expressiveness subscale measures the extent to which family members openly and
directly express their emotions. We hypothesized that low levels of family expressiveness, as reported by mothers and fathers,
would be associated with heightened symptoms of social anxiety for both age groups of the youth. Contrary to predictions,
no significant associations were observed between young children’s social anxiety and expressiveness. For older children,
however, maternal reports of family expressiveness were negatively related to social anxiety symptoms (as predicted) whereas
paternal reports of family expressiveness were positively related to youth’s social anxiety symptoms (counter to predictions).
This later finding suggests that the more expressive the father perceived the family to be, the higher the symptoms of social
anxiety reported by the older youth. Findings are discussed in terms of differential perceptions of family expressiveness
and socialization by mothers and fathers and gender role stereotypes. 相似文献
3.
Stefan G. Hofmann Todd B. Kashdan 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(2):255-263
Affective style is an individual difference variable that refers to tendencies for regulating emotions. The emotion research
literature has consistently identified three general strategies to handle emotional reactions: some strategies are aimed at
re-adjusting affect to adapt successfully to situational demands; other strategies are intended to conceal or suppress affect;
and a third approach is to tolerate and accept emotions, including unwanted and aversive reactions. We conducted two studies
to develop a self-report measure to assess these affective styles. In the first study (n = 434), a list of 127 items related to this construct was administered. A factor analysis supported three factors: habitual
attempts to conceal or suppress affect (Concealing subscale; 8 items), a general ability to manage, adjust, and work with emotions as needed (Adjusting subscale; 7 items), and an accepting and tolerant attitude toward emotions (Tolerating subscale; 5 items). The scale showed satisfactory internal consistency. Furthermore, the respective subscales showed different
patterns of relations with existing instruments measuring similar constructs. Findings were cross-validated in an independent
sample (n = 495). The factor structure and results of psychometric analyses were replicated. The final 20-item Affective Style Questionnaire
is a brief instrument to measure individual differences in emotion regulation. 相似文献
4.
Anna Goodman Donna L. Lamping George B. Ploubidis 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1179-1191
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widely used child mental health questionnaire with five hypothesised
subscales. There is theoretical and preliminary empirical support for combining the SDQ’s hypothesised emotional and peer
subscales into an ‘internalizing’ subscale and the hypothesised behavioral and hyperactivity subscales into an ‘externalizing’
subscale (alongside the fifth prosocial subscale). We examine this using parent, teacher and youth SDQ data from a representative
sample of 5–16 year olds in Britain (N = 18,222). Factor analyses generally supported second-order internalizing and externalizing factors, and the internalizing
and externalizing subscales showed good convergent and discriminant validity across informants and with respect to clinical
disorder. By contrast, discriminant validity was poorer between the emotional and peer subscales and between the behavioral,
hyperactivity and prosocial subscales. This applied particularly to children with low scores on those subscales. We conclude
that there are advantages to using the broader internalizing and externalizing SDQ subscales for analyses in low-risk samples,
while retaining all five subscales when screening for disorder. 相似文献
5.
The Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) is the instrument of choice for assessing symptom severity
in older children (i.e., 8–18 years) diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The reliability and validity of this
measure for use among younger children (i.e., 5–8 years of age), however, has never been examined. The primary aim of this
study was to examine this scale’s use among those presenting with early childhood OCD. Forty-two children with OCD between
the ages of 4 and 8 years of age were recruited as part of a larger treatment outcome study, and the reliability and validity
of the CY-BOCS was examined. Results revealed questionable reliability for the measure’s 5-item Obsessions subscale but good
reliability (i.e., internal consistency, temporal stability) for the 5-item Compulsions subscale and 10-item total scale.
Results also revealed that the CY-BOCS total scale demonstrated mixed discriminant validity but strong convergent validity
and sensitive to change. Collectively, the 10-item, CY-BOCS total score yields a reliable and valid scale for the assessment
of symptom severity in early childhood OCD. However, we urge caution in use of the Obsessions subscale in isolation for either
clinical or research purposes. Limitations and future areas of research are discussed including the potential benefit of developing
a measure of OCD-related symptom severity specifically for younger children with greater attention to developmental differences
among children within this population. 相似文献
6.
Takeo Fujiwara Noriko Kato Matthew R. Sanders 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(6):804-813
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of a group-based family intervention program known as the Group
Positive Parenting Program (Triple P), with families in Japan. Reductions in children’s behavioral problems, changes in dysfunctional
parenting practices, and affects on parenting adjustment were examined. Participants of both the intervention and control
groups (N = 91 and N = 24, respectively) were recruited from mothers visiting health clinics in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa. Intervention
and control groups were assessed in terms of child behavior (Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire, SDQ), parenting style
(Parenting Scale, PS), and parenting adjustment (Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, DASS; and Parenting Experience Survey, PES),
both pre- and postintervention. A repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine the intervention’s
effects. The SDQ score for the conduct problems subscale indicated a significant intervention effect. In addition, the postintervention
scores for all subscales of the PS, the DASS depression subscale and total scores, as well as ratings for perceived difficulty
of parenting in the PES, were significantly reduced in the intervention group alone. The PES also revealed that confidence
in parenting significantly increased only in the intervention group. Group Triple P is effective in decreasing child conduct
problems, dysfunctional parenting practices, depression, anxiety, stress, and the perceived level of parenting difficulty,
as well as in improving parenting confidence, among Japanese families. 相似文献
7.
The structure of the Rye et al.’s Forgiveness Likelihood Scale was evaluated using the principal components analysis and Guttman’s
Smallest Space Analysis. Participants (n = 98) were students in Introduction to Psychology classes. While the former suggested a one-factor solution, the latter suggested
differentiating the items based on the facet of ease of forgiving with three subsets: easy, medium, and difficult items. Unexpectedly, the Total Forgiveness Likelihood Scale score and the
subscale based on just difficult items correlated significantly with the Fantasy subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity
Index. A mapping sentence is offered with four facets and their putative constituent elements as a way to conceptualize the
development of new, or to improve upon current, forgiveness likelihood scales. 相似文献
8.
Melissa K. Runyon Robert A. Steer Esther Deblinger 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(2):129-136
The Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth (BYI-S; Beck et al. in Manual for the Beck Youth Inventories of Emotional and Social
Impairment, 2001) was administered to 100 adolescents (12–17 years old) who experienced sexual abuse. An iterated principal-factor analysis
found that the BYI-S represented two highly correlated (r = .53) factors corresponding to the Self-Esteem and Competency dimensions that Steer, Kumar, Beck, and Beck (J Psychopathol Behav Assess 27:123–131, 2005) found with child psychiatric outpatients. Item analyses were used to derive two six-item subscales measuring Self-Esteem
and Competency that had coefficient αs > .80. The Self-Concept total and subscale scores were differentially correlated with various psychosocial characteristics
of the youth. Low Self-Esteem scores were associated with total number of posttraumatic symptoms and self-reported anger,
whereas low Competency scores were related to externalizing behavior problems. The BYI-S was discussed as being a useful instrument
for assessing the self-concepts of youth who have experienced sexual abuse. 相似文献
9.
Cowchock FS Ellestad SE Meador KG Koenig HG Hooten EG Swamy GK 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):901-910
Women (n = 15) who were pregnant after a traumatic late pregnancy loss (termination because of fetal death or serious anomalies) completed
psychometric screening tests and scales, including the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS), the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the Duke
Depression Inventory (DDI), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD), and the Hoge Scale for Intrinsic Religiosity (IR). Despite
a mean elapsed time since the prior loss of 27 (range, 7–47) months, half (7/15, 47%) of the combined groups had high levels
of grief on the PGS. Multiple positive scores on psychometric tests were frequent: Sixty percent (9/15) had high scores on
the PGS Active Grief subscale or on the IES. Forty percent (6/15) had a high score on the DDI, and 17% (3/15) on the GAD.
IR scores significantly and negatively correlated with scores on the Despair subscale of the PGS. The results from this pilot
study suggest that high levels of grief and PTS symptoms are significant problems for pregnant women who have suffered late
loss of a wanted pregnancy. Religiosity may play an important part in maternal coping during these stressful pregnancies. 相似文献
10.
Students Who Like and Dislike School 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The major goal of this study was to investigate relationships among levels of 341 secondary school students’ school satisfaction
and various intrapersonal, interpersonal, and academic measures. The measures included the School subscale from the Multidimensional
Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1994), Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1991), Children’s Hope Scale (Snyder et al. 1997), Behavioral Assessment System for Children (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 1992), self-perceived grade point average (GPA) and participation in extracurricular activities (SEAs). Students were placed into
three groups based on their school satisfaction reports, including very low (lowest 20%), average (middle 30%), and very high
(highest 20%) levels of school satisfaction. Students with very low school satisfaction differed from students with very high
school satisfaction on all adjustment measures; students with very low school satisfaction also differed from students with
average levels of school satisfaction on all measures, except the self-esteem measure. Relative to students reporting average
levels of school satisfaction, students reporting very high satisfaction demonstrated significantly higher scores on measures
of global life satisfaction, hope, internal locus of control, and GPA. Finally, only three students in the very high satisfaction
group and nine students in the average satisfaction group reported clinical levels of psychological symptoms. In the very
low satisfaction group, clinical levels of symptoms were reported by 30%, 22%, and 16% of the students on the Clinical Maladjustment,
Personal Adjustment, and Emotional Symptoms Index, respectively. Implications for future research and educational practices
are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Lee M. Ritterband Charles D. Spielberger 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2001,8(2):85-93
The main goal of this study was to examine depression and its components in cancer patients as compared with healthy control subjects and psychiatric inpatients. The participants were 54 cancer patients (28 females with breast cancer, 26 males with prostate cancer), 59 healthy controls (33 females, 26 males), and 75 psychiatric patients (27 females, 48 males). Participants were administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State Trait Personality Inventory (STPI) Depression scales. Cancer patients had higher overall depression scores than did healthy controls as measured by BDI, but the difference was due primarily to the significantly higher scores of the cancer patients on the BDI Somatic–Performance subscale. No differences were found on the BDI Cognitive–Affective subscale. Cancer patients also scored significantly higher than healthy controls on the State-Trait Personality Inventory (STPI) State Depression (S-Dep) scale because of higher Euthymia subscale scores. The psychiatric inpatients scored significantly higher than the other groups on all measures of depression. The findings of this study suggest that cancer patients may be erroneously labeled as depressed because of somatic–performance difficulties they may experience, which are similar to symptoms of depressed individuals. In addition, it is essential to delineate the various components of depression in evaluating cancer patients. 相似文献
12.
Nima Ghorbani P. J. Watson Bart L. Weathington 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(4):211-224
In theory, mindfulness has a role to play in resolving intercultural conflicts. This suggestion rests upon the relatively
untested presumption that mindfulness operates similarly across cultures. In a test of this presumption, university students
from two countries that are often in conflict at the governmental level, Iran (N = 723) and the United States (N = 900), responded to the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown and Ryan Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84(4):822–848,
2003), along with an array of other psychological measures. This Mindfulness Scale displayed structural complexities in both societies,
but a measurement invariant subscale was nevertheless identified. Similar cross-cultural evidence of concurrent validity was
obtained in relationships with wide-ranging measures of adjustment. Nonsignificant linkages with Public Self-Consciousness
and Self-Monitoring demonstrated discriminant validity in both societies. These data identified mindfulness as a cross-culturally
similar psychological process that could plausibly have a role in resolving intercultural conflicts. 相似文献
13.
J. S. Nijmeijer P. J. Hoekstra R. B. Minderaa J. K. Buitelaar M. E. Altink C. J. M. Buschgens E. A. Fliers N. N. J. Rommelse J. A. Sergeant C. A. Hartman 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(3):443-453
The aims of this study were to investigate whether subtle PDD symptoms in the context of ADHD are transmitted in families
independent of ADHD, and whether PDD symptom familiality is influenced by gender and age. The sample consisted of 256 sibling
pairs with at least one child with ADHD and 147 healthy controls, aged 5–19 years. Children who fulfilled criteria for autistic
disorder were excluded. The Children’s Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) was used to assess PDD symptoms. Probands, siblings,
and controls were compared using analyses of variance. Sibling correlations were calculated for CSBQ scores after controlling
for IQ, ADHD, and comorbid anxiety. In addition, we calculated cross-sibling cross-trait correlations. Both children with
ADHD and their siblings had higher PDD levels than healthy controls. The sibling correlation was 0.28 for the CSBQ total scale,
with the CSBQ stereotyped behavior subscale showing the strongest sibling correlation (r = 0.35). Sibling correlations remained similar in strength after controlling for IQ and ADHD, and were not confounded by
comorbid anxiety. Sibling correlations were higher in female than in male probands. The social subscale showed stronger sibling
correlations in elder than in younger sibling pairs. Cross-sibling cross-trait correlations for PDD and ADHD were weak and
not-significant. The results confirm that children with ADHD have high levels of PDD symptoms, and further suggest that the
familiality of subtle PDD symptoms in the context of ADHD is largely independent from ADHD familiality. 相似文献
14.
To clarify what is actually measured by the trait version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger, Gorsuch, & Lushene, 1970), we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis of various models and evaluated convergent and discriminant validity. The best fit was obtained with both a bifactor model, comprising 2 specific factors plus a general factor, and a 1-construct, 2-method model. The total score and the 2 method subscales of the STAI trait version were more strongly correlated with depression than with anxiety. In the bifactor model with 2 specific factors, the depression subscale showed stronger correlations with measures of depression than with measures of anxiety. The correlation of the hypothetical anxiety subscale with measures of depression was equivalent to or higher than its correlation with measures of anxiety. These results suggest that the questionnaire does not strictly evaluate anxiety but, rather, negative affect. 相似文献
15.
We investigated some types of triggers of embarrassment and their personality correlates. A total of 161 undergraduates indicated how embarrassed they would be in a variety of situations classified a priori into three types. The types were based on the kind of trigger they embodied and were derived in part from current theories of embarrassment. Several analytic techniques, including factor analysis, suggested that there are at least three sorts of situations people find embarrassing: committing a faux pas, being the centre of attention, and threatening another's social identity. We created a subscale for each subtype of trigger. Embarrassibility on each subscale was correlated with embarrassibility on the others, but the reliabilities of the subscales substantially exceeded their intercorrelations. Some personality variables, for example, Neuroticism (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) correlated with all subscales, whereas other personality variables correlated differentially, for example, Revised Self-Monitoring (Lennox & Wolf, 1984), Interaction Anxiousness (Leary, 1983), and Rejection Sensitivity (Downey & Feldman, 1996). We believe, contrary to previous suggestions (Edelmann & McCusker, 1986), that there are subtypes of triggers of embarrassment and they they roughly correspond to the different causes of embarrassment as proposed by various theorists. We discuss the implications of our results for theories of embarrassment. 相似文献
16.
Susana R. Patton Lawrence M. Dolan Racquel Henry Scott W. Powers 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(3):252-259
The current study examined fear of hypoglycemia in 81 mothers and 64 fathers of young children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM)
using the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Parents of Young Children (HFS-P-YC possible range = 26–130). Mothers and fathers completed
the HFS-P-YC at enrollment and mothers completed it 2 weeks later. Families recorded daily blood glucose on a standardized
meter for 2 weeks. Mothers’ mean total HFS-P-YC score was 75.0 (SD = 17.2) and fathers’ mean score was 66.5 (SD = 18.0). Mothers
reported greater HFS-P-YC total and behavior subscale scores than fathers. Mothers’ HFS-P-YC scores were comparable to published
HFS scores for mothers of preadolescents with T1DM and higher than adult patients with T1DM. The HFS-P-YC had good internal
consistency and test–retest reliability in this sample. These findings suggest parents of young children with T1DM report
a high level of fear of hypoglycemia. Additionally, the HFS-P-YC appears to be a reliable measure in this population. 相似文献
17.
Sportel BE Nauta MH de Hullu E de Jong PJ Hartman CA 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(2):149-156
Behavioral inhibition (BI) has been associated with the development of internalizing disorders in children and adolescents.
It has further been shown that attentional control (AC) is negatively associated with internalizing problems. The combination
of high BI and low AC may particularly lead to elevated symptomatology of internalizing behavior. This study broadens existing
knowledge by investigating the additive and interacting effects of BI and AC on the various DSM-IV based internalizing dimensions.
A sample of non-clinical adolescents (N = 1806, age M = 13.6 years), completed the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral
Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS), the attentional control subscale of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) and the
Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). As expected, BI was positively, and AC was negatively related to internalizing
dimensions, with stronger associations of BI than of AC with anxiety symptoms, and a stronger association of AC than of BI
with depressive symptoms. AC moderated the association between BI and all measured internalizing dimensions (i.e., symptoms
of generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder,
and major depressive disorder). Since high AC may reduce the impact of high BI on the generation of internalizing symptoms,
an intervention focused on changing AC may have potential for prevention and treatment of internalizing disorders. 相似文献
18.
The sexual self-concept is an important component of the self-concept that researchers have rarely examined. The Women's Sexual Self-Concept Scale
(WSSCS) is a 39-item measure designed to assess women's sexual self-concept. Women rate the extent to which various behaviors,
cognitions, emotions, and adjectives describe their sexuality. In a study with 262 women, the measure was found to be both
reliable and valid. Three factors were identified through exploratory Principal Components Analysis. Women rated themselves
highest on the Reserved Approach subscale, followed by the Agentic Sexuality subscale, and the Negative Associations subscale. Compared to a stereotype of women's sexuality (obtained with a mixed-gender group of 444 participants), the women
in the present study rated themselves higher on the Reserved Approach subscale and lower on the Negative Associations subscale. Group differences in women's sexual self-concepts were identified by past xinvolvement in romantic or sexual relationships,
and current sexual involvement. 相似文献
19.
20.
Clausen L Rosenvinge JH Friborg O Rokkedal K 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(1):101-110
The Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) is used worldwide in research and clinical work. The 3rd version (EDI-3) has been used in recent research, yet without any independent testing of its psychometric properties. The
aim of the present study was twofold: 1) to establish national norms and to compare them with the US and international norms,
and 2) to examine the factor structure, the internal consistency, the sensitivity and the specificity of subscale scores.
Participants were Danish adult female patients (N = 561) from a specialist treatment centre and a control group (N = 878) was women selected from the Danish Civil Registration system. Small but significant differences were found between
Danish and international, as well as US norms. Overall, the factor structure was confirmed, the internal consistency of the
subscales was satisfactory, the discriminative validity was good, and sensitivity and specificity were excellent. The implications
from these results are discussed. 相似文献