团体辅导提升大学生自我同一性的应用研究

目的:本研究旨在研究团体辅导对提高大学生自我同一性的干预效果。方法:采取团体辅导的方法对大连理工大学的30名大学生进行干预,采用实验组与对照组前后测研究的实验设计,使用自我同一性地位量表和青少年同一性危机量表进行测试,采用独立样本t检验,统计被试训练前后各项目、总分得分差异。结果:团体辅导后,实验组被试干预后自我同一性地位均在不同程度上发生改变,多于63%的成员的同一性定位呈现了提升趋势,自我同一性危机的七个维度,经深入研究,团体辅导对时间透视、自我意识、角色尝试、自我确信及了解、价值定向五个维度能产生显著的积极影响;对照组心理健康状态前后测没有显著差异。结论:团体辅导能够有效地提高大学生自我同一性水平。     

大学生自我同一性状态与“大五”人格、因果取向的关系

通过对536名大学生的问卷调查,采用结构方程模型考察了大学生的自我同一性状态与"大五"人格、因果取向之间的关系。结果发现,(1)"大五"人格和因果取向均是大学生自我同一性状态的重要预测因素,能在较大程度上解释大学生所处自我同一性状态(特别是同一性获得状态和扩散状态)上的差异;(2)因果取向在"大五"人格对自我同一性状态的影响中起重要的中介作用。     

大学生情绪稳定性与网络成瘾的关系——自我同一性的中介作用

本研究采用随机整群抽样的方法,选用大学生自我同一性状态量表、情绪稳定性量表和陈淑惠中文网络成瘾量表,旨在探索情绪稳定性与网络成瘾的关系及自我同一性的中介作用。结论如下:(1)大学生自我同一性与网络成瘾、情绪稳定性与网络成瘾、自我同一性与情绪稳定性之间存在显著相关关系。(2)自我同一性在情绪稳定性与网络成瘾之间起部分中介作用。     

大学生自我同一性、核心自我评价与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的:探讨大学生的自我同一性发展状态、主观幸福感和核心自我评价之间的关系。方法:采用自行翻译的核心自我评价量表,生活满意度量表和情感平衡量表对江苏省南通市310名大学生进行调查。结果:(1)方差分析表明,核心自我评价在延缓状态和获得状态下均差异显著;延缓和获得状态在主观幸福感的三维度上均差异显著;(2)相关分析表明,延缓状态和获得状态下的核心自我评价与生活满意度、正性和负性情感的相关显著;(3)回归分析表明,自我同一性对核心自我评价和主观幸福感各维度回归效应显著,核心自我评价在自我同一性与主观幸福感之间存在部分中介效应。结论:自我同一性和核心自我评价均可作为主观幸福感的预测变量,核心自我评价是自我同一性和主观幸福感之间的一个中介变量。     

大学生网络同一性实验与自我同一性的关系:网络社交倾向和强迫性网络使用的作用

从网络同一性实验与自我同一性间关系的分歧出发,提出相应的理论模型,考察网络社交倾向的调节作用及强迫性网络使用的中介作用。本研究采用网络同一性实验量表、自我同一性实验问卷以及强迫性网络使用量表对275名大学生进行了测量,结果表明:(1)网络社交倾向对网络同一性实验与自我同一性的关系具有调节作用。对于线下社交倾向的大学生,网络同一性实验对自我同一性有消极预测作用;但对于线上社交倾向的大学生,中等程度的网络同一性实验会积极预测自我同一性的发展;(2)强迫性网络使用在网络同一性实验与自我同一性的关系中起完全中介作用。总之,网络同一性实验整体上不利于大学生自我同一性的发展,但若把握好"度"也可以发挥其积极作用。     

独立学院学生自我同一性与情绪弹性相关研究

目的:考察自我同一性与情绪弹性之间的关系。方法:,采用问卷调查法对独立学院的240名大学生进行测试,运用SPSS17.0对数据进行了分析处理。结果:(1)男、女生之间在同一性发展的过程、时间和同一性状态方面存在差异(2)自我同一性不同的状态与情绪弹性之间呈现相关关系。结论:独立学院大学生自我同一性与情绪弹性的相关关系之间存在性别差异;自我同一性不同的状态与情绪弹性之间的相关关系存在差异。     

大学生自我同一性与人际适应相互关系研究

目的了解大学生自我同一性与人际适应两者之间的相关关系。方法采用自我同一性测试量表》及《大学生人际适应性量表》对280名高师大学生进行测查。结果(1)大学生的同一性地位主要分布在同一性扩散—积极的延缓的中间地位(D-M地位)(2)人际适应量表总平均分为3.52,人际适应性总体上呈正向趋势;(3)大学生人际适应与自我同一性显著正相关。结论自我同一性形成的越好,人际适应也就越好,同时人际适应能力的增强对自我同一性的确立也具有促进作用。     

生涯发展辅导对大学生自我同一性发展的影响研究

本研究按随机和匹配的原则,将235名大学生分成实验组与对照组。对实验组大学生进行了为期两个月的生涯发展辅导,对照组大学生在自然状态下发展。采用加藤厚编制的自我同一性地位量表测量大学生自我同一性,观察生涯发展辅导对大学生自我同一性发展的影响。结果发现,与对照组相比实验组大学生自我同一性水平显著提高。     

大学生自我同一性状态与人格特征的相关研究

文章探讨了大学生自我同一性状态与人格变量之间的关系。通过相关分析发现,不同的自我同一性状态与不同的人格特征相联系,呈现不同的人格特征,四种自我同一性状态在每一人格维度上存在一定的差异,尤其是在成熟、高级的自我同一性和低级的自我同一性之间人格特征的差异更大。研究进一步证明自我同一性的形成是大学生发展追求的核心主题,它标志着人格的完善。     

大学生自我同一性与亲子依恋、因果取向之间的关系

通过对536名大学生的问卷调查,考察了大学生的自我同一性状态与亲子依恋、因果取向之间的关系。结果表明:良好的亲子依恋有利于大学生的自我同一性形成,使大学生更可能处于同一性获得状态,避免同一性扩散。除直接影响外,亲子依恋以因果取向中的自主取向和非个人取向为中介对同一性状态产生重要的间接影响,从而揭示了亲子依恋对大学生自我同一性发挥影响的作用方式。     

ACCULTURATION AND EATING DISORDERS IN A MEXICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY SAMPLE

Our purpose was to investigate acculturation and eating disorders by examining the role of ethnic identity and by utilizing a bidimensional perspective toward two cultures. We predicted that orientation toward European American culture and lower ethnic identity would be positively associated with eating disorders. Participants were 188 Mexican American women recruited from the community (79 with eating disorders and 109 control women). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR and Eating Disorder Examination were used to establish diagnoses. The Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II and the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure assessed Anglo orientation, Mexican orientation, and ethnic identity. Orientation toward Anglo American culture was significantly associated with eating disorders, whereas orientation toward Mexican culture and strength of ethnic identity were not associated with eating disorder status. Findings point to the role of Anglo cultural orientation in the development of eating disorders and underscore the need for future research to utilize bidimensional models.     

Community Involvement and Narrative Identity in Emerging and Young Adulthood: A Longitudinal Analysis

This study examines community engagement in youth and emerging adulthood from a narrative identity perspective, based on analyses of a longitudinal data set of 72 participants from ages 17 to 32. At ages 26 and 32, participants told narratives about a key community experience from their personal lives, which was rated for six dimensions. In addition, questionnaire measures of community involvement and general identity status development were administered at ages 17, 26, and 32. We found that patterns of community involvement at age 17 predicted levels of community involvement and qualities of community narratives at ages 26 and 32 and that community narratives were significantly correlated with concurrent measures of identity maturity and community involvement. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.     

粤港澳大湾区大学生前创业行动及受到政策与心理因素的影响研究

对315名粤港澳大湾区大学生进行问卷调查,分析他们前创业行动的情况并采用logistic回归研究其影响因素。结果发现,大学生前创业行动的参与度较为积极,但仍有进一步提升空间。而且,大学生的前创业行动受到了创业效能感、创业意愿和个体背景等内部因素的影响; 以及受到了创业政策熟悉度、大学生家庭所在地创业环境等外部变量的影响。研究结果对高校针对性开展创业教育具有一定的指导意义。     

中学生时间洞察力特质与健康行为选择内隐偏好：未来情景性思维的作用

本研究采用经典内隐联想测验任务,研究了现在享乐、现在宿命和未来三种时间洞察力特质中学生的健康行为选择内隐偏好以及未来情景性思维在时间洞察力类型与健康行为选择内隐偏好中的调节作用。结果发现：未来特质中学生的健康行为选择内隐偏好高于现在享乐和现在宿命特质中学生;未来情景性思维水平在中学生时间洞察力类型与健康行为选择内隐偏好的关系中起调节作用,即未来情景性思维显著提高现在享乐和未来特质中学生的健康行为选择内隐偏好,而对现在宿命特质的作用不显著。本研究的发现表明未来时间洞察力特质是中学生选择健康行为的积极因素;未来情景性思维能促进现在享乐和未来时间洞察力特质中学生的健康行为选择内隐偏好。     

Age-based stereotype threat and negative outcomes in the workplace: Exploring the role of identity integration

Previous studies have shown that the presence of age-based stereotypes in the workplace is often associated with lower levels of work engagement and adjustment among older employees. This study examines possible mediators and moderators of this relationship using data from a sample of 2,348 older (age > 50) employees at the Italian national rail company. We test a model in which the effects of age-based stereotype threat on organizational involvement, future time perspective, and psychological well-being are mediated by work–age identity integration (how much individuals see their age and organizational identities as compatible and blended). Secondly, we explored whether these effects are moderated by gender and job status. Results indicate that age-based stereotypes are associated with negative outcomes for employees’ work and personal adjustment, and that these relationships are partially mediated by variations in work–age identity integration.     

Demographic Indicators as Predictors of Future Time Perspective

The present investigation examined the relationships between five demographic variables (age, sex, income, marital status, and education) and future time perspective. From a theoretical perspective, these demographic indicators were conceptualized as proxy measures for the social forces that influence the adult expression of this personality dimension. Data were drawn from six investigations in which a brief measure of future time perspective (Hershey and Mowen in The Gerontologist 40:687–697, 2000) had been administered to one thousand four hundred and ninety eight individuals. Higher future time perspective scores (i.e., longer future orientations) were associated with being male, increased age, income, and educational level. These main effects, however, were mitigated by a significant three-way interaction among sex, age, and level of education. These findings suggest that a complex interplay of variables is responsible for the expression of personality traits at the individual level.     

Demographic Indicators as Predictors of Future Time Perspective

The present investigation examined the relationships between five demographic variables (age, sex, income, marital status, and education) and future time perspective. From a theoretical perspective, these demographic indicators were conceptualized as proxy measures for the social forces that influence the adult expression of this personality dimension. Data were drawn from six investigations in which a brief measure of future time perspective (Hershey and Mowen in The Gerontologist 40:687–697, 2000) had been administered to one thousand four hundred and ninety eight individuals. Higher future time perspective scores (i.e., longer future orientations) were associated with being male, increased age, income, and educational level. These main effects, however, were mitigated by a significant three-way interaction among sex, age, and level of education. These findings suggest that a complex interplay of variables is responsible for the expression of personality traits at the individual level.     

SOCIAL ROOTS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF TIME PERSPECTIVE

Hypotheses concerning socio-economic conditions related with the development, psychological processes and behavioral sequels of time perspective were tested on 249 students, 19–23 years of age. Three dimensions of time perspective viz. future orientation (FO), future extension and total extension were measured. In study 1, ANOVA revealed significant differences between high, medium and low deprived groups on all three dimensions of time perspective. Deprivation on experiential dimension significantly and adversely influenced FO but physico-economic deprivation did not. Study 2 revealed that future oriented and extended outlook is augmented by a reflective style as measured by MFFT. 2×2 ANOVA on delay of gratification scores revealed significant main effects of reflective-impulsive style, and FO. Significant interaction effect showed that those subjects who had high future orientation as well as a reflective style were better able to tolerate delay of gratification.     

COHERENCE AS A MEASURE OF FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE IN CHILDREN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO DELAY OF GRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL CLASS

The relationship between social class (SC), delay of gratification (DG), and coherence of future time perspective (FTP) was investigated with a revised measure of coherence. Sixty sixth-grade Israeli children, recruited from middle vs. low social class groups were administered a future events arrangement (FEA) task, and a “candy puppet” (CP) measurement of DG. Results indicated that the two groups differed significantly on both variables and that FEA and CP correlate significantly and positively. However, partial correlation between FEA and CP, which controlled the SC variable, was nonsignificant. No sex effects were found in any of the investigated variables. Results were interpreted as lending support to the revised concept of coherence. Theoretical aspects of future time perspective are discussed, as well as further necessary research.     

真实型领导：概念、测量、形成与作用

频发的道德丑闻和管理渎职现象使真实型领导受到了前所未有的关注。基于近十年来国、内外重要理论文章和67项实证文章, 本文对真实型领导研究进行了系统梳理与评析。总体来看, 研究者主要从特质/行为视角和过程视角界定真实型领导。真实型领导的测量已有标准化工具, 并在测量主体和方式上呈现多样化趋势。真实型领导受个体因素和情境因素影响, 也会通过积极组织行为学、社会学习、社会认定和社会交换机制对个体、团队和组织产生积极影响。未来研究应深入讨论真实型领导的概念、结构和测量问题, 对其影响因素、影响效果和作用机制做进一步探索, 并适时进行跨文化和本土化考察。