共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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工作记忆、加工速度与流体智力的发展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
近几年有关认知发展心理机制的研究成为一个认知发展领域一个颇引人注目的内容.这些研究探讨了年龄、工作记忆、加工速度与流体智力之间的关系。研究发现.在流体智力的发展过程中,工作记忆可能比加工速度发挥着更直接、更一般的作用,而加工速度则对工作记忆的发展起直接调节作用。 相似文献
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以7~15岁儿童青少年为研究对象,考察加工速度和执行功能对流体智力的影响。研究结果表明,随着年龄的增长,感觉运动加工速度、知觉加工速度对流体智力从具有直接影响到只通过执行功能中的记忆更新成分产生间接影响,但这种影响存在年龄间的差异。在童年中期(7~9岁),知觉加工速度对流体智力不仅具有直接的预测作用,还通过记忆更新对其产生间接的影响。童年晚期(10~12岁),感觉运动加工速度和知觉加工速度不再对流体智力具有直接预测作用,都是通过记忆更新和抑制/转换合成成分间接对流体智力起作用。青春期(13~15岁),知觉加工速度对流体智力只通过记忆更新产生间接影响。 相似文献
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PASS理论近期研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1 引言智力是心理科学研究领域中的重要概念。 2 0世纪 6 0年代前 ,因素分析是心理学家建构智力结构的主要方法 ,自 2 0世纪 80年代初 ,随着计算机技术的发展以及认知心理学的兴起 ,智力研究者开始从信息加工的角度来理解智力 ,智力研究的焦点也逐渐转移到智力内部活动过程的探索上。 2 0世纪 80年代后期 ,智力理论呈现出因素分析与认知加工相互融合的发展趋势 ,但传统智力理论与智力测验依然存在以下问题 :首先 ,限于传统智力理论对智力的界定 ,智力测验无法直接测量个体习得知识快慢的能力。其次 ,大脑两半球的功能在传统智力测验中未予… 相似文献
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利用脑ET技术对认知功能正常的被试进行智力发展的脑电图研究。结果表明:(1)随着年龄的增长,小学生脑α波的平均频率呈明显的上升趋势,而中学生的变化幅度不大,但明显超过60年代的同期水平;(2)脑波平均频率的空间分布表现出额低枕高的前后梯度,在年龄低组被试有逆转现象,随年龄的增长,逆转现象减少,大脑的有序程度逐渐增强;(3)小学生的信息加工速度与脑α波的关系并不十分明显,而其脑波频率的分布和发展特点与计算速度有着根本的联系。中学生的表象能力与不同脑区平均频率的关系因年龄不同而有所差异,主要表现为在右顶叶、右前颞叶、右后颞叶和左后颞叶区域,表象能力好组频率大于差组。 相似文献
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本文用因素分析方法对学龄期儿童的智力结构进行了发展性探讨。以上海市区六岁、十二岁和十六岁儿童为对象,使用WISC-E测验和CRT测验进行了智力测量。以“一般因素理论”和“g_f-g_c理论”为框架,对其测量结果所进行的因素分析,可以为我们提供许多有价值的信息,是多种探讨智力发展的理论假设之组成部份。本研究的结果表明:学龄期儿童随着年龄的增长,智力因素逐渐分化,导致智力发展上个体差异和年龄差异的形成和发展,为智力发展的“分化理论”提供了一定的证据。 相似文献
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John Protzko 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2017,24(4):1022-1031
Targeted cognitive training, such as n-back or speed of processing training, in the hopes of raising intelligence is of great theoretical and practical importance. The most important theoretical contribution, however, is not about the malleability of intelligence. Instead, I argue the most important and novel theoretical contribution is understanding the causal structure of intelligence. The structure of intelligence, most often taken as a hierarchical factor structure, necessarily prohibits transfer from subfactors back up to intelligence. If this is the true structure, targeted cognitive training interventions will fail to increase intelligence not because intelligence is immutable, but simply because there is no causal connection between, say, working memory and intelligence. Seeing the structure of intelligence for what it is, a causal measurement model, allows us to focus testing on the presence and absence of causal links. If we can increase subfactors without transfer to other facets, we may be confirming the correct causal structure more than testing malleability. Such a blending into experimental psychometrics is a strong theoretical pursuit. 相似文献
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between bullying, victimization and a number of social-emotional
variables such as trait emotional intelligence, empathy and self-efficacy in 206 elementary school 6th graders in Greece.
Results indicated that boys reported significantly more direct and indirect bullying behaviors than girls, and higher victimization.
Bullying was negatively correlated with overall self-efficacy and its academic component, trait emotional intelligence, empathy
and its cognitive component, while victimization was negatively correlated with overall self-efficacy and its three dimensions,
trait emotional intelligence, affective and cognitive empathy. Gender, trait emotional intelligence, and cognitive empathy
significantly predicted bullying, whereas victimization was predicted by gender, trait emotional intelligence and affective
empathy. 相似文献
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简评认知神经科学取向的智力观 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着认知神经科学与生物技术的发展,现当代智力理论的构建明显地受到其影响。这些智力理论被称之为认知神经科学取向的智力观,如Garlick的神经可塑性模型;Das等人根据Luria的神经模型提出的智力PASS模型;Kaufman提出的儿童评估成套测验(K-ABC);Ceci的生物-生态学智力模型及Perkins的真智力理论等。这些智力观都直接将认知神经过程或神经生物学的某些研究成果融合于其理论模型之中。认知神经科学取向的智力观为智力研究提供了新的研究视角和思考维度,但同时也可能面临某种发展困境。第二代认知科学的具身认知思想可能是解决传统身-心争论的有效途径。 相似文献
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Primacy and recency recall measures, obtained from both free and probed-recall tasks, were included in a battery of tests which also contained markers for fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, and cognitive speed factors. Our results confirmed previous findings that for subjects within the normal range of abilities, recency recall from probed-recall tasks is more closely linked to intelligence than is primacy recall. A new finding was also obtained: that primacy recall is correlated more with measures of cognitive speed than is recency recall. These results are discussed in terms of the concept of working memory and its relation to intelligence. 相似文献
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《Intelligence》1987,11(2):137-159
Four experiments examined the extent to which the componential method of analogical reasoning, developed by R.J. Sternberg (1977a), could be used to investigate the cognitive processes of subjects with both above- and below-average intelligence. In the first two experiments, all subjects appeared to make little use of the “precued” analogy terms, the means by which separate estimates of the cognitive processes postulated by Sternberg were derived, even when specific instructions to do so were given. This had the effect of reducing the overall reliability of the results, although different models of processing were favored for groups of different intelligence levels.A third experiment found that more reliable results could be obtained from above-average intelligence subjects if the method of presenting the analogies was altered. However, subjects with below-average intelligence were unable to perform the task using this altered method. In a final experiment, a reduction in the complexity of the task, although still retaining the altered method of presenting analogies, enabled these latter subjects to perform the task. More reliable results were obtained and these partly supported the processing differences found in the first two experiments. It was concluded, however, that the componential method was a less successful means of investigating the analogical reasoning processes of below-average than above-average intelligence subjects. 相似文献
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林崇德的思维结构模型,是其智力理论的核心。因此,林崇德的智力理论,是一种聚焦思维结构的智力理论。不过,林崇德的智力理论,远不止其思维结构模型。他所提出的“智力结构是一个多元结构”的观点、“思维核心说”、“概括基础说”和“思维发展的模式”,也同样是其智力理论的重要内容。通观林崇德的智力理论,不难看出其四大特点:第一,理论性与实践性的有机统一;第二,两点论与重点论的有机统一;第三,智力培养与智力评价的有机统一;第四,不变性与可变性的有机统一。 相似文献
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《Personality and individual differences》1987,8(4):581-583
General intelligence (the unrotated first principal component) was partialled out of the cognitive abilities factors—verbal ability, spatial ability, perceptual speed, and visual memory—obtained for the 15 tests of cognitive abilities used in the Hawaii Family Study of Cognition (HFSC). The resulting cognitive abilities profiles indicated that HFSC subjects of Caucasian ancestry scored higher relative to subjects of Japanese ancestry on the verbal and visual memory factors, but lower on the spatial and perceptual speed factors. This ethnic group difference in the shape of the cognitive abilities profiles was found to be highly consistent across sexes and generations, in spite of the large mean differences across these groups in factor scores. 相似文献