从《论语》探析孔子素质教育思想的现代理论价值

人们普遍认为“素质教育”是一种新的教育模式,其实,早在两千多年前孔子就比较全面地提出了素质教育思想。《论语》正是孔子这一思想的集中体现。本文从教育对象、教育内容、教育方法诸方面总结孔子的素质教育思想,以利于深刻地理解素质教育的内涵,推进教育教学改革。     

孔子教育思想对当代素质教育的启示

孔子的许多教育思想已经超越了时空限制,对我们当代推行素质教育仍然具有重大启示意义,具体体现在“有教无类”与素质教育对象的全体性、文行忠信和六书六艺与素质教育内容的全面性、君子人格与素质教育内核的目的性、学思结合与素质教育方法的开放性等方面。     

浅谈大学生综合素质教育的问题

大学生综合素质教育是高校大学生素质培养的重要组成部分，是大学文化熏陶学生的需要。大学生综合素质教育既是一种现代教育思想，又是一种现代的教育目标，它是现代社会经济、科技和教育发展必然产生的教育理念。本篇文章通过对大学生素质教育中存在的问题与缺陷，以及对提高大学生综合素质的思考进行探究，最后，提出对策来增强大学生的综合素质。     

浅谈在高校人文素质教育中中国文学史课程的重要性

现阶段，高校的人文素质教育需要提高，中国文学史课程包涵了丰富的中国传统文化，对高校学生的人文素质教育有很重要的作用，而其中关键是学生要加强对古代经典作品的阅读。高校教师应结合经典作品对学生施行国情教育、挫折教育、就业教育，形成一种学习古典文化之风，能够循序渐进地提高高校学生的人文素质。     

浅谈如何在中学体育教学中实施素质教育

素质教育足一种教育思想、教育观念,足以全面提高人的素质为目的的教育,是一种体现时代要求的高质量的教育。要从传统的以体育知识技能灌输传授为中心,转向培养学生自主学习、自主锻炼,发展独立思考能力和创造能力的教育。作为教育的重要组成部分的学校体育,既是素质教育的重要内容,又足实施素质教育的重要手段,具有其它学科不可代替的作用。     

利用合并大学的优势发展医学人文素质教育

现代社会的发展为当前较为滞后的高校医学人文素质教育提出了新的要求.同时,大学的合并又为大学生人文素质教育提供了诸多优势.合并大学的医学高等教育应利用合并优势,从转变教育观念、优化课程设置、加强师资力量、构建人文校园四个方面着手,积极应对时代挑战,加强对医学生的人文素质教育.     

西部少数民族地区高校人文素质教育现状调查研究——基于西部12所高校调查数据的分析

人文素质教育是高校素质教育的重要组成部分,是培养新时代高素质人才,塑造社会主义合格建设者和接班人的必然要求。我国西部地区少数民族众多,文化资源丰富,为西部高校人文素质教育的建设和发展提供了丰富的资源。从西部少数民族地区12所高校人文素质教育现状调研入手,对人文素质教育的必要性、学生满意度、人文素质教育开展途径三个方面进行调研,西部高校人文素质教育目前存在若干问题。针对这些问题提出几点建议,为弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化,践行中国梦做准备。     

高等师范院校中的艺术教育

现在,素质教育得到了广泛重视.素质教育既是教育改革的自身需要,也是人们对21世纪人才的培养、提高民族整体素质的迫切愿望.在由应试教育向素质教育转轨的过程中,艺术教育对素质教育的推进作用愈来愈受到重视.作为为基础教育输送教学人才的高等师范院校,加强艺术教育,以艺术教育促进学生良好素质的养成显得尤为重要.     

生命科学馆的医学人文价值调查与分析——以贵阳医学院为例

生命科学馆包蕴着丰富的人史精神要素,其人文价值核心是尊重生命、热爱生命,对医学生的价值观、人生观、生命现有着生动的人文示范作用,实现了科学教育与人文素质教育的整合,是人文素质教育的医学实践实体.通过弘扬生命科学馆的人文精神,构建以求真、崇善、尚美的医学生素质教育模式.     

高校中国音乐史课实施素质教育的途径探析

中国音乐史课是音乐系学生的一门重要的专业基础课,是高校实施素质教育的有机组成部分。本文从教材建设、师资建设等方面阐述了中国音乐史课实施素质教育的方法和途径,对中国音乐史课实施素质教育进行了有益的探索和尝试。     

Assessing the Impact of Relative Social Position and Absolute Community Resources on Depression and Obesity Among Smokers

We tested two competing hypotheses-relative social position and community resources-in regards to their effect on two co-occurring health problems (depression, and obesity) in a sample of smokers participating in an online smoking cessation intervention. Income and education data at the zip code level from the 2000 Census was linked with individual level data. Logistic regression models were used for each co-occurring problem to determine how each SES variable (individually and interactively) was associated with the presence of co-occurring health problems. We found that lower individual education was related to poorer health for all outcomes (Depression: OR = 1.25; Obesity: OR = 1.24; Both: OR = 1.46), lower community education was only related to obesity (OR = 1.20). Lower individual income was related to higher rates of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.64) and both health problems (OR = 1.55); a significant interaction of individual and community income (Wald = 6.13, p < .05) revealed that high income individuals were less likely to be depressed if they lived in lower-income communities and became more likely to be so as community income increased. Relative social position was confirmed for depression, whereas community resources were prominent only for obesity. Higher individual education most consistently predicted positive health outcomes, making it a potentially powerful target to reduce health disparities.     

Comparative research on individual modernity of adolescents between town and countryside in China

A test of 300 young students on individual modernity in China was carried out. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in individual modernity between the students from town and those from the countryside, as well as between males and females. There were also differences in individual modernity between each two of the levels of education. The students from town were more modern than those from the countryside. The males were more traditional than the females. With the rising educational level, the students' traditionality will decrease and modernity will increase.     

Students’ individual interest in physical education: Development and validation of a questionnaire

Identifying the specificity of students’ individual interest in physical education is necessary to capture the different facets of this construct. In contrast to existing questionnaires in education which assess the multidimensionality of individual interest, the current scale used in physical education consists of a single‐item measurement which rates students’ individual interest for multiple physical activities taught during lessons. Even if this single‐item rating provides a basis for classifying interest relative to others, it does not provide information about the nature and internal components of individual interest. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire measuring the multidimensionality of students’ individual interest in physical education. Four stages were followed: (1) the development of a preliminary version based on the findings of a literature review on individual interest and a committee process validation; (2) a first study conducted on 481 secondary school students to establish the factor structure, and internal reliability of this questionnaire; (3) a second study based on 243 secondary school students to confirm its factor structure and to test its temporal stability; and finally, (4) a third study with 253 students to test its concurrent validity. The final form of the questionnaire consists of a three‐factor structure based on 14 items that measure students’ individual interest in physical education: positive affect and willingness to reengage (five items), stored utility value (four items), and stored attainment value and knowledge‐seeking intentions (five items).     

青少年人格现代性的城乡差异比较

以台湾学者杨国枢等编制的多元人格现代性和多元个人传统性量表为工具,对来自湛江城乡的300位初二、高二、和大二的青少年学生进行测查,结果表明:青少年学生主要以现代性人格为主,人格的现代性存在明显的性别差异及受教育水平间的差异.就性别差异而言,男性较女性更为传统,而女性较男性更为现代;随着年龄和受教育水平的提高,青少年的人格传统性降低而现代性增强.在人格传统性上,性别与家庭所在地存在交互作用,乡村女性的传统性高于城镇女性,而城镇男性的传统性高于乡村男性.     

健康教育对大学生心身健康影响的研究

为探讨健康教育对大学生心身健康影响的效果,将非医学专业的大学生分为健康教育干预组(97名)和对照组(93名);干预组进行了近12周健康教育选修课,采用了课堂教学、团体和个别辅导、同伴教育等,分别采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行前后对照测试.结果发现,教育后的多项指标明显低于教育前,说明健康教育对大学生心身健康水平是很有效果的.     

The Effectiveness of Couple and Individual Relationship Education: Distress as a Moderator

Current literature yields mixed results about the effectiveness of relationship education (RE) with low‐income participants and those who experience a high level of individual or relational distress. Scholars have called for research that examines whether initial levels of distress act as a moderator of RE outcomes. To test whether initial levels of relationship and/or individual distress moderate the effectiveness of RE, this study used two samples, one of couples who received couple‐oriented relationship education with their partner (n = 192 couples) and one of individuals in a relationship who received individual‐oriented RE by themselves (n = 60 individuals). We delivered RE in a community‐based setting serving primarily low‐income participants. For those attending with a partner, there was a significant interaction between gender, initial distress, and time. Findings indicate that women who were relationally distressed before RE reported the largest pre‐postgains. Those who attended an individual‐oriented RE program reported significant decreases in individual distress from pre to post, but no significant relationship gains. Findings also suggest that initial levels of distress did not moderate the effectiveness of individual‐oriented RE.     

How Creativity Was Affected by Environmental Factors and Individual Characteristics: A Cross-cultural Comparison Perspective

The purpose of this study was to explore how environmental factors (family environment and school education) and individual characteristics (personality, creative attitudes, and divergent thinking) collectively affect creative achievement of American and Chinese college students. Data were collected from 378 college students in the United States (N = 193) and China (N = 185). Results showed that the US sample had significantly higher means in home resources, high-school education, Conscientiousness, creative achievement, and all four dimensions of the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA) than the China sample. In contrast, the China sample scored significantly higher in understanding the importance of creativity. Results indicated creative attitudes and divergent thinking sequentially mediated the effects of parental values on creative achievement for the US sample, whereas Openness mediated the effect of high-school education on creative achievement for the China sample. For both samples, creative attitudes mediated the effect of Openness on divergent thinking. The results suggested cultural differences in the effects of environmental factors on creativity, yet more similar findings in the effects of individual characteristics on creativity between the two samples. The results and implications are discussed.     

New Zealand Maori and European mothers and their 3-year-old children: Interactive behaviors in pre-school settings

The interactive behaviors used by 34 indigenous Polynesian and 41 European mothers were observed during spontaneous play sessions at New Zealand pre-schools. Mothers from higher and lower education-level backgrounds were included in each of the two ethnic groups and the mothers were videotaped with their 3-year-old sons or daughters. Maternal interactive behaviors were subsequently coded using Zegiob and Forehand's (1975) measure. Overall, the incidence of maternal interactions in command form was high. Marked individual differences within groups, and some important between-group differences, were evident on several behaviors, but child gender was not associated with major variations in maternal interactive behavior. The results affirmed, in the New Zealand context, the association between mothers' education levels and their interactive behavior, and here, the control of maternal education level and type of pre-school attended worked against “deficit” interpretations.     

Correlates of conformity in three cultures

The present study sought to investigate the correlates of conformity among two South African and an Australian sample. Employing paper and pencil measures, the following were found to be significant correlates of conformity across the three various groups: Conformers generally have a low level of education, are characterised by their authoritarian attitudes, but do not have authoritarian personalities as measured by the Ray (1976) Directiveness scale. Conformers can be of either sex. By contrast, self-esteem and patriotism were found to be unique correlates, that is, they reflect the cultural milieu of the individual.     

Learning from Worked-Out Examples: A Study on Individual Differences

The goal of this study was to Investigate individual differences in learning from worked-out examples with respect to the quality of self-explanations. Restrictions of former studies (e.g., lacking control of time-on-task) were avoided and additional research questions (e.g., reliability and dimensionality of self-explanation characteristics) were addressed. An investigation with 36 university freshmen students of education working in individual sessions was conducted. The domain was probability calculation. Prior knowledge and the quality of self-explanations (protocols of the individuals' thinking aloud) were assessed as predictors of learning. A post-test was employed to measure the learning gains as the dependent variable. The following main results were obtained. Most self-explanation characteristics could be regarded as relatively stable person characteristics. The individual differences in the quality of self-explanations were, however, found to be multidimensional. Most Important, even when controlling for time-on-task (quantitative aspect), learning gains could be substantially predicted by qualitative differences of self-explanation characteristics. In particular, successful learners tended to employ more prlnciplebased explanations, more explication of operator-goal combinations, and more anticipative reasoning. In addition, there were two types of effective learners, labeled anticipative reasoners and principle-based explainers.