共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 234 毫秒
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左脑还是右脑?—— 自我觉知神经机制的述评 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
自我觉知是个体对自己有所认识或意识的内部主观状态, 自我认知加工的任务都激发了自我觉知, 因此, 其复杂性导致脑机制研究存在很多的争议。对自我觉知神经机制的研究多从认知神经精神医学和涉及自我觉知任务的脑成像的角度进行, 很多研究发现自我觉知更多地激活了右脑, 针对具体的任务而激活不同脑区;但复杂的、高水平的自我觉知任务往往涉及内部言语加工, 需要左脑的加入。现在越来越多的研究认为皮质中线结构对自我觉知具有重要作用。今后有关自我觉知神经机制的研究可望从自我觉知的性质、所涉及的具体任务水平及社会文化背景的差异等方面有所进展。 相似文献
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心理韧性儿童的社会能力自我觉知 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
旨在考察心理韧性儿童与缺乏心理韧性儿童相比社会能力自我觉知特点, 以探究社会能力自我觉知的心理韧性发展意蕴。利用量表法和内隐联结测验(IAT), 对经由汇聚操作法筛选出的99名心理韧性儿童和176名缺乏心理韧性儿童, 分别测量社会能力外显自我觉知与内隐自我觉知, 并从2个信息源多角度测量其实际社会能力。结果发现:心理韧性儿童比缺乏心理韧性儿童有更高水平的社会能力外显自我觉知, 社会能力自我觉知与心理社会发展功能总体上存在极其显著的正向关联; 心理韧性组儿童自我觉知的社会能力低于其实际社会能力但两者显著正相关, 缺乏心理韧性组儿童自我觉知的社会能力接近于其实际社会能力但两者不存在显著相关, 两组儿童自我觉知的社会能力与实际社会能力之差的差异极其显著; 心理韧性儿童在内隐社会能力自我觉知测验不相容任务与相容任务上反应时之差显著大于缺乏心理韧性儿童。这提示, 外显上谨慎一致的高水平社会能力自我觉知和内隐上更倾向于认为自己有能力或为心理韧性发展的主体性机制原因之一。 相似文献
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该研究采用后掩蔽范式,将自信心评定法与心理物理学的方法相结合,测得了高、低特质焦虑水平个体的6种基本表情(愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、高兴、悲伤、惊讶)的觉知阈限,并进行了比较。结果发现:在恐惧表情条件下,高特质焦虑个体的觉知阈限显著小于低特质焦虑个体的,在其他表情条件下,高、低特质焦虑个体的觉知阈限没有显著差异;在低特质焦虑组,愤怒表情的觉知阈限显著大于厌恶、恐惧和高兴的,恐惧和高兴表情的觉知阈限显著小于愤怒、悲伤和惊讶的。在高特质焦虑组,愤怒表情的觉知阈限显著大于厌恶、恐惧和高兴的,高兴表情的觉知阈限小于愤怒、悲伤和惊讶的,恐惧表情的觉知阈限显著小于其他表情的;女性的觉知阈限显著小于男性的。因此,较低特质焦虑水平的个体,高特质焦虑水平的个体觉知恐惧表情的能力更强;面部表情觉知存在性别差异,女性的觉知能力较男性更强。 相似文献
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实验1采用打破习惯范式任务和单词搜索任务考察自我觉知对自我损耗的克服作用。实验2采用社会排斥情境任务考察自我觉知在社会排斥中对自我损耗的影响。结果发现:(1)在自我损耗条件下,自我觉知启动组被试Stroop任务成绩显著好于无启动组;(2)在社会排斥情境下,接受组和控制组被试Stroop任务成绩显著好于排斥组。在自我觉知启动条件下,排斥组、接受组和控制组被试的Stroop任务成绩无显著差异。结果证实了自我觉知在社会排斥中对自我损耗的克服作用。 相似文献
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小学生道德自我觉知与情绪体验的关系及影响因素 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
该研究采用道德情境故事问卷,以192名小学生为被试,考察了道德自我觉知与情绪体验的关系及其影响因素。结果发现:(1)小学生道德自我觉知的内容和程度与其情绪体验的性质紧密相关;(2)行为情境对小学生的道德自我觉知具有普遍影响,行为意图对小学生的道德自我觉知具有特定影响。 相似文献
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主要探讨大学生恋爱状态(恋爱中或单身)、个体外表吸引力自我觉知与外表拒绝敏感性之间的关系。采用恋爱状态问卷、外表拒绝敏感性量表、拒绝敏感度量表、基于外表的社会比较以及吸引力自评等测量工具,以班级为单位向随机选取的北京、四川以及安徽等地多所高校大学生进行施测,有效被试549人。结果发现:(1)大学生恋爱状态、外表吸引力自我觉知和外表拒绝敏感性之间相关显著;(2)大学生恋爱状态能够显著正向预测外表吸引力自我觉知,也能显著负向预测外表拒绝敏感性;(3)外表吸引力自我觉知在恋爱状态与外表拒绝敏感性之间具有显著的完全中介作用(间接效应值为0.47),恋爱状态通过提升个体主观评估的外表吸引力,从而降低外表拒绝敏感性。 相似文献
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道德教育:在日常生活与非日常生活之间 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
道德教育应当回归生活世界,已成为解决当前道德教育弊病的一种共识。但是如何回归,这是一个有待深入探讨的问题。从道德教育与生活世界共在同构的基础上,我们可把生活世界划分为日常生活世界与非日常生活世界,因此,针对当今道德教育的弊端,我们认为道德教育应当在日常生活与非日常生活之间的张力结构中博弈式存在。 相似文献
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日常认知一直是临床心理学家和老年心理学家关注的重点之一, 日常认知的研究主要集中于概念、评估方法和工具、日常认知与智力和执行功能的关系以及相关的干预训练等方面。日常认知概念的深化和相应评估工具的出现, 推动了日常认知研究的深入发展:一方面研究者通过寻找对日常认知有重要作用的基本认知变量, 探究日常认知与智力的关系; 另一方面, 与日常认知有关的训练项目的开发也一直是研究者和老年群体关注的话题, 现有的训练研究提供了很多有启发性的结果。日常认知是老年人身心健康的重要影响因素, 对于保持或提高老年人的生活质量非常重要。 相似文献
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Tess Gregory Ted Nettelbeck Carlene Wilson 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):999-1002
We tested whether level and/or changes in inspection time (IT) in an elderly sample (70–85 years at baseline) predicted future independence in everyday functioning, independent from chronological age. Sixty-eight participants were initially assessed on IT and cognitive abilities in 2003, reassessed on IT in 2005, and then completed the Everyday Problems Test, a test of independence in everyday living, in 2008. Controlling for age, lower fluid reasoning at baseline (Raven’s-subset) and slowing IT over 18 months independently predicted poorer everyday functioning in 2008, together accounting for one-third variance. This supports the proposition that IT has utility as a biomarker for less favourable ageing. 相似文献
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Key issues in the behavioral sciences are if there exist stable risk preferences that generalize across domains and if these are best measured by revealed risk preference (RRP) in behavioral decision tasks or by surveys eliciting stated risk preference (SRP). We applied network analysis to data from a representative Swedish sample to investigate the relations between RRP, SRP, personality characteristics, and cognitive abilities, using in total over 70 measurements. The results showed that different measures of RRP were poorly intercorrelated and formed a community together with measures of numerical and cognitive abilities. Measures of SRP were weakly correlated with measures of RRP and identified in a distinctly separate community, along with personality characteristics and gender. The ensuing analyses provided support for a model suggesting that RRPs are contaminated by demands on numerical and cognitive abilities. RRPs may thus suffer from poor construct validity, whereas SRPs may better capture people's everyday risk preferences because they are related to more stable traits. 相似文献
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This article reports the results from a four-year investigation of the relationships among four measures of social cognitive and communication abilities—cognitive differentiation, self-monitoring, perspective-taking, and persuasive ability—and the relationships of these measures to job level and upward mobility in a large East Coast insurance company. The data revealed significant relationships among all combinations of the communication-related abilities. Each was significantly related to job level, and three of the four were significantly related to upward mobility. Stepwise multiple-regression analyses revealed that, of the four communication-related abilities, cognitive differentiation accounted for the most variance in predicting job level and upward mobility. The findings suggest that communication abilities are important to the success of individuals in organizations. Persons with more developed abilities tended to be found at higher levels in the organizational hierarchy and tended lobe promoted more often than persons with less developed abilities. 相似文献
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成年人日常生活记忆的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
采用三项记忆作业,对120例20—85岁的被试进行日常记忆和实验室记忆的比较研究,目的为探讨日常记忆的年龄差异及其年老化特点。结果表明:(1)三项记忆成绩均随增龄而减退,其中年老老年组减退明显;(2)作业难度比较:经方差分析结果表明,它对记忆成绩有显著作用,作业难度自评与方差分析相符,“地名”最易,“人姓”居中,“无意义图形再认”最难,因为“地名”为日常生活记忆,难度小于后者(为实验室记忆)。老年人日常生活记忆减退缓慢,他们可利用知识经验补偿记忆减退,使之保持较好。 相似文献
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JONAS W. B. LANG MARTIN KERSTING UTE R. HÜLSHEGER JESSICA LANG 《Personnel Psychology》2010,63(3):595-640
The nested-factors model is a well-established structural model of cognitive abilities in cognitive ability research but has not yet been used to investigate the role of cognitive abilities in job performance. Core assumptions of the nested-factors model are that a broad general mental ability (GMA) exists besides narrower abilities and that this GMA differs from the narrower cognitive abilities in breadth but not in subordination. The authors of this article propose that a recently emerging statistical technique—relative importance analysis—corresponds to the assumptions of the nested-factors model. To empirically study the implications of using the nested-factors model, the authors applied relative importance analysis to a meta-analytic matrix linking measures of 7 narrower cognitive abilities from an established ability taxonomy (Thurstone's primary mental abilities), GMA, and job performance. Results revealed that GMA accounted for 10.9% to 28.6% of the total variance explained in job performance and that GMA was not consistently the most important predictor. The discussion focuses on potential theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the nested-factors model for personnel psychology. 相似文献