共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
以二维模型为主对儿童绘画编码特点及发展进程的探讨。研究对象为4—7岁儿童,按年龄分为4组,共163人。主要实验有二:一是选择同一实物的三维和二维两类模型让被试摹写;二是选择语义熟悉程度和语义多寡不同的二维模型让被试摹写。个别实验,实验顺序随机安排。研究结果表明:儿童对维度不同的模型绘画编码具有共同的特点,表现出三种编码形式:其一,将模型的各构件分离,各自独立编码;其二,依模型的典型特征编码;其三,按各模型真实形象编码。儿童对不同维度模型绘画编码发展的进程不同。对二维模型绘画编码水平和发展速度比三维模型提早1年。模型语义的多寡及熟悉程度影响儿童二维模型绘画编码。 相似文献
3.
4.
以123名3~6岁儿童为被试,采用图片判断和个别访谈任务,从本体区分和归因的角度,对3~6岁儿童对言语行为的元认知发展进行了探查。结果表明:3~6岁儿童对言语行为和物理发音区分较早,但对于言语行为和生物发音的区分水平普遍较低;34、岁儿童对语言习得的遗传因素认知水平较低,5岁开始发展,6岁有显著提高;3~6岁儿童对语言习得的环境因素认知水平都较低。 相似文献
5.
“心理理论”是发展心理学的研究热点,在儿童获得心理理论的年龄和发展阶段问题上仍存在争议。该研究以3所城市幼儿园中的233名3-6岁儿童为被试,采用“意外转移”和“欺骗外表”两个错误信念测验任务考察儿童“心理理论”的获得年龄和发展阶段。研究得出如下结论:3岁之前儿童已理解外表与真实的区别,但还不能理解错误信念。 4岁儿童理解了欺骗外表任务中自己和他人的错误信念,5岁儿童理解了意外转移任务中的错误信念。4-5岁是儿童获得“心理理论”的关键年龄,但这会因测验任务的不同而有所差异。儿童的错误信念理解不存在显著的性别差异。 相似文献
6.
随机选取180名3-6岁儿童为被试,采用个别测查考查其数量估算能力.结果显示:(1)3-6岁儿童具备数量估算能力,但合理估算水平较低;(2)3-4岁儿童的估算多处于"大胆猜测"阶段,4-5岁儿童能有依据地估猜;(3)3-6岁儿童的估算水平受所估算数量大小影响较大;(4)3-6岁儿童的数量估算能力在有、无参照情况下均有显著年龄差异,无性别差异. 相似文献
7.
8.
通过以图片内容的再认作为项目记忆任务,图片与颜色背景的联结记忆作为来源记忆任务,并对两种记忆结果分别做信心判断,考察3~6岁儿童情景记忆及其监测能力的发展特点。结果表明:3岁儿童已具有项目记忆能力,4~6岁儿童其项目记忆能力显著优于3岁;6岁时才发展出来源记忆,两种记忆的发展不平衡。3~6岁儿童已经具备有效的项目记忆监测能力,但4~6岁儿童的监测准确性要高于3岁儿童;6岁儿童能够有效监测来源记忆,其准确性显著高于3~5岁儿童。结论:3~6岁儿童随年龄增长情景记忆及其监测能力不断发展,且来源记忆能力及有效监测能力的发展要滞后于项目记忆。 相似文献
9.
该研究随机抽取180名3~11岁儿童,采用几何图形、关系图形、词语、数字、故事五种材料,考察儿童类比推理发展的年龄特点和规律。结果发现:(1)4~5岁儿童开始能够进行类比推理,类比推理随年龄的增长逐渐发展,呈上升趋势;(2)儿童类比推理的发展表现出阶段性的特点;(3)儿童类比推理的发展不受材料影响,具有一定稳定性;(4)小学高年级儿童类比推理发展水平较高,学前儿童水平较低。 相似文献
10.
个体的情绪伪装能力是其情绪社会化发展极为重要的方面,选取某幼儿园123名3~6岁儿童为被试,通过“区分外表-真实情绪”任务和“错误信念”任务考察3~6岁儿童情绪伪装认知能力的发展特点,进而探讨情绪伪装认知与错误信念理解的关系.结果表明:(1)儿童情绪伪装认知能力随年龄增长而提高,3~5岁为儿童情绪伪装认知能力的快速发展期;(2)儿童在消极情境下区分内外情绪的能力显著高于在积极情境中的表现;同时,对两种情绪伪装动机(社会适应、自我保护)的认知能力无显著差异;(3)儿童情绪伪装认知和错误信念理解能力显著相关,两种错误信念(意外内容、意外地点)理解都能很好地预测情绪伪装认知能力. 相似文献
11.
The study examines children's ability to convey social – as opposed to basic – emotions in their human figure drawings. One hundred children aged 4‐, 6‐ and 8‐years were asked to draw a person experiencing shame, pride, jealousy, happiness, sadness and fear as well as a baseline figure ‘feeling nothing’. Drawings were rated in terms of (i) overall emotional expressiveness and (ii) variety and types (face, body/posture and context) of graphic cues used to convey emotion. The effect of age on overall expressiveness and use of these graphic cues was also investigated. The results showed that drawings depicting social emotions were rated as less expressive and presented fewer graphic cues than those conveying basic emotions. Children's developing ability to depict pride, shame and jealousy was largely driven by an increased use of contextual cues in their human figure drawings. As regards the effect of age, it was found that 6‐ and 8‐years old produced more expressive drawings containing a larger range of graphic cues than the 4‐year olds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
绘画是人们最适宜的心灵表达方式--绘画在心理治疗中的应用及其作用机理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
魏源 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2005,26(3):59-60
绘画作为一种心理治疗方法有其独特作用,不仅可以处理人们的情绪和心理创伤问题,而且可以使心理障碍患者的自我形象、自尊或自我概念、社交技能等得到提升,促进语言的发展与认知功能的改善.机理是,绘画是人们最适宜的心灵表达方式,它作为一种人类心理意象的主要表现形式,发展象征性的语言,能触及人所不知的心灵感受,并能创造性地将它们整合到人格里,直至发生治疗性的变化. 相似文献
15.
Aldert Vrij Samantha Mann Sharon Leal Ronald P. Fisher Haneen Deeb 《Applied cognitive psychology》2020,34(3):628-642
In none of the deception studies that used drawings to date, was the effect of sketching on both speech content and drawing content examined, making it unclear what the full potential is of the use of drawings as a lie detection tool. A total of 122 truth tellers and liars took part in the study who did or did not sketch while narrating their allegedly experienced event. We formulated hypotheses about the total amount of information and number of complications reported and about various features of the drawings. Participants in the Sketch-present condition provided more information than participants in the Sketch-absent condition, and truth tellers reported more details than liars, but only in the Sketch-present condition. In contrast to previous research, no Veracity differences occurred regarding the content of the drawings, perhaps because sketching was introduced as a tool that facilitated verbal recall and not as a stand-alone tool. 相似文献
16.
Sonja Grover 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2003,1(1):119-130
This article argues that investigators doing developmental and social research with children have, for the most part, failed to acknowledge the inherent implications of their work for children's rights. The impact of these studies upon children's rights occurs at every stage; from hypothesis formulation to hypothesis testing to dissemination of findings. This paper addresses the issue in the context of developmental research on children's ability to report experienced events accurately. This particular research area has generated data that has been extrapolated to legal contexts and created a foundation for assumptions about the credibility of child witnesses. This in turn has had profound effects on children's right to be heard and the weight given to their testimony. The argument is made that there is a need for social scientists to explicitly articulate how their work may impact upon children's rights and what is in fact the social agenda in this regard underlying their research. 相似文献
17.
语言表达方式对科学概念语义提取时间的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究语言表达方式对科学概念语义提取的影响。结果表明,科学概念也具有一定的典型性效应。在词的快速分类和句子证实作业中,名称中有上属标记有利于概念的语义提取。 相似文献
18.
In a between-subjects design, 4- to 6-year-olds were asked to draw from three-dimensional (3D) models, two-and-a-half-dimensional (212D) models with or without depth cues, or two-dimensional (2D) models of a familiar object (a saucepan) in noncanonical orientations (handle at the back or at the front). Results showed that canonical errors were produced mainly by the youngest children in the 3D models copying condition. A large proportion of errors did not, however, reflect biases toward the participants' "own" view of the object; rather, these errors reflected biases toward their "best" view of the object. Drawing from models having fewer than three dimensions resulted in a significant increase in view-specific productions in all children for the back orientation. When a more complex front orientation of the object was proposed, sensitivity to model type developed gradually with age. Results are discussed in terms of the flexibility of the mental model that mediates between children's perception of a model object and the depiction decisions. 相似文献