共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
Steve Clarke 《Sophia》2009,48(2):127-142
There is overwhelming agreement amongst naturalists that a naturalistic ontology should not allow for the possibility of supernatural
entities. I argue, against this prevailing consensus, that naturalists have no proper basis to oppose the existence of supernatural
entities. Naturalism is characterized, following Leiter and Rea, as a position which involves a primary commitment to scientific
methodology and it is argued that any naturalistic ontological commitments must be compatible with this primary commitment.
It is further argued that properly applied scientific method has warranted the acceptance of the existence of supernatural
entities in the past and that it is plausible to think that it will do so again in the future. So naturalists should allow
for the possibility of supernatural entities.
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Steve ClarkeEmail: |
2.
Mark Owen Webb 《Sophia》2009,48(1):35-42
A philosophical theory of religion ought to meet four criteria: it should be extensionally accurate, neutral, phenomenological,
and non-circular. I argue that none of the popular theories of religion meet all these criteria, and that, in particular,
the extensional accuracy criterion and the non-circularity criterion can’t be met without sacrificing extensional accuracy.
I conclude that, therefore, religions do not form a kind, and so, there is no such thing as religion.
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Mark Owen WebbEmail: |
3.
Luca Moretti 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(1):97-114
Minimal entities are, roughly, those that fall under notions defined by only deflationary principles. In this paper I provide
an accurate characterization of two types of minimal entities: minimal properties and minimal facts. This characterization
is inspired by both Schiffer’s notion of a pleonastic entity and Horwich’s notion of minimal truth. I argue that we are committed
to the existence of minimal properties and minimal facts according to a deflationary notion of existence, and that the appeal
to the inferential role reading of the quantifiers does not dismiss this commitment. I also argue that deflationary existence
is language-dependent existence—this clarifies why minimalists about properties and facts are not realists about these entities
though their language may appear indistinguishable from the language of realists.
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Luca MorettiEmail: |
4.
Adam Kadlac 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(1):35-52
This paper explores Descartes’s work with an eye towards abiding issues in moral epistemology. In so doing, I focus on the
role played by the so-called provisional morality that surfaces in “Discourse on the Method”. What I argue is that despite
the tenuousness with which it seems to be held, Descartes remained committed to the truth of this morality even in the midst
of his most strenuous philosophical reflections. Put in the contemporary epistemological terms which provide the context of
my discussion, I argue that Descartes believed in the goodness of his provisional morality as opposed to merely accepting
its maxims.
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Adam KadlacEmail: |
5.
Catherine Elgin 《Philosophical Studies》2007,132(1):33-42
If understanding is factive, the propositions that express an understanding are true. I argue that a factive conception of
understanding is unduly restrictive. It neither reflects our practices in ascribing understanding nor does justice to contemporary
science. For science uses idealizations and models that do not mirror the facts. Strictly speaking, they are false. By appeal
to exemplification, I devise a more generous, flexible conception of understanding that accommodates science, reflects our
practices, and shows a sufficient but not slavish sensitivity to the facts.
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Catherine ElginEmail: |
6.
Nathan Hanna 《Philosophical Studies》2009,145(3):325-349
I argue that contemporary liberal theory cannot give a general justification for the institution or practice of punishment,
i.e., a justification that would hold across a broad range of reasonably realistic conditions. I examine the general justifications
offered by three prominent contemporary liberal theorists and show how their justifications fail in light of the possibility
of an alternative to punishment. I argue that, because of their common commitments regarding the nature of justification,
these theorists have decisive reasons to reject punishment in favor of a non-punitive alternative. I demonstrate the possibility
of this alternative by means of a careful examination of the nature of punishment, isolating one essential characteristic—the
aim to impose suffering—and showing how this characteristic need not guide enforcement. There is logical space for a forceful
and coercive, yet non-punitive method of enforcement. This fact poses difficulties for many classical and contemporary justifications
of punishment, but it poses particularly crippling problems for general liberal justifications.
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Nathan HannaEmail: |
7.
Gregory Landini 《Axiomathes》2009,19(2):115-142
This is a critical discussion of Nino B. Cocchiarella’s book “Formal Ontology and Conceptual Realism.” It focuses on paradoxes
of hyperintensionality that may arise in formal systems of intensional logic.
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Gregory LandiniEmail: |
8.
Stewart Cohen 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(1):121-125
I raise several objections to Sosa’s account of knowledge as aptness. I argue that aptness is neither necessary nor sufficient
for knowledge. I also raise some objection to Sosa’s treatment of dreaming skepticism.
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Stewart CohenEmail: |
9.
Anthony Everett 《Erkenntnis》2009,71(2):191-203
I argue for the existence of intrinsic Finks, Masks, and Mimics, and argue that these undermine certain recent attempts to
revive simple conditional analyses of dispositions. I present some examples of intrinsic Finks, Masks, and Mimics, and argue
that the example of an intrinsic fink I present has certain advantages over the examples of intrinsic finks recently suggested
by Randolph Clarke. I conclude that the existence of such Finks, Masks, and Mimics, undermine a recent attempt by Sungho Choi
to distinguish dispositional properties from categorical properties.
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Anthony EverettEmail: |
10.
Simon Roberts-Thomson 《Res Publica》2008,14(2):69-82
The institution of slavery is an unjust institution. The aim of this paper is to provide an explanation of why it is unjust.
I argue that slavery is unjust because it makes it impossible for slaves to realise both their interest in self-respect and
their interest in being at home in the world. Furthermore, I argue that this explanation of the injustice of slavery also
provides us with an argument for political equality.
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Simon Roberts-ThomsonEmail: |
11.
Margaret Catherine Morrison 《Philosophia》2006,34(3):337-353
This paper argues for two related theses. The first is that mathematical abstraction can play an important role in shaping the way we think about and hence understand certain phenomena, an enterprise that extends well beyond simply representing those phenomena for the purpose of calculating/predicting their behaviour. The second is that much of our contemporary understanding and interpretation of natural selection has resulted from the way it has been described in the context of statistics and mathematics. I argue for these claims by tracing attempts to understand the basis of natural selection from its early formulation as a statistical theory to its later development by R.A. Fisher, one of the founders of modern population genetics. Not only did these developments put natural selection of a firm theoretical foundation but its mathematization changed the way it was understood as a biological process. Instead of simply clarifying its status, mathematical techniques were responsible for redefining or reconceptualising selection. As a corollary I show how a highly idealised mathematical law that seemingly fails to describe any concrete system can nevertheless contain a great deal of accurate information that can enhance our understanding far beyond simply predictive capabilities.
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Margaret Catherine MorrisonEmail: |
12.
David Phillips 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(5):457-468
I argue that John Mackie’s treatment of practical reason is both attractive and unjustly neglected. In particular, I argue
that it is importantly different from, and much more plausible than, the kind of instrumentalist approach famously articulated
by Bernard Williams. This matters for the interpretation of the arguments for Mackie’s most famous thesis: moral scepticism,
the claim that there are no objective values. Richard Joyce has recently defended a version or variant of moral scepticism
by invoking an instrumentalist theory like Williams’. I argue that this is a serious strategic mistake.
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David PhillipsEmail: |
13.
Colin Klein 《Philosophical Studies》2008,140(2):161-177
Multiply realizable kinds are scientifically problematic, for it appears that we should not expect discoveries about them
to hold of other members of that kind. As such, it looks like MR kinds should have no place in the ontology of the special
sciences. Many resist this conclusion, however, because we lack a positive account of the role that certain realization-unrestricted
terms play in special science explanations. I argue that many such terms actually pick out idealizing models. Idealizing explanation
has many of the features normally associated with explanation by MR kinds. As idealized models are usually mere possibilia, such explanations do not run afoul of the metaphysical problems that plague MR kinds.
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Colin KleinEmail: |
14.
Wojciech Krysztofiak 《Axiomathes》2007,17(1):75-97
In the paper there is presented the semantic interpretation of idealism/realism controversy which is one of the most essential
issues in Ingarden’s phenomenological project of ontology. The procedure of semantic paraphrase which is contemporary developed
by Woleński, is the main interpretative tool. In the central part of the paper, there is formulated the formal theory of the
semantic framework underlying idealism/realism discourse. Finally, there are formulated some notes showing that intentional
conception of negation may be used for defending various idealistic positions.
相似文献
Wojciech KrysztofiakEmail: |
15.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Philosophical Studies》2008,137(1):141-148
Kyle Stanford’s arguments against scientific realism are assessed, with a focus on the underdetermination of theory by evidence.
I argue that discussions of underdetermination have neglected a possible symmetry which may ameliorate the situation.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
16.
K. Brad Wray 《Erkenntnis》2007,67(1):81-89
I argue that van Fraassen’s selectionist explanation for the success of science is superior to the realists’ explanation.
Whereas realists argue that our current theories are successful because they accurately reflect the structure of the world,
the selectionist claims that our current theories are successful because unsuccessful theories have been eliminated. I argue
that, unlike the explanation proposed by the realist, the selectionist explanation can also account for the failures of once successful theories and the fact that sometimes two competing theories are both equally successful.
相似文献
K. Brad WrayEmail: |
17.
Martin Montminy 《Philosophical Studies》2009,143(3):341-356
Some authors have recently claimed that relativism about knowledge sentences accommodates the context sensitivity of our use
of such sentences as well as contextualism, while avoiding the counterintuitive consequences of contextualism regarding our
inter-contextual judgments, that is, our judgments about knowledge claims made in other contexts. I argue that relativism,
like contextualism, involves an error theory regarding a certain class of inter-contextual judgments.
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Martin MontminyEmail: |
18.
Jason Kawall 《Philosophia》2006,34(2):153-156
In my “Promising and Supererogation” I argue that one cannot fulfill promises to perform supererogatory actions (such as “I hereby promise to perform one supererogatory action every month”). In a response to my paper, David Heyd argues that there is an alternative solution to the problem I raise. While I agree with much that Heyd says about the examples he discusses, his proposed solution involves a crucial alteration of the problem; his proposed solution does not solve the problem I present.
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Jason KawallEmail: |
19.
Phillip Montague 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):125-131
This paper is a rejoinder to Thaddeus Metz’s article “Censure Theory Still Best Accounts for Punishment of the Guilty: Reply
to Montague.” In his article, Metz attempts to answer objections to censure theory that I had raised previously. I argue in
my rejoinder that Metz’s defense of censure theory remains seriously problematic despite what he says in his reply.
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Phillip MontagueEmail: |
20.
Adam Pautz 《Philosophical Studies》2008,138(3):335-347
I develop a problem for the Fregean Reference Shift analysis of that-clause reference. The problem is discussed by Stephen
Schiffer in his recent book The Things We Mean (2003). Either the defender of the Fregean Reference Shift analysis must count certain counterintuitive inferences as valid, or
else he must reject a plausible Exportation rule. I consider several responses. I find that the best response relies on a
Kaplan-inspired analysis of quantified belief reports. But I argue that this response faces some serious problems.
相似文献
Adam PautzEmail: |