Group-Based Trust in Strangers: The Role of Stereotypes and Expectations

ABSTRACT— Across two studies, we provide evidence for group-based trust in strangers. Specifically, when we offered participants a choice between an unknown monetary allocation made by an in-group (university or major) or an out-group allocator, both of whom had total control over the distribution of an identical sum of money, participants strongly preferred the in-group allocator. This preference occurred regardless of whether the stereotype of the in-group was relatively more positive or more negative than that of the out-group. However, this preference did not persist when participants believed that the allocator was unaware of their group membership. Measures of expected share of the allocator's funds support our hypothesis that differential trust of in-group members results from expectations of altruistic and fair behavior toward fellow in-group members rather than from positive stereotypes of the in-group.     

诚信无价

诚信是无价的,做一个诚信公民是这个社会前进的保障,做一个诚信的神的儿女是荣耀神的前提,这样做也必得神的祝福与眷顾!     

Judeo-Christian Clergy and Personal Crisis: Religion,Posttraumatic Growth and Well Being

This study investigated the psychological impact of personal traumatic events in a sample of 30 Judeo-Christian clergy. Use of religion-based coping strategies following a difficult life event was expected to facilitate posttraumatic growth, and posttraumatic growth was, in turn, expected to result in greater current well being. Both predictions were supported. In addition, higher levels of rumination soon after the event were associated with greater posttraumatic growth. The results indicated that clergy benefited from both positive and negative styles of religious coping, and that posttraumatic growth was not associated with greater well being for this sample. Deborah Proffitt, M.A., is in private practice in Charlotte, North Carolina. Arnie Cann, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Psychology Department at the University of North Carolina Charlotte. A social psychologist, he is involved in research on posttraumatic growth and interpersonal relationships. Lawrence G. Calhoun, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Psychology Department at the University of North Carolina Charlotte. A clinical psychologist, he has studied posttraumatic growth and responses to crises. Richard G. Tedeschi, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Psychology Department at the University of North Carolina Charlotte. A clinical psychologist, he has studied posttraumatic growth and bereavement issues.     

Trust in God and Trust in Man: The Ambivalent Role of Religion in Shaping Dimensions of Social Trust

We use data from the National Election Study (2000) to analyze relationships among measures of religious orientation and commitment and three aspects of social trust. Results from OLS and ordered logistic regression models indicate that individuals affiliated with specific denominations (e.g., Pentecostal and other Christian) tend to display significantly lower levels of certain types of social trust than members of mainline Protestant denominations, once a variety of controls have been applied. This pattern is reversed, however, among respondents who attend church more frequently and who report that religion provides them substantial guidance in their daily lives.     

Religion,Health, and the Psychology of Religion: How the Research on Religion and Health Helps Us Understand Religion

An increasing replication of studies find a correlation between religious belief and practice and mental and physical health and longevity. This paper discusses some of the implications of this research for the ways in which religion might understood psychologically. Most interpretations of this data focus on the presence of one or more mediating variables. This paper argues that the presence of these mediating factors helps us understand more precisely some of the ways in which religion actually does impact on human life and in what the psychological uniqueness of religion actually consists.     

论宗教与战争

宗教与战争都是一定社会历史阶段的产物。在一定社会历史条件下,一方面宗教可以影响战争的爆发和战争的领导者、参与者乃至进程与结果;另一方面,战争有时也能影响宗教的传播和兴衰。由于世界宗教的多样性、世界各国民族历史上社会政治制度发展的差异性以及战争背景的复杂性,使宗教与战争的关系变得更加错综复杂。本文透过大量的宗教与战争的历史现象,尝试对二者的复杂关系作出一种探索和阐释。     

从认识论看宗教存在的基本特征

宗教作为一种社会意识形态,是人类的欲求本性遭遇到实践中要求探明而当下无法探明的问题,为摆脱由此引起的焦虑不安,而在幻想中解决或超越这个问题时产生的。宗教作为一种人的社会组织,就要在现实中解决衣食住行,它是用维护自己信仰的方式来维护自己的利益的。是人们在幻想中解决人生问题实现自我超越的产物。     

Changes in the Family System and in Its Beliefs About Control,Trust, and Vulnerability Related to Economic Extortive Kidnapping

Abstract

This article reports some results of a study on the effects of economic extortive kidnapping (EEK) on the family system, and on family beliefs about control over one's life, trust in others, and vulnerability to kidnapping. Eighteen families having one of their relatives in captivity and 54 who had their relative released were interviewed. During captivity, family communication and affective involvement improved. However, the negotiation made family relationships more prone to conflict. After release, family relationships became more empathetic; family communication and affective involvement improved, but the loss of trust in their surroundings and the fear of becoming victims again, led families to feel safe only in their own home and to perceive social context as threatening.     

论责任与信任

责任与信任都是社会生活的基础 ,是人作为理性存在的理性要求。人的存在本质上既是孤独的 ,又力图摆脱孤独。孤独使人具有责任意识 ,成为道德的存在 ,摆脱孤独使人获得信任 ;责任与信任都与他者紧密联系 ,责任是为他者而存在 ,信任是与他者之共在 ;信任是社会交往的前提 ,保持信任虽不出于责任但却合乎责任 ,因而也具有道德价值。     

活着,就要捍卫科学真理——访著名反伪斗士朱国伟教授

随着揭批“法轮功”的不断深入,反对迷信、崇尚科学的热潮正席卷神州大地。您可知道,在湖北省有这样一位学者,他12年前就站在反封建迷信、反邪教、反对伪科学的最前沿,其维护科学真理、刚直敢言的精神闻名于国内学术界和湖北省科技界。“水变油”神话大肆上演时,他第一个撰文