乙肝歧视现象的问题与反思

我国乙肝病毒携带者群体在升学、就业、婚姻等方面遭受着社会歧视.分析乙肝歧视的社会成因,并就如何消除乙肝歧视和促进社会平等提出若干对策.     

医务人员对艾滋病人态度及其相关因素分析——以北京两所综合医院为例

为了解医务人员对艾滋病人及病毒携带者的态度,选取北京市两所三级甲等医院392名医务人员进行自填式问卷调查.结果显示,医务人员对艾滋病感染者及病人的歧视严重,同时医务人员对经性途径感染患者的歧视高于其它途径感染患者,也高于乙肝或梅毒病人.道德化评价和对于艾滋病的认识有限是产生艾滋病相关羞辱和歧视的重要原因.     

我国乙型肝炎病毒携带者健康权现状分析

乙型肝炎病毒携带者健康权包括医疗保障权、劳动权、受教育权以及包括婚姻、家庭、社会交往在内的其他生活平等权.本文分析了我国乙肝携带者健康权现状,对我国近年来的乙肝维权工作进行回顾,并从减轻医疗费用负担、规范医疗市场、完善法律法规、推动非政府组织的发展等方面对维护和保障乙肝携带者健康权提出建议.     

从医学话语看乙肝病毒携带者的污名

我国存在西医和中医两种知识话语体系,西医占据主导地位是乙肝病毒携带者污名形成的前提条件,民众持有的"乙肝病毒传播方式"的错误知识是污名建构形成的主要原因,传播正确的医学知识去掉萦绕在携带者身上的污名是根除乙肝病毒携带者遭受歧视的关键.     

我国乙型肝炎病毒携带者健康权现状分析

乙型肝炎病毒携带者健康权包括医疗保障权、劳动权、受教育权以及包括婚姻、家庭、社会交往在内的其他生活平等权。本文分析了我国乙肝携带者健康权现状,对我国近年来的乙肝维权工作进行回顾,并从减轻医疗费用负担、规范医疗市场、完善法律法规、推动非政府组织的发展等方面对维护和保障乙肝携带者健康权提出建议。     

工作前体检制度改革建议与保障平等就业权

我国是乙型肝炎病毒感染大国,约有1.2亿HBV病原体携带者,其中约2 000万为慢性乙肝病人[1-2].由于感染人群数目宠大、医学科普知识的匮乏和相关制度的不完善,HBV携带者在入学、就业等方面受到诸多歧视,引发了一些社会问题.     

工作前体检制度改革建议与保障平等就业权

我国是乙型肝炎病毒感染大国,约有1.2亿HBV病原体携带者,其中约2 000万为慢性乙肝病人[1-2]。由于感染人群数目宠大、医学科普知识的匮乏和相关制度的不完善,HBV携带者在入学、就业等方面受到诸多歧视,引发了一些社会问题。如2003年4月3日,浙江大学应届毕业生周一超因被查出“小三阳”而未能被录取为公务员,激愤之下举刀刺向当地人事局工作人员,造成一死一重伤的惨剧,他本人也在一年后被判死刑[3]。同年安徽省芜湖市一青年张某,在报考本地公务员时,笔试面试总成绩名列榜首,却因为乙肝携带的原因被当地人事部门拒绝录取。张某遂将当地人事…     

乙肝歧视:热过后的冷思考

乙肝歧视作为一个术语存在明显的语义学缺陷,在伦理学的视域中,乙肝歧视既非程序不公正,也非分配不公正,而是主体对客体缺少必要的仁慈.虽然通过医学手段彻底治愈乙型肝炎的时间无法准确地估测,但只要我们能够充分利用现有的医学和社会手段,就有望在30年左右的时间内将中国社会人群的乙肝病原携带率控制在1%以内,这大体上可看作是乙肝歧视的终结.     

医疗机构如何保护传染病病人的合法权益

保护传染病病人或病毒携带者的合法权益是目前社会的热点问题,也是重大的民生问题.医疗机构在维护传染病病人的合法权益上扮演重要的角色.医疗机构应该依照法律时病人进行医治,尊重患者,并保护其各种合法权益;医疗机构消除内部的传染病歧视,同时通过对内部人员教育或医疗过程、环境的改善,更好地为传染病病人服务.     

国内艾滋歧视研究中的几个误区及应对策略

艾滋歧视因其严重危害而成为研究热点,但当前国内各种研究往往存在几个方面的误区:普遍偏重于污名型歧视和认知缺乏型歧视的研究,而对其它歧视动机不够重视;对歧视与认知缺乏之间的关系进行简单分析;致力于全面性消除歧视而忽视了重点.因此,今后降低和消除歧视不仅应有针对性而且要抓住重点策略.     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.