医学科研或论文中常见的统计学问题

医学统计学在医学科研中占有重要地位,统计方法正确使用与否直接影响论文的结果和质量,但是具体使用过程中统计学方法或指标常常被混淆或使用不妥。本文就科研设计、数据描述、推演结论等方面容易混淆的统计学常见问题进行简要阐述,并举例分析可能出现误用的指标和方法,提高医务工作者对医学统计学的认识。     

医学科研或论文中常见的统计学问题

医学统计学在医学科研中占有重要地位,统计方法正确使用与否直接影响论文的结果和质量,但是具体使用过程中统计学方法或指标常常被混淆或使用不妥.本文就科研设计、数据描述、推演结论等方面容易混淆的统计学常见问题进行简要阐述,并举例分析可能出现误用的指标和方法,提高医务工作者对医学统计学的认识.     

商务英语硕士学位论文撰写情况分析

本文以1999-2008年间中国国家图书馆馆藏学位论文电子数据库中的商务英语硕士学位论文为对象,从选题内容、研究角度、写作时间和培养学校四个方面对从数据库中检索到的1129篇论文进行研究,分析我国商务英语硕士学位论文的撰写情况,既肯定了这期间所取得的可喜成就,也指出了存在的问题并提出相应建议,以求进一步完善我国商务英语硕士研究生的培养工作.     

人文医学与医学人文之概念比较和价值探析

近年来,伴随着医学人文学科的发展,学界对医学人文和人文医学的研究也不断深入。医学人文和人文医学的内涵与定义也为学界广为关注和研究。将这两个关注度较高、且存在争议的词进行概念比较、分析差别,以明辨研究内容,建立医学和人文学科交叉研究的研究基础。在争辩医学人文与人文医学概念的过程中,更应当注意的是医学和人文的关系,并以之建立关于医学的人文价值评判,以医学人文为基础,探析医学和人文学科的交互融合,通过价值评判推进人文对医学的影响,实现人文真正的走进医学,走进临床。     

“SCI论文与医疗、教学”全国学术研讨会综述

2014年11月22日,医学与哲学杂志社联合健康报社、中国医学论坛报社和北京大学医学人文研究院共同举办的"SCI论文与医疗、教学"全国学术研讨会在北京大学医学部召开。健康报社社长兼总编辑王硕、中国医学论坛报社常务副社长兼总编辑侯晓梅、国家卫生和计划生育委员会科技教育司王波、北京大学医学人文研究院院长张大庆教授以及大会主席《医学与哲学》主编杜治政教授出席会议并致开幕辞。会议由《医学与哲学》常务副主编赵明杰教授主持,来自全国50个单位的近百名专家、学者参加了此次会议。开幕式上,健康报社社长兼总编辑王硕在回顾"科     

医学人文社会科学实证研究如何走向深入——基于《医学与哲学》275篇实证研究论文的统计分析

对2006年1月～2012年6月《医学与哲学》(人文社会医学版)发表的275篇实证研究论文进行了统计,分析的主要内容包括研究方法、统计技术、数据呈现方式等研究设计方面存在的主要缺陷,以及研究选题分布情况、作者情况、基金项目情况等,分析结果揭示了目前医学人文社会科学实证研究方面存在的主要问题.     

人文医学与医学人文学几个问题之我见

结合医疗实际工作人文医学和医学人文学的关系应包括：(1)从人文医学的产生背景看,人文精神的内涵孕育于中国古典医学,并非现代之专有;(2)人文医学和医学人文学并非同一层次上的概念,不能交叉理解和使用;(3)从医学发展阶段的划分,提出不能将人文医学与现代医学割裂开,前者是后者的组成部分;现代医学并非生物医学;(4)人文医学的分类应增加军事医学等内容。     

卫生法学论文状况研究报告——《医学与哲学》对卫生法学学科发展的独特贡献

随着生物心理社会医学模式的确立,人们越来越认识到医学与人文社会科学的历史性结合的重要性.一批具有明显的医学和人文社会科学交叉渗透特点的新兴学科--医学人文学科(medical humanities)应运而生并迅速发展.所谓医学人文学科实际上是一类十分庞杂的、旨在关注和考察医疗保健和卫生服务中人类价值、探讨医学的"元"问题的学科群[1].卫生法学是医学人文学科群星中一颗璀璨的明珠.<医学与哲学>是医学人文学科的重要学术园地,创刊30年来,培育和出品了数量众多且有影响的学术成果,卫生法学在其中是一朵鲜艳夺目的奇葩.<医学与哲学>在国内其他反映卫生法学成果的十几种有关刊物中独领风骚.     

以医学人文教育为载体加强人文医学执业技能培养

人文医学执业技能的培养必须以医学人文精神为核心;以医学人文教育为载体.要结合医学人文教育的目标和内容;建立理论与实践相结合的人文医学执业技能教育模块;结合医学人文教育的方法和途径;加强人文医学执业技能培养的连续性和终身性;结合医学人文教育的具体要求完善服务基层卫生保健的人文医学执业技能培养体系.     

人文医学引论

人文医学是当代医学的基本组成部分,与生物医学相互交织,构成当代医学"双螺旋"。在庞大的医学体系中,人文医学是唯一以医学人文精神和医学人文关怀为研究对象的,其理论体系、研究内容和研究进路等方面具有显著的特征。医学人文是一种学术思潮、教改实践和文化运动;医学人文学科是由涉医的部门学科或应用学科组成的学术共同体;医学人文和医学人文学科均非一种实体学科。人文医学与医学人文因都涉及人文和医学而相互关联,但研究两者在内容、特征和价值方面具有的实质意义上的区别,不仅其理论体系的归属可以获得当代逻辑学的支持,而且具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Social and Personal Determinants of Adolescent Use and Abuse of Alcohol and Marijuana

This article summarizes research on social and personal determinants of adolescent use and abuse of alcohol and marijuana to aid practitioners when designing interventions.     

Cognitive and Personality Characteristics of Masculinity and Femininity Predict Wayfinding Competence and Strategies of Men and Women

Bem (1974) reconceptualized masculinity and femininity as independent and orthogonal constructs that both men and women possess to varying degrees. This perspective was used as a starting point to investigate whether the contributions of gender-typed characteristics can help to account for commonly observed gender differences in wayfinding (the ability to identify one’s current location and successfully navigate to an unseen location in the environment) favoring men. We further divided gender-typed characteristics into cognitive and personality characteristics to assess their separate influence on wayfinding and explored whether gender-typed characteristics predicted self-reported use of masculine wayfinding strategies (i.e., orientation strategies) and self-reported wayfinding competence. Participants were 452 college women and men in a southern U.S. public university. They completed the Gender-Stereotypic Characteristics questionnaire (Diekman and Eagly 2000), a social comparison questionnaire (created by the authors), a wayfinding strategy questionnaire (Lawton 1994), and a wayfinding competence questionnaire (Hegarty et al. 2002). For both men and women, higher masculine cognitive characteristics significantly correlated with greater use of orientation wayfinding strategies typical of men. For men, both higher masculine and feminine cognitive characteristics predicted better overall wayfinding competence whereas for women, only higher masculine cognitive characteristics predicted better overall wayfinding competence. For both men and women, higher feminine personality characteristics predicted poorer wayfinding competence. These results demonstrated the importance of considering cognitive and personality characteristics of masculinity and femininity in explaining individual differences in wayfinding.     

Self-ratings of positive and negative affect and retrieval of positive and negative affect memories

Abstract

Based on analysis of self-ratings of mood, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) have been proposed as basic, orthogonal mood dimensions (Watson & Tellegen, 1985). The present study asked subjects (N = 61) to not only provide self-ratings of PA and NA terms but also to retrieve personal memories associated with those terms. Self-rated PA was associated with latency to retrieve PA- but not NA-related memories; self-rated NA was associated with latency to retrieve NA- but not PA-related memories. Self-ratings of PA and NA were not significantly correlated, nor were retrieval latencies for PA and NA memories. Individual item correlations also revealed a strong direct relationship between self-ratings and retrieval latency. The dissociations involving a non-self report measure strengthen the distinction between PA and NA, and the individual item correlations are interpreted as showing that self-ratings of affect are based upon the ease of retrieval of personal memories.