Etiopathogenesis of neuroses

A population of not selected patients of a psychotherapeutic ambulance was described and researched exactly in its typical character of actual degree of disease made by organic symptoms, of experience of self-confidence and experience of the context of social relations. 25% of patients were found to be sound. The neurotic patients significantly differed in experiences of former social relationship. Patients suffering from disturbed self-confidence and disturbed social relationship frequently described disorders in relation to their mothers. Patients suffering from disturbed self-confidence but actually stable social relationship described mor disorders in relationship to their fathers. The mechanism of transfer is discussed.     

Pavlov,psychoanalysis, and neuroses

Pavlov’s discovery of experiment neurosis was serendipitous, yet it was made under the influence of Breuer and Freud’s case of Anna O. In 1914, Pavlov’s disciple N. R. Shenger-Krestovnikova, exploring the limits of visual discrimination in dogs, noticed that when the discrimination was difficult, the dogs’ behavior became disorganized. Pavlov drew an analogy between the condition of Shenger-Krestovnikova’s dogs and their disorganized behavior with Anna O.’s situation and her neurotic reaction. Pavlov concluded that he had demonstrated in the laboratory the elements of neurosis in animals and human alike. Schilder’s criticism of his position, his later study of human neuroses in clinical settings, and the views of Janet may have induced Pavlov to differentiate between animal and human neuroses.