破除“贵阳道教中心论”——与《明代贵州道教简论》商榷

邢飞在《明代贵州道教简论》中指出贵州道教的中心从以前靠近川渝和湖南地区的播州和思州等地转移到了贵阳,并且认为作为道教中心的贵阳对贵州各地的辐射作用也明显强于从前。本文以明初贵州建省的历史背景入手,分别从播州历史隶属的沿革、道纪司性质辨析及贵阳道纪司对《道藏》的管理、贵州永宁卫道纪司、普定卫道纪司、黎平府道纪司考证及田野调查等方面论述邢文中值得商榷的地方,并探讨明代贵州道教发展的特点及研究时需要注意之处。     

明代道士周思得与灵官法

明代道士周思得历事成、仁、宣、英、景五朝,住持京师著名的显灵宫、朝天宫,为一代颇受优宠的道教名流。周思得以显扬灵官法知名于世,其编撰《上清灵宝济度大成金书》,为弘扬灵宝斋法的巨帙科书。周思得是明代道教史上有贡献的道士,本文特对周思得及其灵官法作如下讨论。一、周     

明帝与武当山宫观经济考述

本文据明代正史及四部《大岳太和山志》等书中的有关资料,考证阐释明帝扶植武当道教的经济政策,着重论述了明帝创建和重修武当山宫观的耗费、敕免均州千户所差役使,其专心维修宫观,钦赐田地佃户,专一供赡道士及赐给各宫观香烛油蜡并道士布匹等问题,揭示了明代武当山道教鼎盛的经济基础     

昊天宫的创立及其宗派传承

青州驼山昊天宫由全真道士李守正创立于元至元十五年(1278)之前,元代昊天宫道士皆属丘处机一系传承。明代昊天宫虽有道士居住,但根据现存碑刻中的道士题名,难以确定他们的宗派归属,考虑到明代道教的通常情况,他们极有可能属于正一道士。自清初至民国期间,昊天宫道士一直属于全真道龙门派,而且传承有续,246年间传承了15代,但与明代青州修真宫龙门派并非一支。     

明代的佛教道教治理及其启示

正一、明代治理佛教道教的措施明代的宗教政策措施以明初为代表,总体呈现重建与整顿的双重特征,形成了有明一代的宗教政策制度。(一)扶持与重建1.重用僧人、道士。明太祖朱元璋先后起用刘渊然、张友霖等修道有成的道士入朝为官,并把国家祭祀交给道士管理。他认为,僧人"文华灿烂""贴体孔门之学",应"求名     

明代王学与道教

王学作为明代思想的主流 ,好之者不绝 ,而攻之者亦众。批评者经常讥讽王学为禅学 ,这可以说明王学与佛教的关系比较密切。虽然没有人批评王学为道教 ,但在明代“三教合一”的时代洪流中 ,王学与道教还是有着很密切的关系。本文拟就此问题来作一探讨。一王学的开山祖师王阳明本人与道教的关系就十分密切。王阳明曾自称与道教打了三十年的交道 ,《王阳明年谱》中不乏他寻访道士问道的记载 ,他与道教的交往记录明显地要比佛教多得多。王阳明从小就与道教结下了不解之缘。据《年谱》记载 ,王阳明十二岁时 ,“与同学生走长安街 ,遇一相士。异之曰…     

道士的称谓

“道土”之称在东汉创教之前便有之。据《楼观本纪》载：‘调穆王好尚黄老,闻仙师杜仲有至德高行,遂师之。因追仰遗迹,崇构灵坛,招集四方幽人逸士,以绍玄业……朝野弘修道事,故以道士为号焉。”古时有三种人可以称为“道士”。一是崇泰道家之八二是有道之七三是方术之士。道教创立之后,‘道主’倒成为道教神职教徒的称谓。道教经书,如《太上太真科经》、《洞真太上太霄琅书经》均谓“以道为事,故称道士”。据此,道士必须信奉道教教义,遵守道教规戒,还必须身着规定的道装,在宫观内修习道教的斋仪和道术。上述‘值上’识是对道教…     

论道教的唱道情

道情流行于中国民间社会,作为一种宣扬道家思想的民间说唱艺术,是道教济世度人的教化方式和传播道教教义思想的通俗说唱。本文通过史籍道经中相关资料的详细考察,认为道情早在五代时期就已产生,道士唱道情旨在宣扬道教之“道”。道情艺术是道教民间化的产物,宋元明清道士和文士的道情创作,反映出道教对中国俗文学的影响,也显示在中国民间信仰体系中道教的主导地位。     

道教与五代吴越国历史

五代时期,吴越国缔造者钱鏐在发迹过程中,得到道士的秉力支持.钱鏐执政后,推行崇奉道教的政策,兴建宫观,笼络道士,常行斋蘸.其崇道的原因,是要借助道士神化自身,巩固其统治;借道教向民众灌输封建伦理道德,祈求得到道教神灵对其军队的襄助及对吴越民众的福佑.道教对吴越国军事、政治、文化都有重要的影响.     

道教文化对宋代文学的影响北大核心

道教作为中华传统文化的重要组成部分,对于中国古代的社会生活产生了广泛的影响。宋代是道教发展的重要时期。宋朝历代帝王对道教的推崇,极大影响了当时文人士大夫对于道教文化的态度,这也生动体现在当时的文学作品当中。当时的文人士大夫阶层与道士群体交往密切,创作的作品涉及道教文化的各个方面,包括抒发仰慕神仙、崇尚清虚的道教感情,赞颂神仙高道的功业事迹,记述与道士隐逸的交往、与道教徒的诗歌唱和,描写道教的各类活动,对名山宫观的题咏等。     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia

Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female brain may account for this greater improvement.     

Ethical Issues in Counselling in Education

It is suggested that there are two quite distinct Systems of ethics and practice in use by counsellors in education: the integrated model, which emphasises viewing the counsellor-institution relationship as theprimary ethical perspective; and the differentiated model, which emphasises the counsellor-client relationship as the starting point for an ethical understanding of the counsellor's role. The implications of these two perspectives for ethical issues relating to sources of referrai, issues of confidentiality, accountability for resources, the implications of role diffusion, and the outcomes of counselling, are examined. The ethical consequences of viewing the two Systems as reconcilable or incompatible are explored.