A multichannel,portable, “real-time” event encoder-decoder for laboratory and field experiments

An easily constructed, low-cost, portable device is described for observational recording in field studies, or for stimulus programming in the laboratory. The system uses phase-locked loop integrated circuits for recording events in real-time. Multiple events can be simultaneously recorded on a single track of audio cassette tape and subsequently decoded using the same circuit.     

A computer-compatible technique for recording binary events in real time

A technique is described for recording binary stimulus and response events on computer-compatible media mich as punched-paper tape and incremental magnetic tape. A specific implementation of the technique is presented along with a consideration of programming a computer to recover the recorded data. Various extensions and limitations of the technique are also included.     

A computer-compatible multichannel event counting and digital recording system

An inexpensive multichannel event counting digital recording system has been designed for compatibility with automated data analysis equipment. For as many as 16 channels, events are simultaneously summed over preselected repetitive time intervals and recorded. Each data entry is marked with the time of day and a code identifying each channel’s data. The data is formated to be computer compatible and is logged on inexpensive readily available digital magnetic tape cassettes.     

A simple device for the preparation of exactly aligned dichotic tapes

A system is described involving three tape recorders and a control device whereby dichotic tapes can be prepared with onset alignment accurate to a few milliseconds, or to a measured asynchrony if required. No modifications of any sort are necessary for the three tape recorders. The two channels are separately recorded in the speaker’s own time, the only requirement being that the separate words be spoken with an interword interval of 350 msec or more, to provide sufficient time for starting and stopping the system. A tone burst is placed directly on tape on another channel ahead of each word, the latter being delayed by recording in tandem through two tape recorders. The first recorder is set to the delay (echo, NAB) facility, while the tone is recorded directly on the second. Subsequently, when this is done for each item on the two speech channels, the device, described below. utilizes the tone bursts to align the two input recorders. It then rerecords each pair of words on to the third (output or dichotic) machine, to the desired synchrony/asynchrony, and interitem interval. The system can be left to align the two channels automatically. A maximum repetition rate of two dichotic pairs every 1.3 sec can be achieved with Revox A77 tape recorders.     

Computer Technology Audio tape storage of experimental data: An application to tachistoscopic research with children

An inexpensive portable system is described for storing digital data on audio tape for later computer processing. The technique involves the use of integrated circuits and an ordinary stereo tape recorder. Each datum is converted to a binary-coded voltage level that, through a sampling device, controls the phase of a square-wave signal. Depending on whether the bit being coded is \ld0\rd or \ld1,\rd the signal recorded on one tape track is either in phase or 180 deg out of phase with a reference signal recorded on the other track. Later, the recorded tape may be played back into a computer for data analysis. An application of this technique for tachistoscopic research is described.     

Tape-recording data for a cumulative recorder and for programming interval schedules

A simple method for recording discrete events with a cassette tape recorder is described. Since the converter for the recorder is inexpensive, data for several subjects can be recorded simultaneously. The recorder-converter can also be used to program interval schedules. Cassette recorded responses for a subject can be played into a cumulative recorder.     

A multichannel,multiobserver portable event recorder

This paper describes a microprocessor-controlled 64-channel event recorder that supports up to eight remote keyboards utilizing a serial data transmission method. The keyboards can be connected via long twin stereo cable to the encoder unit, which stores the buffered data onto audio cassette tape. This system enables multiple observers to encode multiple events in a field or laboratory setting. The keyboard design is presented in detail.     

SKED systems: Paper tape,Tennecomp, and OS/8

The SKED system has been developed at different levels of complexity and power for differing hardware configurations. The simplest of these, and the least expensive, is the paper-tape SKED system. Some of the drawbacks associated with the use of paper tape are absent in the Tennecomp magnetic tape cartridge system. Users with mass storage capabilities can make use of the OS/8 operating system (copyright DEC) to speed up all aspects of the SKED system (especially editing, compilation, and loading of programs), and take advantage of a file-oriented system structure for data storage and analysis.     

An event-coder for evoked potential studies

A device is described which has 10 input and 2 output lines. Grounding an input causes a pulse with a specific amplitude, polarity, and duration to appear on one of the output lines. Pulse parameters can be set by front-panel controls. Thus, 10 distinct events can be coded by associating a unique pulse with each event. These pulses can be recorded on one (or two) channels of a magnetic tape recorder for subsequent processing. The use of this coder in the study of event-related potentials is described.     

A computer-oriented system for high-speed recording of operant behavior

A method is described by which large quantities of data, generated at high and variable rates from a large number of test boxes, are recorded on a single eight-channel punched paper tape. The data, which include a record of the occurrence time of each event in 1/10-sec units, are in a compact form, suitable for conversion to standard Hollerith punched card codes and for decoding and summarizing by a large digital computer. Experience with the system has demonstrated a high degree of accuracy and reliability, and low operating cost.     

A computer system to assist in the evaluation of the EEGs of epileptic patients

The specific EEG manifestations of epilepsy, seizures, and interictal spikes and sharp waves occur at unpredictable times and at variable frequencies. To obtain an adequate diagnosis, it is often necessary to record the EEG for several hours or several days. A computer system was developed to perform data reduction and quantification by continuously monitoring seizures and automatically recognizing interictal spikes and sharp waves. The past 2 min of EEG are kept on the computer disk at every instant. When an epileptic seizure occurs or when a spike is detected, a sample of EEG, including a section preceding the event itself, is written on the EEG polygraph and on magnetic tape. A continuous recording is thus replaced by samples of varying lengths, containing only the important aspects of the EEG, reducing considerably the original data. After the monitoring session, the spatial and temporal distributions of the interictal activity are presented in a quantified form on the terminal. The seizures are recorded on digital tape and are available for several types of processing. The patient is also monitored by a video system; EEG and video are synchronized by a time-of-day clock to allow electroclinical correlations.     

An electrophysiological method for the study of binocular rivalry

A technique is described for recording cortical evoked responses from human Ss in binocular rivalry. Each target is illuminated with flickering light at different frequencies upon a steady background. While the S continuously indicates with a response key which target he is seeing, the cortical responses are tape recorded. The tape recording is later analyzed by average response computer separately for each eye, seeing and not seeing. This simultaneous record of the functioning of both eyes eliminates confounding variables found in earlier methods. Controls are included for rivalry changes during a stimulus cycle and for S motor response time.     

A digital programmer for use with audio tape decks

A flexible inexpensive programming device for use with a magnetic tape deck is described. The programmer provides independent control for up to 15 different experimental events. It can be constructed from digital ICs for less than $50 and may be used with an inexpensive tape deck. A general-purpose transistor switch is also described.     

A high-speed computer-coinpatible event recorder

Design considerations, construction information, and programming considerations of a high-speed event recorder are presented. The device records discrete events on magnetic tape for later processing by a large computer. Although the design information is general, the instrument has 120 event channels, a time resolution of up to 100 microsec, and can record 60 or more events per second.     

普通话测试的录音评分可行性、信度及经济效率

该研究采用心理测量中的概化(generalizability theory)理论,通过两个研究,分析国家语言文字工作委员会的普通话测试中采用录音评分的可行性,并探讨了其信度、经济效率及心理测量等特性。研究共有25名被试及8名评分员。结果表明录音评分和现场评分测试的结果是一致的,最少能区分90％的能力差异。此外,研究亦指出现行测试的评分者人数及题数已经算足够,但仍可依考生能力特性等,作一些调整以提高测试效率。     

Detailed recording of spontaneous rapid events

The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021 Events such as barpresses or licks, which may occur at any time during the day, are often clustered into bouts. The internal structure of such bouts can be recorded using an AM tape recorder, running the tape recorder only while bouts are in progress, and can later be analyzed off-line on a digital computer.