An Experiment in Judging Personalities

Use of the semantic differential technique has largely been restricted to “paper and pencil” settings and student populations. In this study, adult respondents in an interview setting were asked to evaluate two concepts—use of lake (a) as a source of electric power and (b) as a recreational area—by means of eight seven-point scales. Results indicated considerable conceptscale interaction, suggesting that Osgood's interpretation of the semantic differential may be restricted by both technique of data collection and subpopulation. Respondent hostility might be an intervening variable. The semantic differential technique appeared to yield a preliminary evaluation of the two concepts, suggesting its use as an indicator of orientation.     

An Experiment upon Repeated Reproduction

The author presented dwarf hamsters (Phodopus campbelli) and golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) with conspecific and inanimate signals for food. Both species approached a cardboard stimulus that predicted food. The dwarf hamsters engaged in high levels of social contact directed toward a conspecific conditioned stimulus for food, but the golden hamsters did not. The author also presented dwarf hamsters with a conspecific signal that did not indicate food, and the levels of social behaviors that they directed toward it were significantly lower. These results suggest the presence of a social component in the dwarf hamster feeding system and are consistent with previous findings that the social transmission of food preferences occurs more readily in dwarf hamsters than in golden hamsters.     

Preventing Family Violence: An Educational Model

This article gives an example of cross-cultural teaching between the United States and Korea using Bible study, lecture, and psychodrama by Korean students on the topic of domestic violence. In the process, basic education on domestic violence is presented in a culturally sensitive way.

An Analysis of Factors Related to Educational Achievement

Piaget treats compensatory answers to the water jar problem by assuming that the child multiplies proportions in two dimensions (e.g., half the width by twice the height). Since the problem is three dimensional, a two dimensional analysis will not work to produce conservation. In an empirical test of related hypotheses using a prediction of height of water as an independent index of compensatory ability (N = 118 boys and girls from kindergarten through fifth grade), it was shown that many children compensate who do not conserve, a few children conserve who do not compensate, and conserving children who compensate incorrectly (as almost all do) will reject their compensation-based prediction in favor of the conservation judgment. It is concluded that while a loosely construed theory of compensation might help explain the development of conservation ability in the water jar problem, Piaget's tightly organized theory is at best questionable.     

An Experimental Computer-Based Educational and Career Exploration System

A major objective of the student guidance and counseling centers in high schools, junior colleges, and universities is to provide individualized aid to each student to help him reduce the uncertainty of his educational and vocational plans. Frequently, this objective is not fully satisfied because of information-handling problems. Two such problems are: (a) the fallibility of both counselor and student in memorizing, associating, and selectively recalling educational and vocational facts; and (b) the inability of the counselor and the student to devote sufficient time, patience, and energy to performing the enormous number of clerical steps involved in relating educational and occupational facts to pertinent information about the student. Computer-based information systems may be able to reduce these deficiencies considerably. This paper describes an experimental information system designed to be used by students as part of the total guidance services offered in schools. Such systems may aid both the student and the counselor.     

教育心理学发展概况新析

1．1 中国学者在世界上最早较全面提出并论述教育心理学问题。早在两千多年前,我国孔孟学派的论著中,已具有很多关于教育心理学思想的论述,这些论述涵盖了学习心理、德育心理、教学心理、个性差异心理、教师心理、思维心理、非智力心理等各个方面。     

The New Discourses on Educational Leadership: An Introduction

Studies in Philosophy and Education -     

教学实验中的处理忠实度

实验处理的忠实度是指主试在实验中实际施加的处理与预定处理之间的一致程度,它是影响实验研究效度和结论的重要因素。教学实验的处理忠实度受实验设计、培训、教学情境、教师、学生等多种因素影响,完善实验设计、进行系统培训、实施预备试验、监控实验过程是提升教学实验处理忠实度的重要途径。教学实验的处理忠实度可以通过现场观察、作品分析、教师报告等方式进行评估。     

交易双方时间成本不同的博弈分析与实验论证

本文在实验经济学的基础上 ,用心理学的实验法 ,模拟了现实中在买卖交易价格信息不对称的情境下 ,时间压力不同对价格的影响问题。通过 62名被试对 2 0个小商品进行交易的前后两阶段——时间压力分别针对卖方和买方时的价格差异 ,即交易利润分成的差异 ,证实了时间压力对价格交易的显著作用。并使以往实验经济学交易价格封顶 (有最高价 )、交易双方被试相互熟悉以及交易被试个体差异因素没有相对控制等问题得到了改进。     

The Educational Conversation: Closing the Gap. An Essay Review

Studies in Philosophy and Education -     

Educational desert or oasis? An educator's trek to Outer Mongolia

Mongolia has long been associated with isolation from the western world. Sandwiched between Russia on the north and China on the south, it is little known and little understood. Now split into two separate nations, Inner Mongolia is under the control of Red China, and Outer Mongolia under the control of Russia. Outer Mongolia has a population of 1.3 million and is about one-fifth the size of the United States. Education follows the Russian (communist) model and, of course, has a Five-Year Plan. Since World War II the literacy rate has jumped to 90%, and has received recognition by UNESCO for its efforts. Mongolian schools are on a two-track system, one for those going into trades or agriculture, and the other for those going on to higher education and the professions. Considering the Mongolian economic structure, its geography, and the nature of its people, it can be said that they have done a good job of educating their people.     

Biotech 101: An Educational Outreach Program in Genetics and Biotechnology

Recent advances in research and biotechnology are making genetics and genomics increasingly relevant to the lives and health of the general public. For the public to make informed healthcare and public policy decisions relating to genetic information, there is a need for increased genetic literacy. Biotech 101 is a free, short-course for the local community introducing participants to topics in genetics, genomics, and biotechnology, created at the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Biotech 101 in increasing the genetic literacy of program participants through pre-and-post surveys. Genetic literacy was measured through increases in self-perceived knowledge for each content area covered through the course and the self-reported impact the course had on various aspects of participants' lives. Three hundred ninety-two individuals attended Biotech 101 during the first three course offerings. Participants reported a significant increase in self-perceived knowledge for each content area (p?相似文献   

教育神经科学:探究人类认知与学习的一条整合式途径

教育神经科学是第二代认知科学对人的具身认知进行认识深化的必然产物,也是不同层面研究以整合态势来研究教育情境中人的认知过程及其发展的当然结果。在认知神经科学与教育已有的良好沟通下,教育神经科学就是要通过教育学家、心理学家、神经科学家等的合力,借助多种技术(包括脑成像技术),多视角、多层面地分析人的心理活动,以求最终达到科学改进教育理论及其做法的目的。不可否认,本研究领域还存在一些问题;但这并不会就此阻止教育学、心理学、神经科学加快合作与融合的步伐。     

An Integrative Educational Strategy for Christian Leaders in a Multifaith World

Abstract. This paper asserts that training Christian leaders for faithful and effective leadership in religious communities, which is responsive to the reality of the diverse religious experiences of this country, requires that they learn the skills of integration, specifically the ability to integrate formation into a community within the context of a multicultural, multifaith world. The process of pastoral theological reflection, a process that seeks to methodically put into conversation the student's experience, social context, and religious tradition, holds promise in a Christian context as a way to accomplish such integration. After discussing the process of pastoral theological reflection, the paper examines a seminary ministerial formation curriculum, based on this integrative process, to discern how it might better engage multifaith realities in its formation of leaders for Christian communities.