The Simon Effect With Wheel-Rotation Responses

The authors examined clockwise and counterclockwise wheel-rotation responses to high- or low-pitched tones presented in participants' (N = 96, Experiment 1; N = 48, Experiment 2; N = 48, Experiment 3) left and right ears. In Experiment 1, a Simon effect (fastest responding when tone location and direction of wheel turn corresponded) was obtained when participants' hands were at the top or middle of the wheel but not at the bottom. With line bottom hand placement, a Simon effect was induced by instructions emphasizing hand movements but not by instructions emphasizing wheel movements (Experiment 2), and by a visual cursor controlled by the wheel but not one triggered by the response (Experiment 3). The results of the experiments showed that the nature of the task and the instructed action goal influence the direction of the Simon effect.     

Responses

Philosophical Studies - This is a response to the comments of Boghossian (Philos Stud, 2016. doi: 10.1007/s11098-016-0716-1 ), Cullity (Philos Stud, 2016. doi: 10.1007/s11098-016-0717-0 ), Pettit...     

Responses

This essay consists in my replies to Professors John Martin Fischer, Patricia Greenspan, Eleonore Stump, Peter van Inwagen and Gary Watson regarding various aspects of my analysis of moral responsibility.     

The Generalization of Conditioned Responses: I. The Sensory Generalization of Conditioned Responses with Varying Frequencies of Tone

(Snyder, W. U., Ed. Casebook of Non-Directive Counseling. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947. Pp. 339.) Reviewed by C. H. Patterson

(Newcomb, T. M., &; Hartley, E. L., Eds. Readings in Social Psychology. New York: Holt, 1947. Pp. 672.) Reviewed by George K. Morlan     

The Deal on Testosterone Responses to Poker Competition

The following study investigated the effect of poker competition on testosterone (T) responses. Thirty-two participants played one-on-one poker in a lab on campus. Saliva samples were obtained before and after the poker games. On average, participants produced a significant increase in T during the competition, with no difference between winners and losers. This study is the first of its kind to examine T responses in a gambling competition. Possible implications for destructive gambling behaviors are discussed.     

The Influence of Number Magnitude on Vocal Responses

The study investigated whether number magnitude can influence vocal responses. Participants produced either short or long version of the vowel [ɑ] (Experiment 1), or high or low-pitched version of that vowel (Experiment 2), according to the parity of a visually presented number. In addition to measuring reaction times (RT) of vocal responses, we measured the intensity, the fundamental frequency (f₀) and the first and second formants of the vocalization. The RTs showed that the long and high-pitched vocal responses were associated with large numbers, while short and low-pitched vocal responses were associated with small numbers. It was also found that high-pitched vocalizations were mapped with the odd numbers, while the low-pitched vocalizations were mapped with the even numbers. Finally, large numbers increased the f₀ values. The study shows systematic interactions between the processes that represent number magnitude and produce vocal responses.     

幼儿自我调控的中日比较

实验以中日77名大班幼儿为被试(其中中国幼儿40名,日本幼儿37名).在实验中,根据幼儿园的日常生活,设置幼儿与同伴间矛盾场面(抑制场面和主张场面)的测试问题,采用逐张呈现图片并一对一询问的方式进行实验.根据幼儿在测试问题上的情绪反应与行为反应数据,比较中日幼儿自我调控的特征,结果表明:(1)在与同伴间的矛盾场面中,中国幼儿发生情绪反应的人数比率显著小于日本幼儿;(2)在表现出情绪反应的幼儿中,不论在抑制场面还是在主张场面,日本幼儿都比中国幼儿有更多的"自我抑制"或"自我抑制"倾向,而中国幼儿比日本幼儿出现了更多的"依赖教师"和"冲动行为"倾向;(3)中国幼儿的行为反应因情绪反应强度的变化表现出了差异,而日本幼儿的行为反应没有随着情绪反应强度的不同表现出差异.