共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Catherine N. M. Ortner Sachne J. Kilner Philip David Zelazo 《Motivation and emotion》2007,31(4):271-283
The effect of mindfulness meditation (MM) on attentional control in emotional contexts was examined. In Study 1, MM practitioners
(N = 28) categorized tones presented 1 or 4 s following the onset of affective pictures. Reaction times (RTs) to tones for affective
minus neutral pictures provided an index of emotional interference. Participants with more MM experience showed less interference
from affective pictures and reported higher mindfulness and psychological well-being. Study 2 was a controlled, randomized
experimental study in which participants (N = 82) received MM training, relaxation meditation (RM) training, or no intervention (waiting-list control; WLC). Behavioral,
self-report, and psychophysiological measures were administered before and after a 7-week intervention period. Although both
MM and RM resulted in smaller skin conductance responses to unpleasant pictures and increased well-being, reductions in emotional
interference from unpleasant pictures were specific to MM. These findings indicate that MM attenuates prolonged reactivity
to emotional stimuli.
相似文献
Philip David ZelazoEmail: |
2.
Bunmi O. Olatunji Jeffrey M. Lohr Craig N. Sawchuk Kelly Patten 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(1):1-8
Discrepancies exist in the literature regarding the unique role of disgust in Blood-Injection-Injury (BII) phobia. The present
study attempts to clarify the discrepancy using a sample of analogue BII phobics (n = 40) and nonphobics (n = 40) who completed a series of questionnaires and were exposed to blood, mutilation, and injection pictures. The findings
revealed that BII phobics reported greater disgust and contamination fears than nonphobics after controlling for anxious symptoms.
When rating phobia-relevant pictures, BII phobics responded with greater fear and disgust than nonphobics after controlling
for baseline anxiety scores. Furthermore, disgust was the dominant emotional response for BII phobics for the blood and mutilation
stimuli. However, no differences were found between fear and disgust within the BII group when rating injection stimuli. The
implications of these findings for better understanding the potential unique role of disgust in the etiology, maintenance,
and treatment of BII phobia are discussed.
相似文献
Bunmi O. OlatunjiEmail: |
3.
We report a secondary analysis of the international affective picture system (IAPS), the broadest available standardized sample
of emotional stimuli, which confirmed our prediction that the distribution of slides across the valence and arousal dimensions
would be related to human versus inanimate slide content. Pictures depicting humans are over-represented in the high arousal/positive
and high arousal/negative areas of affective space as compared to inanimate pictures, which are especially frequent in the
low arousal/neutral valence area. Results pertaining to dominance ratings and gender differences in valence and arousal ratings
further suggest that there are qualitative differences between emotional reactions to animal or human slide content and responses
to nonsocial still photos. Researchers need to be mindful of this distinction when selecting affect-inducing stimuli.
相似文献
Antony S. R. MansteadEmail: |
4.
Christopher J. Hopwood Suzannah K. Creech Timothy S. Clark Mary W. Meagher Leslie C. Morey 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(4):301-307
The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is one of the most commonly used self-report instruments in pain settings. The MPI
can be used to classify patients into three clusters or its nine scales can be treated as dimensions in efforts to understand
patient heterogeneity. Previous research suggests the existence of a fourth cluster, whose members have been labeled ‘repressors,’
that emerges with the addition of a defensiveness scale to the MPI. The current paper compared the abilities of MPI cluster
and dimensional models with and without a measure of defensiveness to capture variability in validating variables related
to personality, psychopathology, physical functioning, and treatment outcome in a chronic pain sample. Results suggest that
dimensional models consistently outperform cluster models in explaining variance in outcome variables, and that the addition
of a measure of defensiveness increments the validity offered by the MPI scales. Implications for the assessment of pain patients
are discussed.
相似文献
Christopher J. HopwoodEmail: |
5.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
6.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
7.
The present study compared the number of severe life events and chronic adversities as reported retrospectively by mothers
of children with an anxiety disorder (n = 39) prior to the onset of their most recent episode, with controls (n = 39) matched for age and sex. The parent version of the Psychosocial Assessment of Childhood Experiences (PACE) was used
to assess chronic adversities (long-term experiences with negative impact on child) and severe life events (discrete life
events with high long-term threat). A significantly greater number of severe life events and chronic adversities were assessed
prior to onset for anxious children compared to controls. The finding for severe life events held regardless of whether impact
ratings were assigned by mothers or a panel of independent raters, suggesting the findings reflect actual as opposed to perceived
differences. Results suggest that both discrete and chronic stressors may constitute risk for future episodes of anxiety in
children.
相似文献
Jennifer L. AllenEmail: |
8.
9.
In this paper we discuss visualizations in mathematics from a historical and didactical perspective. We consider historical
debates from the 17th and 19th centuries regarding the role of intuition and visualizations in mathematics. We also consider
the problem of what a visualization in mathematical learning can achieve. In an empirical study we investigate what mathematical
conclusions university students made on the basis of a visualization. We emphasize that a visualization in mathematics should
always be considered in its proper context.
相似文献
Kajsa Br?ting (Corresponding author)Email: |
Johanna PejlareEmail: |
10.
Daniel E. Flage 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):379-380
This note is a reply to some of Giovanni Grandi’s comments on my paper “Berkeley’s Contingent Necessities.”
相似文献
Daniel E. FlageEmail: |
11.
Clara Wagner John R. Z. Abela Karen Brozina 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2006,28(4):250-260
A self-report checklist assessing the occurrence of stressful life events in children and adolescents' lives was compared to an objectively rated interview to determine whether the checklist would introduce over-reporting of events or over-rating of event severity as a function of child/parent depressive symptoms, cognitive vulnerability, or anxiety. Participants completed the Children's Life Events Scale (CLES), the Life Events Interview (LEI), and questionnaires assessing cognitive vulnerability and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Findings yielded a positive association between the checklist and the interview. Contrary to hypotheses, depressive symptoms, cognitive vulnerability, and anxiety were not associated with over-reporting of events. Anxiety was associated with over-rating of event severity in parents but not children. Findings suggest that the checklist and interview may be equally viable approaches to assessing the occurrence of life events. Findings have mixed implications with regard to assessing event severity, as subjective reports may be systematically influenced by anxiety.
相似文献
John R. Z. AbelaEmail: |
12.
Autonomy and Nondefensiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three experimental studies tested whether a priming procedure intended to activate an autonomy orientation would lead to nondefensiveness
and enhanced performance, whether activated control orientation would lead to higher defense and impaired performance, and
whether activated impersonal orientation would lead to the greatest defense and worst performance. Study 1 showed that autonomy-primed
participants report lower desire for escape compared to control-primed, and that impersonally-primed showed most desire to
escape. In Study 2, autonomy-primed participants showed the least self-serving bias, control-primed were in the middle, and
impersonally-primed participants showed the most. In Study 3, rowers autonomy-primed showed the least self-handicapping and
best performance, control-primed showed moderate levels, and impersonally-primed showed the most self-handicapping and worst
performance. Results are discussed in terms of motivation orientation, defensiveness, and performance.
相似文献
Holley S. HodginsEmail: |
13.
J. Angelo Corlett 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(3):205-209
This paper amounts to a reply to Professor Donald G. Brown’s thoughtful comment on my “Ethical Issues in Journal Peer-Review”,
which appeared in this journal.
相似文献
J. Angelo CorlettEmail: |
14.
M. Joseph Sirgy 《Applied research in quality of life》2008,3(4):315-317
This is a book review of Daniel M. Haybron’s book titled The Pursuit of Unhappiness: The Elusive Psychology of Well-Being,
published by Oxford University Press, 2008.
相似文献
M. Joseph SirgyEmail: |
15.
16.
We consider and reject a variety of attempts to provide a ground for identifying and differentiating disembodied minds. Until
such a ground is provided, we must withhold inclusion of disembodied minds from our picture of the world.
相似文献
Jesse R. SteinbergEmail: |
17.
Kenneth P. Winkler 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):507-509
I clarify Locke’s intentionalism and explain what we might gain by paying more attention to the role of linguistic intentions
in the work of the British empiricists.
相似文献
Kenneth P. WinklerEmail: |
18.
Eric A. Storch Michael J. Larson Lisa J. Merlo Mary L. Keeley Marni L. Jacob Gary R. Geffken Tanya K. Murphy Wayne K. Goodman 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):111-120
This study explored the impact of comorbidity on symptom severity and treatment outcome in a sample of 75 pediatric Obsessive–Compulsive
Disorder (OCD) patients. Forty received cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT). Overall, 56% had a comorbid disorder. Results
revealed that youth with comorbid disorders (anxiety or otherwise) endorsed significantly more anxiety symptoms than youth
with OCD only. Youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety exhibited more severe OCD symptoms than youth
with OCD alone or an anxiety-only comorbidity. Youth in the comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety group had the
poorest CBT response relative to the other groups. These results suggest that relative to those with OCD alone or with an
anxiety disorder comorbidity, youth with comorbidities instead of or in addition to anxiety have a differing clinical presentation
(e.g., more severe symptoms) and worse psychotherapy outcome.
相似文献
Eric A. StorchEmail: |
19.
Daniel E. Flage 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):361-372
The paper provides an account of necessary truths in Berkeley based upon his divine language model. If the thesis of the paper
is correct, not all Berkeleian necessary truths can be known a priori.
相似文献
Daniel E. FlageEmail: |
20.
Dr. med. Dipl.-Soz. Alf Gerlach 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2004,20(1):7-12