共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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孟德尔(C.W.K.Mundle)在“‘私人语言’和维特根斯坦的那种行为主义”中把维修根斯坦的观点称之为“语言的行为主义”(linguistic behaviourism),他通过对于这种语言行为主义的批判确定一个与维特根斯坦相反的论点:一个人可以谈论他的私人经验.他说,维特根斯坦的论点——一个人甚至不能够对自己谈论他的私人经验(这是维特根斯坦在关于日记的论述中力图证明的)——与其他问题混淆起来了.这是因为维特根斯坦把问题表达成:“能有私人语言吗?”这种表述混淆了以下问题之间的区别:一、人能有意义地对他自己谈论他个人的私人经验吗?二、人能告诉其他人关于他的私人经验的情况吗? 相似文献
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创造现代计算机的鼻祖图灵在1950年发表《计算机和智能》(又译《计算机能思维吗?》)论中说:“现在人们对于‘思维机器’的兴趣是由一种通常称作‘电子计算机’或‘数字计算机’的特殊机器引起来的。”①他提出一个问题:“机器能够思维吗?”并设计出称作模仿游戏的所谓“图灵试验”。机器模拟人的思维能力从此引起人们的关注。 相似文献
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读过诸葛殷同同志的《辩证逻辑究竟是不是逻辑?》一文(载《哲学动态》1991年5期,以下简称“诸葛文”)后,我对该文就《辩证逻辑教程》一书(以下简称“教程”)的批评有不同意见。现将有些意见简述如下: 1 “诸葛文”认为:“逻辑仅仅是思维形式学”,并且思维形式又仅为命题形式与推理形式。据此,它批评“教程”说:“‘教程’正文共分三编。第一编‘辩证思维规律,第二编辩证思维方法,都没有讨论思维形式,与逻辑无涉。”我们认为,根据这种说法,岂不是亚里斯多德《形而上学》中有关矛盾律、排中律的论述也与逻辑无涉了吗?亚里斯多德的《范畴篇》、现行逻辑著作中有关概念、假说以及寻求因果关系乃至论证的内容,岂不都要排除于逻辑科学之外吗?更有甚者,按照这种观点,我国古代岂不是就很难找到逻辑著作了吗?这难道不是十分荒唐的吗? 相似文献
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下班刚进屋,楼上王奶奶跟着我进了门,说:“柏医师,天又热了,怎么办?”“怎么办?”我一时弄不清王奶奶的意思,愣住了。“我们家老头子不是有个什么‘障碍’吗?你去年讲,等夏天再来,帮我们想想办法。还记得吧?”王奶奶见我一时不明白,连忙说。 相似文献
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Adrienne Harris 《Psychoanalytic Inquiry》2018,38(7):547-550
ABSTRACTAn examination of a clinical case in which severe demands on the analyst were made to bear silence and trauma unprocessable by the analysand. This discussion draws on the work of Coltart and Ferenczi to consider the demands of such work on the analyst. Intergenerational transmissions of trauma are also considered in the understanding of this case. 相似文献
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We measured human frequency response functions for eleven angular frequency filters using a forced-choice procedure in a supra-threshold summation paradigm. Each of the eleven functions of 17 experimental conditions was measured 4-9 times among 12 observers. Results show that, for the arbitrarily selected filter phases, maximum summation effect occurred at test frequency for all filters. These results lead to the conclusion that there are narrow-band angular frequency filters operating in human visual system mostly through summation surrounded by inhibition at the specific test frequency ranges. Our previous suggestion (Simas and Santos, 2002), arguing that summation for the higher angular frequency filters should occur if background angular frequency contrast were set to a maximum of 5 times the test frequency threshold, was supported. 相似文献
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Allison J 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1976,25(2):185-198
Ten rats received all of their water in daily 1-hr sessions. Following a baseline phase in which lever and water spout were freely available throughout each session, subjects were trained to press the lever for water on mixed schedules composed of two alternating components. Each component gave access to water for a fixed cumulation of drinking time every time the rat cumulated a fixed amount of lever-pressing time. Changes in one component produced contrast and induction effects, both positive and negative, with respect to both lever pressing and drinking in the unchanged component. All schedules facilitated lever pressing relative to baseline. All schedules suppressed drinking relative to baseline, even though contingency sessions allowed ample time to perform the baseline amount of drinking. The entire pattern of results was predicted in quantitative detail by assuming that the total amount of a dimension apportioned to lever pressing and drinking is conserved between baseline and contingency sessions. Conservation theory was shown to predict several effects produced by simple fixed-ratio schedules, and was compared favorably with probability-differential (Premack, 1971) and response-deprivation (Timberlake and Allison, 1974) theory. 相似文献
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David Hewison 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2009,54(5):721-724