健康发展战略与卫生服务体系的整合

首先界定了健康发展战略与卫生服务体系.健康发展战略体现在两个方面,一是国家政治层面的健康观,发达国家往往通过立法的方式固定下来;二是国家健康行动纲领.健康观是项层设计,行动纲领是整体规划,卫生服务体系是布局设计.我国目前在健康发展战略和卫生服务体系两者之间缺乏协调和整合的种种表现及其原因,主要在于健康发展战略的不完善.要根据"科学发展观",抓住改革的契机,建立和完善国家健康发展的顶层设计,并连贯性地制定健康行动纲领,有计划地设计和变革现有的卫生服务体系.     

健康发展战略与卫生服务体系的整合

首先界定了健康发展战略与卫生服务体系。健康发展战略体现在两个方面，一是国家政治层面的健康观，发达国家往往通过立法的方式固定下来；二是国家健康行动纲领。健康观是顶层设计，行动纲领是整体规划，卫生服务体系是布局设计。我国目前在健康发展战略和卫生服务体系两者之间缺乏协调和整合的种种表现及其原因，主要在于健康发展战略的不完善。要根据“科学发展观”，抓住改革的契机，建立和完善国家健康发展的顸层设计，并连贯性地制定健康行动纲领，有计划地设计和变革现有的卫生服务体系。     

美国、英国和加拿大健康战略的比较分析

美国、英国和加拿大三国均为发达国家,也是世界上最早开展健康战略研究的几个国家。通过比较美国、英国和加拿大三国的基本卫生状况、健康战略的内容和发展过程,在此基础上,分析了三个国家在制定和实施健康战略过程中的做法与经验,为制定和完善“健康中国2020”战略提出了相关的建议。     

浙江省卫生法制建设与发展的主要问题分析

以卫生法制现代化构件为基本依据,在对卫生法制建设现状进行充分调研的基础上,系统分析和反映了浙江省卫生法制建设存在的主要问题,为浙江省科学制定和实施卫生法制建设规划与发展战略,切实推进卫生法制现代化进程提供决策依据。     

美国健康战略及启示

介绍了美国健康战略出台的背景,并重点介绍了美国“健康公民2010”战略的目标、优先领域、主要健康指标以及相应的行动计划,比较了美国“健康公民2000”和“健康公民2010”的异同,在此基础上总结了美国健康战略发展的基本特点与经验,并提出了对我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的启示。     

健康中国的伦理基础

健康中国战略是指引中国医疗卫生事业发展的一个全局性、战略性和长期性 的宏伟蓝图和行动纲领,它的伦理基础可以从四个方面进行论证。第一,全民健康是建设健 康中国的根本目的,它要求把健康摆在优先发展的战略地位,将促进健康的理念融入公共政 策制定实施的全过程。第二,健康中国的价值指引是共享发展的理念,它要求每个公民都共 享改革开放所取得的成果,体现了社会主义社会的本质特征。第三,健康中国的道德基础是 共 同善,体现的是全体中国人民的共同利益,即获得健康的身体、幸福的生活。第四,健康中 国的核心道德要求是健康公平,它对国家卫生制度与资源的公平分配提出了根本要求,每个 公民都应该纳入国家基本卫生保障制度的覆盖之下,以实现“全民健康”的根本目的。     

英国健康战略的特点及启示

介绍了英国健康战略的出台背景、战略愿景、目标、优先发展领域和具体的行动计划,在此基础上总结了英国健康战略实施过程的基本特点与经验,并提出了对我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的相关启示。     

加拿大健康战略及其启示

介绍了加拿大健康战略出台的背号、战略愿景、目标、优先发展领域和具体的行动计划,在此基础上总结了加拿大健康战略实施过程的基本特点与经验,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了我国制定和实施“健康中国2020”战略的相关政策建议。     

“健康国家”战略发展的过程与国际经验

基于健康价值概念,居民健康所面临的挑战,以及医疗卫生服务发展趋势,系统描述了“健康国家”战略的发展过程与国际社会实施“健康国家”战略的基本情况,并提出了可借鉴与学习的经验。     

企业战略经营领域的环境分析

战略管理是现代企业管理的最基本的标志之一。如何正确地选择企业的战略经营领域是企业在激烈的市场竞争中能否保持持续稳定发展的基本保证。本文利用现代战略管理和现代经济学的基本理论 ,较为全面地探索了在企业制定经营战略时必须进行的企业内外部环境分析的基本内容 ,为企业科学地制定经营战略提供一种框架 ,以期提高我国企业战略管理的整体水平。     

The Relationship Between Psychological Health and Attitude Toward Christianity Among Pupils Aged 11 to 15 Years in England

Advocates of the secularization thesis describe radical decline in the significance of the Christian tradition among young people in England. In this context, a sample of 5,808 pupils age 11 to 15 years provided data about their religious identity and practice and completed the short-form Revised Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (as a measure of psychological health) and the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity (as a measure of their affective commitment to the Christian tradition). The data showed that half of the pupils retained some connection with the Christian tradition and that a positive attitude toward Christianity was associated both with lower psychoticism scores and with higher neuroticism scores. There is evidence, therefore, to link a positive view of Christianity with some indicators of better psychological health (lower psychoticism) and with some indicators of poorer psychological health (higher neuroticism).     

Giving up on unattainable goals: benefits for health?

Three studies examined associations between goal disengagement and goal reengagement tendencies and indicators of physical health (e.g., health problems, cortisol rhythms, sleep efficiency). Based on research showing that goal adjustment tendencies are associated with subjective well-being, the authors predicted that people who are better able to disengage from unattainable goals and reengage with alternative goals also may experience better physical health. Across the three studies, the findings demonstrate that the ability to disengage from unattainable goals is associated with better self-reported health and more normative patterns of diurnal cortisol secretion. Goal reengagement, by contrast, was unrelated to indicators of physical health but buffered some of the adverse effects of difficulty with goal disengagement. The results also indicate that subjective well-being can mediate the associations between goal disengagement tendencies and physical health.     

Determination of Weights for Health Related Quality of Life Indicators among Kidney Patients: A Fuzzy Decision Making Method

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is one of the significant current discussions in the health fraternity. It encompasses multidimensional indicators and serves the purpose of evaluating health quality among patients. Patients’ perceptions of the impact of disease and treatment and the indicators such as physical, psychological, social function and well being are normally investigated. However there is no clear suggestion of which indicators contributed more than others. The arbitrary nature of HRQoL paves the way for fuzzy theory in evaluation of indicators. This paper describes the application of a fuzzy decision making method in ranking indicators of HRQoL among kidney patients. Four experts in health fraternity were selected as decision makers to elicit information regarding health related status of chronic kidney disease patients over eight HRQoL indicators. The decision makers were required to rate the regularity of experiencing health-related problems in linguistic judgment among the patients. The five linguistics variables were used as input data to a modified version of Fuzzy Simple Additive Weight decision making model. The modified six-step method was possible to tap the extent of decision makers’ opinions on the severity of HRQoL experienced by the patients. It is shown that the indicator of role-physical recorded the lowest problematic level while the indicator of mental health recorded the highest problematic level experienced by the patients. The ranking signifies the impact of the indicators to health quality specifically the chronic kidney disease patients.     

Creating a Mentally Healthy Community Through the Use of Behavioral Health Indicators

Recent decades have seen the development of robust systems of community health indicators, but those indicator sets tend to have few indicators related to behavioral health. Gauging community behavioral health can be complex, but given the interconnectedness of health and behavioral health and the high social and financial cost of unaddressed behavioral health needs, it is essential to develop meaningful indicators. A community-based participatory research project in Austin, Texas developed behavioral health indicators based on a review of social indicators movements across the globe, existing sets of proposed key indicators of mental health and mental illness, and ongoing community initiatives in Austin relevant to behavioral health. The community behavioral health indicators have been refined through the challenging process of implementing them in the face of competing efforts and imprecise communication about their use. While indicators should always be adapted to suit local conditions, this indicator set should provide a good starting point for researchers and communities to assess and improve the behavioral health of their community.     

How Adolescents’ Mental Health Predicts Their Physical Health: Unique Contributions of Indicators of Subjective Well-being and Psychopathology

Studies among youth have established a link between mental health and physical health, and highlight the importance of attending to these relationships to provide a more complete picture of functioning. However, most previous investigations have limited their focus to examining the relationship between physical health and either particular aspects of psychopathology or particular aspects of subjective well-being. The current study serves as a first examination that includes both positive (subjective well-being [SWB]) and negative (psychopathology) indicators of mental health in relation to physical health functioning, assessed via self-report measures completed by a sample of 401 early adolescents from the general population. Mental health indicators accounted for 30% of the variance in physical health ratings, and 4 of the 5 mental health indicators were unique predictors of physical health. Positive affect, a component of SWB, explained the most unique variance in physical health, followed by the other components of SWB. Results support the importance of attending to positive indicators of mental health when determining the link with physical health among youth. Implications for a research and practice focus on comprehensive wellness among youth are discussed.     

The moderating effect of differentiation: Education and health in married couples

This study had four hypotheses based on Bowen Family Systems Theory. First, to determine the similarity in couple members' levels of differentiation, a latent profile analysis was performed. About 67% of couples reported less than a point difference on average between their scores on the differentiation subscales used. Second, whether differentiation was associated with physical health was determined by comparing the means of health indicators for couple members across the latent profile classes, and it was found that health and differentiation were related as expected. Finally, to determine whether differentiation moderated the associations between education, stress, and health, a group comparison procedure was performed for an Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. Evidence suggested that differentiation moderated some of these associations.     

Perceived unfairness and employee health: a meta-analytic integration

A growing body of research has suggested that the experience of injustice, psychological contract breach, or unfairness can adversely impact an employee's health. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of unfairness perceptions on health, examining types of fairness and methodological characteristics as moderators. Results suggested that perceptions of unfairness were associated with indicators of physical and mental health. Furthermore, psychological contract breach contributed to the prediction of strain-related indicators of health above and beyond that accounted for by injustice alone.     

Epistemic Injustice and Resistance in the Chiapas Highlands: The Zapatista Case

Though Indigenous women in Mexico have traditionally exhibited some of the highest levels of maternal mortality in the country—a fact that some authors have argued was an important reason to explain the EZLN uprising in 1994—there is some evidence that the rate of maternal mortality has fallen in Zapatista communities in the Chiapas Highlands in the last two decades, and that other health indicators have improved. In this article, we offer an account of the modest success that Zapatista communities have achieved in improving their health levels. In particular, we argue that Zapatista women have implicitly used a form of feminist standpoint theory to diagnose the epistemic (and economic) injustice to which they have been traditionally subjected and to develop an epistemology of resistance that is manifested in actions such as becoming health promoters in their communities. We also argue that this epistemology of resistance is partially responsible for the improvement of health levels in their communities. Finally, on the basis of our discussion of the Zapatista case, we suggest that standpoint theory could play an important role in other healthcare settings involving oppressed minorities.     

11-M Victims 3 Years After Madrid Terrorist Attacks: Looking for Health Beyond Trauma

Although there is a growing body of evidence that health is the presence of well-being and not just the absence of a disease, research related to victims of terrorists attacks is mostly focused on the presence/absence of pathology (e.g. PTSD). The present study aims to apply the Complete State Model of Health to evaluate the mental health status of 69 direct victims of 11-M terrorist attack three years after the event. The results of Horn’s Parallel Analysis and CFA confirmed that the measures of positive mental health (well-being indicators) and illness (PTSD) loaded on separate but correlated factors. This is to say, the absence of PTSD in our sample was not equivalent to the presence of health. However, although positive health and illness indicators should be considered as two different factors, they were closely related. In fact, three well-being indicators were strongly associated with PTSD: positive affect, self-acceptance and positive relations. These findings suggest the need to work to ensure victims’ positive health.