持续性血液透析患者中HBV DNA检出率及相关因素分析

研究隐匿性乙肝病毒感染（OBI）在 HBsAg阴性、抗 HBcAb阳性持续性血液透析患者中的阳性率及相关因素探讨，随机抽取我院220例经化学发光法检测的符合血清标记物 HBsAg阴性、抗HBcAb阳性的血液透析患者作为研究对象，应用聚合酶链反应技术（PCR）检测血清 HBV DNA含量，比较 HBV DNA阳性组（观察...     

应用高校新生心理健康UPI量表对我国的调查

目的：调查我校这一级新生的心理健康状况。方法：用量表UPI对集体施测我校2424名新生。结果：一类学生530人,占21．9％;二类学生738人,占30．4％,三类学生1156人,占47．7％;有自杀意念的学生人数为41人,占新生总人数的1,7％;SCL～90量表中的抑郁和精神病性能有效地鉴别真正有自杀意念的学生;新生的主要心理问题包括了人际、自我意识、情绪、生涯规划等,三类新生的心理症状还表现出各自的特点,生涯规划是地方高校一般学生所面临的一个重要问题。结论：地方院校的心理健康教育工作应针对当地各类学生的问题来展开,生涯规划应该是工作的重点。     

血清HBsAg阳性肾小球肾炎的临床与病理分析

分析血清HBsAg阳性肾炎患者发生乙型肝炎病毒相关性肾炎(HBV-GN)的相关因素。根据肾组织中是否检测到HBsAg和/或HBcAg将研究对象分为两组:HBV-GN组(30例)和乙型肝炎病毒合并肾炎(HBV-CG)组(26例),分析两组之间临床资料及病理特点。HBV-GN患者血清HBeAg的阳性率明显高于HBV-CG组(P0.05),且HBV-GN组表现为大三阳[HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)HBcAb(+)]的病例数明显多于HBV-CG组(21例vs.10例,P0.05);HBV-GN组肾脏病理表现为微小病变肾病的病例数显著低于HBV-CG组(1例vs.7例,P0.05)。HBV感染及病毒高复制状态与HBV-GN密切相关。     

HBsAg弱阳性标本4种检测方法敏感性的比较

比较电化学发光免疫分析(ECLIA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、胶体金免疫层析技术(GICA)、HBsAg确认试验4种方法检测HBsAg弱阳性标本的检出率;探讨ELISA法不同孵育时间条件下,HBsAg弱阳性标本的检出率,为临床工作中降低HBsAg弱阳性标本的漏检提供参考.用上述4种方法平行检测HBsAg弱阳性血清68份(ECLIA法结果1.0<吸光度/临界值(S/CO)<20.0);ELISA法分别设立孵育时间为30min、45min、60min三个组别.对检出率进行统计学比较.结果显示,ECLIA法阳性率100%,ELISA法阳性率83.82%,GICA法阳性率7.35%,HBsAg确认试验阳性率79.41%.ELISA法孵育60min的检出率高于孵育30min和45min,但检出率的差异无统计学意义.因此,为降低弱阳性标本的漏检,可以采用灵敏性高的ECLIA方法;若采用ELISA方法检测HBsAg,建议按照说明书要求,孵育60min.     

某院3年医院感染患者细菌分离及耐药性分析

应用WHONET5．3软件对2005年1月至2007年12月检出的1749株病原菌种类、分布及其耐药性进行统计分析。结果发现院内感染病原菌以条件致病菌为主,革兰阴性菌检出率61．8％,革兰阳性菌的检出率33％,真菌检出率为5．2％。大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌属的ESBLs阳性率分别为34．4％和48．9％,MRSA和MRCNS的检出率分别为40．8％和36．4％。大多数病原菌对抗生素产生多重耐药性。由此可见,由于临床抗生素的广泛使用,病原菌不断变迁且其耐药性逐渐上升,应加强耐药性监测及合理使用抗生素,以有效控制细菌感染和耐药性播散。     

地方高校新生UPI调查结果的比较与分析

对多所地方高皎新生UPI调查的筛选率、自杀意念、主要心理症状的选择率进行比较,发现：一类学生的筛选率分布在6．3％-40．08％之间,曾有自杀意念者在0．66％-3．30％之间．学校之间差异显著;主要心理问题有情绪和性格问题、强迫倾向、人际关系障碍等,在主要心理问题的性质上各有较高的一致性、仅在个别项目上和选择率上存在差异;从整体看师范与非师范之间、本科与专科之间并无规律性差别,论文还就各校测量结果的差异性与一致性的原因及高校UPI稠查与研究中存在的主要问题进行了讨论。     

师专大学新生心理健康状况研究

１引言世界卫生组织曾对人的健康标准下过定义：即同时具备生理健康、心理健康、良好的社会适应这三个指标的人才被认为是真正意义上的健康。高等师范学校培养的是未来的人类灵魂工程师，在师范教育中注重学生心理健康从某种意义上讲显得比教给他一些知识更为重要．为此，在新生刚进入大学校门时，我们对他们的心理卫生状况，人格健康情况给予足够的关注是十分必要的。２研究方法２．１被试绵阳师范高等专科学校９７级新生９４７人．来自中文、政史、外语、数学、物理、化学、美术、音乐、体育、计算机科学十个系的师范及非师范生。其中，师…     

对北京体育大学教育学院体育教育专业新生选择专项的动机调查研究

动机是一个人进行活动的心理动因或内部动力,选择专项的动机是激发学生进行专项学习的活动,使其行为朝一定的目标正常发展的内在过程或心理状态。选择专项动机是在专项学习需要的基础上产生的,学生对专项学习的需要是社会和教育对学生学习的客观要求在学生头脑中的反映。本文运用文献资料法、问卷调查法对北京体育大学体育教育专业2013级100名新生选择专项的动机进行调查研究,找出影响新生选择专项动机的因素,为指导学生正确选择专项而建言献策。指出新生选择选择专项的动机主要有：1、兴趣爱好2、入学前的体育基础3、推荐4、就业。根据2013级新生选择专项的动机特点,提出学生选择专项前应该发展兴趣,明确选项目的。学校应加强对学生选择专项的指导,避免学生盲目选项。     

福建佛学院举行2008级新僧开学典礼

本刊讯 9月9日．福建广化寺内洋溢着喜庆祥和的气氛．福建佛学院迎来了2008级新生开学典礼。福建省民族与宗教事务厅林致知副厅长，省佛教协会副会长兼秘书长本性法师．省民族与宗教事务厅宗教一处高闽处长．省委统战部民宗处刘荣处长、林尊海调研员，莆田市佛教协会会长定兴法师．莆田市民族与宗教事务局张元坤局长、钟文斌副局长等有关领导出席新生开学典礼。     

大学新生心理健康状况调查—以临沂大学2013级学生为例

采用症状自评量表（SCL-90问卷），对7615名临沂大学2013级新生进行普遍测查并对结果进行科学的统计处理。结果表明，问题检出率为％，主要表现为强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁和偏执；新生的心理健康状况与全大学生组常模存在不同程度的差异，同时存在心理问题的性别差异、城乡差异、专业类别差异等。结论：应进一步加强加强对大学生心理健康教育，根据不同高校现状开展有针对性的心理健康教育。     

慢性乙肝治疗路线图和HBV DNA、HBeAg、HBsAg定量的监测意义

慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染呈世界分布并且引起不良结局,是极为严重的健康问题。慢性乙型肝炎治疗最重要的目标是长期抑制病毒以改善预后,防止出现肝硬化、肝衰竭和肝癌。目前,抗病毒药物主要有干扰素和口服核苷（酸）类似物,核苷（酸）类似物的缺点主要在于长期治疗中出现耐药。路线图概念被用于监测耐药预测疗效。HBV DNA定量水平被作为路线图较好的监测指标。由于血清转换率及清除率过低,HBeAg、HBsAg定量检测不适合用于路线图监测,但对于使用聚乙二醇干扰素的慢性乙肝患者,可作为预测治疗应答的指标。     

Healthy Schools-Healthy Kids: a controlled evaluation of a comprehensive universal eating disorder prevention program

This study was a controlled evaluation of a comprehensive school-based universal prevention program involving male and female students, parents, teachers, school administrators and local public health professionals. A total of 982 male and female Grades 6 and 7 middle school students (and 91 teachers/school administrators) completed self-report surveys at baseline on measures of body satisfaction, internalization of media ideals, size acceptance, disordered eating, weight-based teasing, weight loss and muscle-gaining behaviours, and perceptions of school climate (teachers only). Eighty-four percent of the students repeated the surveys immediately following the 8-month school-wide intervention and 71% again 6 months later. Repeated measures ANCOVAs revealed that participation in the Healthy Schools-Healthy Kids (HS-HK) program had a positive influence by reducing the internalization of media ideals among male and female students and by reducing disordered eating among female students. The program was also associated with reductions in weight-loss behaviours among the students, although this effect was lost by the 6-month follow-up. When the intervention students were sub-divided into low versus high-risk groups, the high-risk group appeared to benefit most from the intervention with significant reductions in internalization of media ideals, greater body satisfaction, and reduced disordered eating over time. There were no intervention effects for teachers. Challenges of engaging teachers in prevention are discussed.     

大中学生英语阅读的元认知策略发展及其民族差异比较

采用英语阅读的元认知意识问卷对云南省大学生,昆明汉族、丽江地区的纳西族和彝族中学生进行测查。结果表明：(1)大中学生英语阅读的元认知策略水平随着年级的升高呈现出提高的趋势,从中学到大学是元认知策略水平快速发展的时期;(2)男女大中学生英语阅读的元认知策略水平整体上具有一致性,但在中学阶段却呈现出女生略优于男生的趋势,到了大学,男女两性发展基本平衡;(3)汉族与纳西族中学生英语阅读的元认知策略水平整体上具有一致性,彝族中学生英语阅读的元认知策略水平呈现出优于汉族和纳西族的趋势。     

Attitudes Toward Date Rape Among University Students in South Korea

The purpose of this study is to examine attitudes toward date rape among university students in South Korea. Participants included 163 students recruited from two universities in South Korea. Results show that male students were less rejecting of date rape-tolerant attitudes than female students were. Also, male students were less rejecting of the belief that the use of force to have sex on a date is acceptable under certain conditions. Attending a sexual assault educational program was associated with more rejection of date rape-tolerant attitudes among females, but not among males. The results will be of particular value to advocates who provide rape prevention and victim intervention programs.     

Specific Virtues as Predictors of Smartphone Addiction among Chinese Undergraduates

Smartphones are important communication and technological tools that have become an indispensable part of university students’ lives. Although empirical research has evaluated factors that influence Smartphone addiction, few studies have explored positive and potentially protective factors such as virtues that may increase the efficacy of future Smartphone addiction prevention programs. Thus, this study examined the relationship between three key virtues (i.e., relationship, vitality, and conscientiousness) and Smartphone addiction as well as evaluated the specific contributions of these virtues as applied to Smartphone use among Chinese university students. A total of 682 undergraduates (aged 18–24 years) from three universities completed the 96-item Chinese Virtues Questionnaire and Mobile Phone Addiction Index. Results showed that three virtues were significantly correlated with Smartphone addiction. Specifically, conscientiousness and relationship virtues negatively predicted Smartphone addiction and explained 82.61% of addiction-related variance. Vitality positively predicted Smartphone addiction and accounted for the remaining 17.39% variance. Thus, this study demonstrated that conscientiousness and relationship virtues were potential protective factors for Smartphone addiction, while vitality led to increased vulnerability. Gender-related differences were also discovered. Specifically, male students may be more sensitive to the conscientiousness virtue, while female students may show increased sensitivity to the relationship virtue. Consequently, future efforts to prevent Smartphone addiction could focus on how to enhance conscientiousness and relationship virtues and how to reduce the vitality virtue.     

青少年学生体像烦恼现状研究

采用自编的《青少年学生体像烦恼现状调查表》,对3121名大、中学生的形体烦恼、性别烦恼、性器官烦恼和容貌烦恼等进行抽样调查.研究表明:(1)22.3%青少年存在体像烦恼,且女性高于男性;(2)44.0%青少年肥胖指数异常,其中偏瘦的为33.7%,偏胖的为10.3%,前者男性高于女性,后者女性高于男性;(3)7.6%的学生存在形体烦恼,且女性多于男性;(4)8.9%的学生存在性别烦恼,且女性多于男性;(5)5.2%学生存在性器官烦恼,且男性多于女性;(6)5.1%学生存在容貌烦恼,男女之间没有差异.     

University students' Internet attitudes and Internet self-efficacy: a study at three universities in Taiwan.

This study was conducted to explore university students' attitudes and self-efficacy toward the Internet. Moreover, the relationships between their attitudes and self-efficacy toward the Internet were also investigated. The sample of this study included 1,313 students, coming from three universities in Taiwan. It was found that male students expressed significantly more positive attitudes than females on their "perceived control" of the Internet. The male students also revealed better Internet self-efficacy than their female counterparts. Moreover, students having more on-line hours per week, in general, displayed more positive Internet attitudes and Internet self-efficacy. In addition, students' grade level also played an important role in their Internet attitudes; graduate students tended to possess more positive Internet attitudes. More importantly, students' Internet attitudes were highly correlated with their Internet self-efficacy. The results in this study seemed to reveal that students' attitudes toward the Internet could be viewed as one of the important indicators for predicting their Internet self-efficacy. It is also suggested that some training programs or courses may be helpful in improving university students' attitudes and self-efficacy toward the Internet.     

积极情绪影响任务转换的性别和发展特点

情绪研究中的性别和年龄因素一直是不容忽视的问题.已有研究表明,积极情绪能够提高认知的灵活性,任务转换是认知灵活性的主要成分.本研究以52名大学生3、6名高中生4、5名初中生为被试考察积极情绪影响任务转换的发展变化和性别差异.结果发现,对于女性,积极情绪促进任务转换的现象,在三个年龄段上具有发展上的稳定性;对于男性,只在初中阶段表现出此特点,在高中阶段和大学阶段,积极情绪促进任务转换的现象不再明显.     

Ratings of emotion in laterally presented faces: sex and handedness effects

Sixteen right-handed participants (8 male and 8 female students) and 16 left-handed participants (8 male and 8 female students) were presented with cartoon faces expressing emotions ranging from extremely positive to extremely negative. A forced-choice paradigm was used in which the participants were asked to rate the faces as either positive or negative. Compared to men, women rated faces more positively, especially in response to right visual field presentations. Women rated neutral and mildly positive faces more positively in the right than in the left visual field, whereas men rated these faces consistently across visual fields. Handedness did not affect the ratings of emotion. The data suggest a positive emotional bias of the left hemisphere in women.