"文化理解"与价值冲突

本文以现代西方解释学为基本理论资源,指出古一今、中一外文化冲突的过程就是文化主体进行"意义"理解"的过程."理解"的对象,不是一般的"作品文本",而是"文化文本".文化冲突中价值建构的关键是确立"文化理解"的理念,进行"文化理解力"批判.文化目的性的合理性、"先见"的反思、创造力的培育,是"文化理解"的基本内涵;"忠实的理解"、"创造性的转化",是"文化理解力"的基本品质.     

和平队与美国文化外交

和平队是肯尼迪政府对发展中国家文化外交的重要举措之一.肯尼迪建立和平队的初衷是利用美国在经济、技术和文化上的整体优势,同苏联争夺广大的中间地带.他的手段是通过和平队志愿者的工作,为受援国公众在经济、文化、医疗等方面带来切实的好处,赢得这些国家公众对美国的理解及好感,从而向发展中国家展示并传播美国的文化及价值观念.这一过程本身加强了美国对外部世界的了解,并为美国的涉外部门培养了大量的人才,使得美国的对外决策更具针对性.     

Political Expectations and Cultural Perceptions in the Arab-Israeli Peace Negotiations

In the various Arab-Israeli peace negotiations that have taken place since the late 1970s, each party entered the process, and continues to function within it, from the vantage point of different political expectations and cultural perceptions. These differences derive from the political features and social structures of the Arab parties and the Israeli side, which range from hierarchical to networked. Israel leans toward hierarchical order, whereas the Arab parties are more networked; these differences in the social and political environments influence the negotiating culture of each party. Hierarchical states develop goal-oriented negotiating cultures, whereas networked states have process-oriented negotiating cultures. The expectations that each side has of the other side to fulfill its part of the bargain are different as well; in hierarchical states such expectations are based on contracts, whereas in networked states such expectations are based on trust. Because it is unlikely that different cultural perceptions and the gap between the parties can be significantly bridged, it may be possible to cope with mutual problems if all parties were willing to accept a reality of perceptional pluralism (i.e., negotiating asymmetric arrangements, rather then each party insisting on mutual accommodation based on its own perspective).     

Resolving Nationalist Conflicts: Promoting Overlapping Identities and Pooling Sovereignty—The 1998 Northern Irish Peace Agreement

Nationalist and ethnic conflicts are a continuing source of tension in the post–Cold War period. The underlying factors affecting such conflicts are threat perception, ethnic security dilemmas, and lack of trust between nationalist/ethnic groups. The challenge is to find solutions to these conflicts. International institutions can establish trust and reduce the ethnic security dilemma by providing multiple forums of representation, promoting overlapping identities, and pooling sovereignty. Pooling sovereignty across a number of international representative bodies leads to increased access to governmental policymaking, with each party having a stake in government, and leads to a reduction in political tension and conflict. Thus, international parliamentary institutions may provide a solution to these conflicts. The British-Irish Peace Agreement (Good Friday Agreement) of 1998 is examined as an illustration of this argument.     

和平与宗教

引言 2001年9月的悲剧性事件震惊了西方世界,尤其是震惊了美国.夹杂在其他事件之中,这一事件使得有必要留意去了解当代世界的这样一股强大的力量,这股力量有时被贴上黩武好斗、极端主义、原教旨主义和恐怖主义的标签.     

Religions and Conflicts

Many believe that a peaceful, tolerant and respectful coexistence among religions is not compatible with the conviction that only one of them is true. I argue that this ‘incompatibility problem’ (IP) is grounded in a ‘naturalistic assumption’ (NA), that is, the assumption that every subject, including religion, should be treated without taking into account that a super-natural being may exist and reveal to us an unexpected way to deal with our experience. I then argue that in matters of religion, NA is untenable and that its very opposite, which I call ‘super-naturalistic assumption’ (SA), should be adopted. My thesis is that, once SA is adopted, IP can be dismissed and that it is plausible to maintain that a peaceful, tolerant and respectful coexistence among religions is compatible with the conviction that only one of them is true.     

医患间的人际冲突与管理策略

医患间人际冲突是影响医患关系的重要因素,它对医患关系不仅能够产生消极的结果,还能够产生建设性的结果。分析了医患间人际冲突的本质、来源、影响以及冲突管理策略,旨在促进人们通过理解冲突的本质和产生的原因,实行有效的冲突管理策略,使冲突得到建设性解决,促进良好的医患关系的建立。     

医患文化冲突分析——对医患关系紧张的新审视

医患关系始终表现为一种文化关系,医患关系紧张问题有着复杂的文化根源,当前出现的医患关系紧张问题的实质就是医患之间存在文化冲突。从文化的视角对医患文化冲突的程度、引起冲突的原因以及发生冲突的文化主体进行重新审视,以期进一步认识紧张的医患关系。