提高消化性溃疡的愈合质量

提高溃疡愈合质量(QOUH)是消化性溃疡治疗的重要目标.溃疡愈合质量可以从再生黏膜的内镜下成熟度、组织学成熟度和功能成熟度3个方面进行评价.根除幽门螺杆茵、联用抑酸药物和黏膜保护剂、合理使用非甾体类抗炎药及中医中药等有助于提高溃疡愈合质量.     

消化性溃疡发病机理和治疗新理念

消化性溃疡的发病机理十分复杂,自从发现幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacterpylori,下称Hp)以来,人们对Hp发病机理的认识和治疗策略上都发生了根本性变化,为了阐明消化性溃疡的发病机理和治疗新理念,本文从以下几个问题进行讨论:(1)"溃疡愈合"和"溃疡治愈"与溃疡愈合质量关系;(2)Hp发现是消化性溃疡病因学和治疗学上的一场革命,根除Hp才能降低或预防溃疡复发;(3)保护胃及十二指肠黏膜屏障是治疗消化性溃疡最基本的手段;(4)消化性溃疡治疗新策略应该是:保护胃黏膜;抑制胃酸;根除Hp。希望对读者在对消化性溃疡发病机理的认识和治疗原则上有所指导。     

消化性溃疡发病机理和治疗新理念

消化性溃疡的发病机理十分复杂,自从发现幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,下称Hp)以来,人们对Hp发病机理的认识和治疗策略上都发生了根本性变化,为了阐明消化性溃疡的发病机理和治疗新理念,本文从以下几个问题进行讨论:(1)"溃疡愈合"和"溃疡治愈"与溃疡愈合质量关系;(2)Hp发现是消化性溃疡病因学和治疗学上的一场革命,根除Hp才能降低或预防溃疡复发;(3)保护胃及十二指肠黏膜屏障是治疗消化性溃疡最基本的手段;(4)消化性溃疡治疗新策略应该是:保护胃黏膜;抑制胃酸;根除Hp.希望对读者在对消化性渍疡发病机理的认识和治疗原则上有所指导.     

消化性溃疡研究的若干进展

消化性溃疡是世界性人类消化系统中常见病之一。随着人们对本病广泛而深入的研究,在基础和临床方面都取得突破性进展。在消化性溃疡发病机制中,由于H.Pylori的发现,使这古老的疾病,赋予了现代的概念,并使得消化性溃疡的治疗发生了重大的变革。目前已有多种H2-RA、PPI类药物治疗消化性溃疡,但其高复发率仍待解决。为提高溃疡愈合质量(Quality of ulcer healing),黏膜保护剂的研发和应用方兴未艾。从分子机制探讨消化性溃疡的病因,人们已发现一些与之相关的基因。相信基因疗法将为治疗消化性溃疡带来飞跃性的发展,应用相关基因编码产物,有望从根本上治愈消化性溃疡。     

消化性溃疡的检查方法及诊断标准

消化性溃疡主要发生于胃和十二指肠。常用的检查方法包括上消化道内镜检查和上消化道造影。内镜下对溃疡的评估可判断其出血的风险、愈合的情况。内镜下的活检病理检查可以鉴别良、恶性溃疡。幽门螺杆菌和胃泌素等检测有助于明确溃疡的病因。     

消化性溃疡的检查方法及诊断标准

消化性溃疡主要发生于胃和十二指肠.常用的检查方法包括上消化道内镜检查和上消化道造影.内镜下对溃疡的评估可判断其出血的风险、愈合的情况.内镜下的活检病理检查可以鉴别良、恶性溃疡.幽门螺杆菌和胃泌素等检测有助于明确溃疡的病因.     

幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗策略分析

研究发现幽门螺杆菌(Hp)与胃黏膜炎症,胃、十二指肠溃疡,胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤及胃癌等关系密切.然而,Hp感染的治疗应根据细菌本身的致病能力及肠黏膜免疫保护能力确定,对于有致病毒力的Hp感染应及时有效地根除,而部分情况下胃黏膜内Hp感染参与了黏膜免疫防御作用.     

幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗策略分析

研究发现幽门螺杆菌（Hp）与胃黏膜炎症,胃、十二指肠溃疡,胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤及胃癌等关系密切。然而,坳感染的治疗应根据细菌本身的致病能力及肠黏膜免疫保护能力确定,对于有致病毒力的坳感染应及时有效地根除,而部分情况下胃黏膜内坳感染参与了黏膜免疫防御作用。     

交腿皮瓣修复血栓闭塞性脉管炎的足底溃疡

为了探讨应用交腿皮瓣修复对侧血栓闭塞性脉管炎足底溃疡的临床效果,对2008年3月～2011年7月期间收治的8例血栓闭塞性脉管炎足底溃疡的患者进行研究,观察采用交腿皮瓣修复对侧足底渍疡的手术治疗效果。结果显示8例患者术后全部一期愈合,效果良好。因此,应用交腿皮瓣修复对侧缺乏有效动脉血供的血栓闭塞性脉管炎足底溃疡是一种简单...     

师范生教师职业成熟度问卷的编制

针对领域一般性职业成熟度测量中存在的问题,从领域特殊性视角出发,在开放式问卷调查的基础上编制了师范生教师职业成熟度问卷,包括师范生教师职业态度成熟度和师范生教师职业能力成熟度两个分问卷,经过对2056名大学生的初测和5512名大学生的正式实测,结果发现:(1)师范生教师职业态度成熟度问卷包括内在取向、确定性、独立性和外在取向四个维度,研究编制的师范生教师职业成熟度问卷具有较好的信效度。(2)一般职业成熟度无法替代师范生教师职业成熟度的测量结果。与非师范生相比,师范生在师范生教师职业成熟度问卷上的得分更高,师范生教师职业成熟度随年级升高呈增长趋势。这些结果对于师范生教师职业成熟度问卷的构想效度提供了较好的支持。     

成熟对青春期型反社会行为的影响

Moffitt的反社会行为发展理论将反社会行为分为两种类型, 即终身型和青春期型, 其中, 青春期型反社会行为在青少年群体中发生的频率更高, 它一般在青春期早期产生, 在青春期晚期或成年期早期结束, 青春期个体的发育成熟会对青春期型反社会行为产生影响。成熟包括生理成熟和心理成熟两方面, 生理成熟或心理成熟的单独影响和共同影响均从不同角度解释了青春期型反社会行为的产生、发展和停止：生理成熟对青春期型反社会行为具有发展和强化作用; 心理成熟对青春期型反社会行为具有减缓和削弱作用; 生理成熟与心理成熟的交互作用减弱或强化了青春期型反社会行为; 生理成熟与心理成熟之间的成熟差距抑制了青春期型反社会行为。未来的研究还需就拓展不同类型成熟的研究、改进成熟度的计算方法、结合青少年成熟特点进行有针对性干预等方面进行更多的尝试和探索。     

大学生职业成熟度研究述评

大学生处于职业发展的一个特殊阶段,职业成熟度是评价大学生职业心理发展水平的一把标尺。大学生职业成熟度理论基础主要有Super的职业终身发展观、Crites的职业成熟理论、Westbrook的认知职业成熟观和国内大学生职业成熟度七维模型。当前大学生职业成熟度已在人口学变量上进行了广泛的研究,今后的研究去向将更进一步呈现本土化趋势,采用质的研究和量的研究相结合的方法,就大学生职业成熟度与个体的认知、人格和情绪关系展开讨论。     

Mindfulness and spirituality as predictors of personal maturity beyond the influence of personality traits

Historically, the concept of human maturity has been discussed in the social science field. The process of attaining maturity has also been explored since last century. This study investigates the possible influences of mindfulness practice and spirituality in predicting maturity. The model of causes of maturity in this study assesses the contributions of personality, mindfulness, and spirituality in the prediction of maturity in a random sample of 537 Chinese adults. Results indicated that personality, mindfulness, and spirituality all correlated with maturity in many aspects. Multiple regression analyses found that mindfulness and spirituality each added an additional significant amount of variance in maturity after controlling for the influence of age and personality. As expected, when mindfulness and spirituality were practiced together, the amount of combined incremental influence on maturity was significantly greater than the amounts of incremental influence mindfulness and spirituality each alone had on maturity.     

自我概念、自立人格与师范生教师职业成熟度的关系

采用师范生教师职业成熟度问卷、田纳西自我概念量表和青少年学生自立人格量表对986名师范生进行调查,考察自我概念、自立人格对师范生教师职业成熟度的影响。结果表明:(1)师范生的自我概念与其自立人格、教师职业成熟度及其职业态度和职业能力均存在显著的正相关;师范生的自立人格与其教师职业成熟度、职业态度和职业能力也存在显著正相关;(2)师范生的自我概念主要通过影响其自立人格间接地正向预测教师职业能力;自我概念不仅可以直接显著地正向预测教师职业成熟度和职业态度,还可以通过影响个体的自立人格进而间接地正向预测教师职业成熟度和教师职业态度。这一结果表明自立人格在自我概念影响教师职业能力的关系中起着完全中介作用,而在自我概念影响教师职业成熟度和教师职业态度的关系中起着部分中介作用。     

Parents Perceived as Peers: Filial Maturity in Adulthood

Filial maturity refers to the adult offspring’s perception of parents as individuals with past histories and limitations. Three studies were conducted to measure filial maturity and its relational and developmental correlates. Study 1 included adults aged 18–59 to empirically assess filial maturity and its correlates across adulthood. Study 2 examined associations between filial maturity and constructs indicative of emerging adulthood (e.g., emotional autonomy), among people aged 18–24. Study 3 included young and middle-aged adults (N = 158; ages: 22–49) and their parents to assess associations between parents’ reports of relationship quality and offspring’s filial maturity. Offspring reported greater filial maturity with mothers and with parents with whom they reported greater relationship quality, closeness, and autonomy. Parents who reported greater relationship quality had offspring who reported greater filial maturity. Findings suggest that filial maturity is a dyadic phenomenon that influences parent child relationship quality across the lifespan.     

Vocational maturity in adulthood: Toward turning a model into a measure

It is postulated that adult vocational maturity needs to be assessed because of the changing developmental tasks encountered during the course of a career. Vocational maturity having been found to be multidimensional, existing undimensional inventories of adult vocational maturity are considered of limited although demonstrated validity. Relevant theories of adult vocational development and adjustment are reviewed. Super's proposed adult vocational maturity model is examined for the promise that it offers and for the problems that arise in developing a multidimensional measure of vocational maturity. A way of surmounting these problems is proposed as a basis for work now being undertaken.     

主动性人格与大学生职业成熟度的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

为考察主动性人格、职业决策自我效能感、就业压力和职业成熟度之间的关系,采用主动性人格量表、职业成熟度量表等对713名大学生进行调查。结果显示：（1）职业决策自我效能感在主动性人格与职业成熟度之间起部分中介作用,主动性人格既能直接预测职业成熟度,也通过职业决策自我效能感间接预测职业成熟度;（2）职业决策自我效能感的中介作用受到就业压力的调节,就业压力调节了职业决策自我效能感与大学生职业成熟度之间的关系。     

Emotional maturity,dispositional coping,and coping effectiveness among adolescent athletes

ObjectivesAlthough some scholars have suggested that coping is constrained by emotional maturity, little is known about the relationship between these constructs. In this paper we assessed a model that included emotional maturity, dispositional coping, and coping effectiveness. We predicted that emotional maturity would have a direct effect on coping effectiveness in addition to an indirect effect via task-, distraction-, and disengagement-oriented coping.DesignCross-sectional.MethodsSeven hundred and ninety athletes completed measures of emotional maturity, dispositional coping, and coping effectiveness. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling, which revealed partial support for our model.ResultsSeveral of the predicted paths were significant. In particular, there was a significant path between emotional maturity and task-oriented coping, but the paths between emotional maturity and distraction- and disengagement-oriented coping were not significant.ConclusionOur findings indicate that how an athlete copes might be limited by his or her level of emotional maturity, which provides further evidence that coping is constrained by maturation among adolescent athletes.     

大学生职业成熟度研究

本文对台湾学者的职业成熟度问卷进行了修订。结果显示经修订得到的大学生职业成熟度问卷具有较好的信度、效度,可以作为我国大学生职业成熟度的测量工具。