首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
青少年的学业成绩、亲社会行为与同伴接纳、拒斥的关系   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
王美芳  陈会昌 《心理科学》2003,26(6):1130-1131
1 问题提出  同伴关系在儿童青少年的发展和社会适应中起着重要的作用。良好的同伴关系有利于儿童青少年社会价值观的获得、社会技能的发展、自我概念和人格的健康发展等 ,而同伴关系不良则可能导致学校适应的困难 ,甚至可能对成年后的社会适应带来消极影响。许多研究发现 ,同伴关系在青少年期比儿童期显得更为重要和突出 ,例如 ,青少年对同伴文化的遵从明显增强 ,感情重心由父母转向亲密的朋友等。因此 ,对青少年同伴关系的相关因素的探讨 ,不仅可以增进我们对青少年同伴关系的了解 ,而且有助于帮助他们建立良好的同伴关系、更好地适应…  相似文献   

2.
依据青少年对亲社会行为的概念表征及其重视同伴关系的特点,从同伴关系的建立、维持和冲突解决三方面入手,结合社会技能的行为训练和认知训练,设置改善同伴关系的课程,对石家庄市某中学120名初中生开展10周(每周45分钟)的团体干预活动.结果发现,干预课程显著改善了初中生的同伴关系,并有效促进了他们的亲社会行为,特别是利他性、遵规与公益性和关系性亲社会行为.干预研究为青少年亲社会行为的培养提供了新的思路和方法.  相似文献   

3.
同伴团体对儿童青少年学业成就和社会功能关系的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
运用同伴评价、教师评估和学校记录等多种渠道收集关于同伴团体、社会功能、同伴接纳以及学业成就的资料,旨在考察同伴团体与儿童青少年学业成就和社会功能的关系。研究发现:绝大多数儿童青少年都有自己的同伴团体。这些同伴团体在学业成就上有很高的同质性。学业成就与社会适应无论在团体内的个体水平还是在团体水平上都密切相关。而且,团体的学业表现是个体学业成就和社会适应间的重要调节因素,表明团体学业规范对个体水平上学业成就与社会功能的关系有增强或是减弱的作用。这项研究再一次证明同伴团体在儿童个体发展中的重要意义。  相似文献   

4.
同伴与青少年吸烟行为关系的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
郑宇  方晓义 《心理科学》2000,23(6):746-747
同伴一直被认为是影响青少年发展的最重要的因素之一。在有关青少年吸烟行为的研究中,同伴无疑是研究的核心。回顾有关青少年吸烟行为研究的历史,我们发现主要有以下研究内容:  相似文献   

5.
父母和同伴因素对青少年饮酒行为的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
环境是影响青少年饮酒行为的重要因素之一。本研究以南京市初一、初二、高一、高二共995个中学生为被试,考察父母和同伴因素对青少年饮酒行为的影响以及相对影响力。要求青少年自我报告他们自己、父母和同伴的饮酒行为和态度以及父母监控、父母教养方式情况。结果表明:(1)青少年的饮酒行为较为普遍,70%左右的青少年曾饮过啤酒或葡萄酒,25%左右的青少年曾饮过白酒。约10%的青少年经常饮啤酒和葡萄酒,2%的青少年经常饮白酒;(2)父/母饮酒行为和态度、父母监控、父母教养方式、同伴饮酒人数和态度与青少年的饮酒行为显著相关;(3)Amos结果表明,父母饮酒行为和态度对青少年饮酒行为有直接的预测作用,父母饮酒行为和态度还通过同伴饮酒人数和态度间接地预测青少年的饮酒行为。同时,父母饮酒行为和态度对青少年饮酒行为的影响力大于同伴饮酒行为和态度的影响力。  相似文献   

6.
青少年更倾向于从事冒险或鲁莽行为, 并且更容易受到同伴影响。从个人特质和社交互动等多个角度探讨的研究结果表明, 同伴对青少年冒险行为存在助长作用, 即当同伴在场时, 青少年的行为会更加冒险。同伴对青少年冒险行为的作用机制可以从心理、神经、遗传、社会文化等多个层面进行解释:在心理层面, 这种影响源于青少年寻求同伴认可和归属感的需要, 以及社会学习的作用; 在神经机制层面, 源于认知控制网络和刺激处理系统的相互作用; 在遗传层面, 源于特定基因的易感性等; 在社会文化层面, 同伴影响会因文化差异而带来程度与表现上的差异。未来研究应从发展、文化心理、构建复杂模型网络等视角深入探究同伴对青少年冒险行为的影响。  相似文献   

7.
本研究应用科威和道吉(1983)的社会测量学分类方法,对具有不同同伴关系的儿童的行为特征进行了考察、结果表明,与西方心理学文献一致,受欢迎儿童具有较强的社会能力和积极的行为品质,被拒绝儿童倾向于具有攻击性、破坏性和学习困难。此外,被忽略儿童容易表现羞怯与焦虑行为,缺乏同伴之间的亲密感,而有争议儿童则具有积极和消极行为品质“两重性”。这一研究提供了社会测量学分类方法在中国文化中的有效性的初步证据。  相似文献   

8.
以675名初中和高中学生为被试,采用社会网络分析方法,获得506名青少年在其班级中的网络中心度,并确定他们所属的同伴团体,在此基础上考察同伴团体的行为规范对其问题行为的影响。结果发现:(1)在控制了班级层次的问题行为水平和其他相关变量后,同伴团体的问题行为水平能够正向预测青少年自身的问题行为;(2)青少年在同伴团体内部的地位能负向预测青少年的问题行为,青少年在班级社交网络中的度数中心度能正向预测其问题行为,而中介中心度能负向预测其问题行为;(3)交互作用分析表明:同伴团体的问题行为水平主要对低中介中心度的青少年产生显著影响;仅在问题行为水平较高的同伴团体中,青少年的度数中心度正向预测其问题行为。  相似文献   

9.
以22篇纵向社会网络分析研究文献(30项独立样本研究,27746个被试)为对象,使用元分析技术探讨青少年偏差行为的同伴选择和同伴影响效应假设。结果发现:(1)同伴选择和同伴影响效应都显著,但同伴影响效应显著大于同伴选择效应;(2)青少年发展阶段在同伴选择和同伴影响过程中存在显著的调节效应。在同伴选择过程中,青少年早期阶段不显著,而中、晚期阶段显著;在同伴影响过程中,青少年早、中期显著,晚期阶段不显著。(3)偏差行为类型在同伴选择和同伴影响效应中的调节效应不显著。(4)网络数量在同伴影响过程中存在显著的调节效应,随着网络数量增加同伴影响效应越可能成立。结论,中晚期青少年会基于偏差行为相似性选择朋友,早中期青少年会受朋友的影响而产生偏差行为。  相似文献   

10.
本研究旨在探讨最要好同伴吸烟、青少年个性特征与青少年吸烟行为的关系.对北京市一所普通中学和一所重点中学的1042名初一至高三学生进行问卷调查,让被试自我报告他们和最要好同伴的吸烟行为,以及他们的个性特点.结果表明:(1)吸烟和不吸烟的青少年在遵从动机、自我效能感上存在着显著的差异.与不吸烟青少年相比,吸烟的青少年表现出更高的遵从动机和更低的自我效能感;(2)青少年的遵从动机、自我效能感与最要好同伴吸烟行为间存在显著关系.遵从动机高、自我效能感低的青少年,其最要好同伴吸烟率要显著地高于遵从动机低、自我效能感高的青少年;(3)最要好同伴吸烟行为与青少年吸烟行为间存在极其显著的相关;(4)最要好同伴吸烟行为既对青少年吸烟行为产生直接作用,又通过自我效能感、遵从动机对青少年吸烟行为产生间接影响.但最要好同伴吸烟行为对青少年吸烟行为的直接作用要大于间接作用.  相似文献   

11.
方晓义 《心理学报》1994,27(3):240-246
随机从小六、初二、高一选择有效被试828名,检验同伴对抽烟和饮酒的常规压力、直接压力及其与青少年抽烟、饮酒行为的关系。研究使用纸笔测验,团体施测的方法测查了被试抽烟、饮酒的累计次数,同伴对抽烟、饮酒的常规压力和直接压力,其CronbachAlpha值分别为0.8615,0.8212和0.9500。结果表明:①在抽烟和饮酒之间,同伴常规压力、直接压力存在明显差异;同伴常规压力、直接压力与青少年抽烟、饮酒次数有显著相关;②同伴常规压力、直接压力存在明显的性别差异;对男生抽烟、饮酒次数的影响超过女生;③同伴常规压力、直接压力存在明显的年级差异;对初二学生抽烟、饮酒次数的影响超过其他两个年级的学生。  相似文献   

12.
该研究基于问题行为理论,采用问卷法对普通高中、中职院校689名青少年学生进行调查,探讨了积极同伴压力、自尊对青少年不同冒险行为的影响及其交互作用和学校差异。结果表明:(1)中职院校生的积极同伴压力和冒险行为都显著高于普通高中生;(2)积极同伴压力不能预测青少年的适应不良冒险行为,但可显著预测普通高中生的社会可接受冒险行为;(3)自尊可显著负向预测青少年的适应不良冒险行为,显著正向预测普通高中生的社会可接受冒险行为;(4)自尊仅可以调节普通高中生的积极同伴压力与社会可接受冒险行为的关系:高自尊增强了高积极同伴压力对青少年社会可接受冒险行为的影响;但它不能调节无论哪所学校青少年的积极同伴压力与适应不良冒险行为的关系。  相似文献   

13.
14.
    
This study reports a one‐year prospective investigation of the relations between overt and relational victimization and social anxiety and phobia in a sample of adolescents. The Social Experience Questionnaire—Self Report Form (SEQ‐S), Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS‐A), and Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI‐C) were administered to 144 ninth grade adolescents. A follow‐up assessment with the SEQ‐S, SAS‐A, and SPAI‐C was conducted one year later. Results indicated that relational victimization predicted symptoms of social phobia but not general social anxiety and avoidance one year later. Overt victimization was not a significant predictor of social anxiety and phobia one year later. Social anxiety and phobia did not predict peer victimization one year later. However, increases in social anxiety and social phobia symptoms (for boys) over time were positively associated with increases in relational victimization over time. Implications of these findings for peer victimization and social anxiety in the development of social phobia and negative peer experiences are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 00:1–16, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

15.
Adolescents perceptions of their friends behavior strongly predict adolescents own behavior, however, these perceptions often are erroneous. This study examined correlates of discrepancies between adolescents perceptions and friends reports of behavior. A total of 120 11th-grade adolescents provided data regarding their engagement in deviant and health risk behaviors, as well as their perceptions of the behavior of their best friend, as identified through sociometric assessment. Data from friends own report were used to calculate discrepancy measures of adolescents overestimations and estimation errors (absolute value of discrepancies) of friends behavior. Adolescents also completed a measure of friendship quality, and a sociometric assessment yielding measures of peer acceptance/rejection and aggression. Findings revealed that adolescents peer rejection and aggression were associated with greater overestimations of friends behavior. This effect was partially mediated by adolescents own behavior, consistent with a false consensus effect. Low levels of positive friendship quality were significantly associated with estimation errors, but not overestimations specifically.  相似文献   

16.
Background and Objectives: We investigated the specificity of social difficulties to social anxiety by testing associations of social anxiety and other anxiety presentations with peer acceptance and victimization in community and treatment-seeking samples of adolescents aged 12–14 years.

Design: Cross-sectional, quantitative survey.

Methods: Adolescents from the community (n?=?116) and a clinical setting (n?=?154) completed ratings of anxiety symptoms, perceived social acceptance, and peer victimization. Their parents also completed ratings of the adolescents’ anxiety and social acceptance.

Results: Social acceptance was lowest among adolescents with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and lower among adolescents with other anxiety disorders than in the community sample. Anxiety symptoms were negatively correlated with social acceptance, but these associations were not unique to social anxiety symptoms. Girls in the community sample reported more overt victimization than girls with SAD and with other anxiety diagnoses. Relational victimization was associated with social and nonsocial anxiety symptoms only in the community sample.

Conclusions: Our findings supplement recent laboratory-based observational studies on social functioning among adolescents with SAD and other anxiety disorders. Although social anxiety may be associated with unique social skill deficits and impairment, concerns about peer relations should also be considered among adolescents with other anxiety symptoms.  相似文献   

17.
One hundred and twenty alienated alcoholics were exposed to high and low status models claiming task success rates of 25% or 50%. The effects of such modeling on the subjects' claimed task success and mood were complex. Subjects exposed to a two-peer 2.5% rate increased their claimed task success on two tasks and decreased their depressive mood. Subjects exposed to a single-peer 50% rate changed only mood scores apparently due to rejection of the model (Semantic Differential). Overall findings suggest that behavioral changes produced appropriate mood changes and that modeling of modest success rates can produce these changes.  相似文献   

18.
雷雳  王燕  郭伯良  张雷 《心理学报》2004,36(5):563-567
运用同伴提名法、问卷法对82个班级4654名初中生的个体行为、朋友数量及学业成绩进行了测量,并用多层线性模型(HLM)对数据进行了分析处理。研究结果表明,在个体水平上,初中生的朋友数量和学业成绩对受欺负状况有明显的负向预测效果,初中生的攻击和退缩行为对受欺负状况有明显的正向预测效果。在班级水平上,班级的攻击行为范式可以减弱攻击行为和受欺负状况间的正向联系,增强退缩行为和受欺负状况间的正向关联;而班级的退缩行为范式则可以强化攻击和受欺负状况间的正向联系,弱化退缩行为与受欺负状况间的正向关联。  相似文献   

19.
Co-ruminating about one's problems appears to involve both beneficial self-disclosure and harmful rumination, suggesting that moderate levels may be the most adaptive. This study used nonlinear regression to determine whether moderate levels of self-reported co-rumination in relationships with a sibling, parent, friend, and romantic partner are linked to the highest levels of self-perceived social support and lowest levels of self-reported depression symptoms in 175 emerging adults (77% female; M = 19.66 years). As expected, moderate co-rumination was associated with high social support across all four relationship types, but, somewhat unexpectedly, high levels of co-rumination were also associated with high social support. As predicted, moderate levels of co-rumination with friends and siblings were associated with low levels of depression. Contrary to hypotheses, high levels of co-rumination were associated with high depression within romantic relationships. Co-rumination with a parent did not have a linear or quadratic association with depression. These findings suggest that high co-ruminating in supportive relationships and to a lesser extent low co-ruminating in unsupportive relationships are maladaptive interpersonal processes but that co-rumination's relation to depression depends on the co-ruminating partner. Psychotherapies for depression may target these maladaptive processes by supporting clients' development of balanced self-focused negative talk.  相似文献   

20.
    
《Behavior Therapy》2023,54(1):29-42
Socially anxious adolescents commonly experience impaired interpersonal functioning with unfamiliar, same-age peers. Yet, we lack short screening tools for assessing peer-related impairments. Recent work revealed that a parent-reported, three-item screening tool produced scores that uniquely related to social anxiety concerns. However, this tool ought to go beyond linking impairments to service needs (i.e., social anxiety symptoms). This tool should also inform the goals of services, in particular by linking impairments to key domains relevant to therapeutically addressing adolescents’ anxiety-related needs, such as social skills when interacting with unfamiliar peers. This requires an assessment approach that involves strategic selection of informants who vary in their expertise for observing anxiety-related needs, as well as the therapeutic goals for addressing anxiety-related impairments (e.g., social skills within peer interactions). We leveraged parents’ reports to link impairments to social anxiety-related needs. To link impairments to social skills, we leveraged informants (i.e., unfamiliar untrained observers [UUOs]) who observed adolescents within tasks designed to simulate interactions with same-age, unfamiliar peers. We tested this approach using a mixed-clinical/community sample of 134 adolescents, ages 14- to 15 years old. We leveraged multi-informant survey reports to assess adolescent social anxiety, and trained independent observers rated adolescents’ social skills within unfamiliar peer interactions. Parents’ reports performed best when distinguishing adolescents on referral status and predicting survey-reported social anxiety, whereas only UUOs’ reports predicted independent observers’ social skills ratings. These findings inform the strategic selection of informants for assessing impairments that commonly prompt the need for adolescents to access mental health services for social anxiety.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号