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本文通过对 1 980~ 1 998年间 6种“核心”心理学期刊所发表论文题目的关键词、参考文献引用杂志的分析 ,对认知心理学、行为主义、精神分析和神经科学四种心理学流派在中国的发展做了研究 ,得出以下结果 :(1 )认知心理学研究论文的数量快速增长 ,神经科学领域的研究略有增加 ;(2 )四学派在中国受重视的程度依次为认知心理学、神经科学研究、行为主义、精神分析 ;(3 )精神分析和行为主义的研究极少。 相似文献
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心—脑—行为关系的探索是生理心理学的主要研究任务,也是神经科学、神经心理学、比较心理学等等多种学科的交叉研究主题交会点、多种学科的交叉研究和边缘科学的形式、发展和所起作用产生的巨大力量是促进当代科学发展的潮流。然而在美国心理学界有部分学者在神经科学与生理心理学的学科交叉研究的进展中,却产生一种学术观点的分歧,他们在神经科学细胞分子水平高级实验技术的脑功能定位研究进展现实情况下感到:不少生理心理学者从心理学领域直插神经科学,忽视生理心理学的基本知识传统,必定会干扰脑-行为关系的整体理论建设,回避概念的发展而集中精力于实验只能得到简单的结论,使脑和行为关系变得暗昧无知。本文对这种观点予以评逆,认为神经科学对脑——这一心理功能器官的微观结构探索是促进生理心理学科研究主题任务解决的积极因素,不致引起生理心理学学术本质上的“危机”,甚至是赋于生理心理学术思想发展活力的积极因素。 相似文献
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神经经济学:迈向脑科学的决策科学 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
神经经济学是一门应用神经科学技术来确定经济决策的神经机制的新兴学科。文章首先概述了神经经济学这一学科,说明了经济学、心理学和神经科学与神经经济学之间的关系并主要介绍决策与奖惩系统和情绪在神经经济学中的研究发现及相关理论。文章最后评价了神经经济学在发展中的问题。 相似文献
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人类自我概念的心理表征在心理学和哲学有深入的研究, 跨文化心理学研究揭示了东西方文化自我概念的结构差异。近年来神经科学借助脑功能成像开始研究自我相关信息加工过程的神经机制, 并探讨是否存在文化特异的自我概念的认知神经表征。跨文化神经成像研究表明自我概念在知觉水平和人格特征表征方面都存在文化差异, 本文综述该领域的研究进展。跨文化和文化启动神经成像研究结果有助于我们理解自我概念表征文化差异背后的神经机制。这些研究推动了文化神经科学的发展。 相似文献
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扣带皮层的生理心理机能 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
扣带皮层是边缘系统(1imbic system)的主要部分,在经典Papez环路中,它作为关键神经部位而参与情绪活动,然而关于其机能的这种传统观点如今被临床与实验研究证明是过于简单化了。神经生理学与神经心理学诸多研究表明,扣带皮层具有多方面的生理心理机能,不仅与情绪有关,而且涉及感知觉、运动、注意、记忆以及其它高级认知过程。扣带皮层的机能到底有多复杂?近年来越来越多的新研究尤其是脑机能成像研究正不断予以揭示,一些重要结果在 《Science》、《Nature》以及其它一些主要神经科学研究学刊上发表,已逐渐成为一个研究焦点。 相似文献
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文化神经科学是在宏大的文化背景下来全面深入考察个体的"心理、行为与脑认知机制"之间规律的一门学科。文化神经科学所倡导的神经-文化交互作用模型表明该学科以融合视野引领心理学研究范式的变革成为可能。同时,从文化学视野来审视,亦折射出其在文化学层面的短板,即人文精神与文化意蕴在"文化"名义下日渐式微。 相似文献
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有关具身认知思潮的理论心理学思考 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
具身认知强调了心智或认知对身体及其感觉运动系统的依赖性。与传统认知心理学的符号加工模式不同的是, 它认为身体的构造和状态、身体的物理属性及其大脑与身体的特殊感觉—运动通道对认知具有塑造作用。认知既是具身的, 也是嵌入的, 大脑嵌入身体、身体嵌入环境, 构成了一体的认知系统。最初, 具身认知仅仅是一种反对笛卡尔身心二元论的哲学思潮, 经由认知科学哲学和理论心理学而逐渐进入了实验领域。具身认知研究充分利用了神经科学的方法和技术、数据和结论, 但是它并不主张把心理还原为生理或物理, 同时, 具身认知的神经科学取向仅仅给传统心理研究提供一个认识心智的新视角, 其目标并非取消行为水平的心理研究, 因此不会损害心理学的独立地位。 相似文献
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Mirari Elcoro Alexander Backer 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2021,115(1):242-254
The intersection of the lives of 2 essential individuals in science, behavior analyst Murray Sidman (1923-2019), and Henry G. Molaison also known as Patient H.M. (1926-2008), warrants examination as it highlights the role of behavior analysis and other disciplines in the emergence of modern neuroscience and a collaborative approach to science. This paper describes the historical context and content of two publications by Sidman in which Molaison served as a research participant. The goal of the present paper is to emphasize this little-known facet of Sidman's rich career and to highlight the pioneering role of behavior analysis, and particularly the work of Murray Sidman, in the emergence of collaborative modern neuroscience. 相似文献
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Miller GA 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2003,7(3):141-144
Cognitive science is a child of the 1950s, the product of a time when psychology, anthropology and linguistics were redefining themselves and computer science and neuroscience as disciplines were coming into existence. Psychology could not participate in the cognitive revolution until it had freed itself from behaviorism, thus restoring cognition to scientific respectability. By then, it was becoming clear in several disciplines that the solution to some of their problems depended crucially on solving problems traditionally allocated to other disciplines. Collaboration was called for: this is a personal account of how it came about. 相似文献
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认知心理学以实验法为其方法论基础,着力对人类的认识过程进行模型建构。然而,早在20世纪70年代初,其创立者奈塞尔就对心理学的实验范式感到不满,转而寻求心理学的生态学效度。心理学中对实验法的推崇源于自然科学特别是物理学的成功。而实际上,物理学在20世纪初遭遇了实验法所带来的困境。受制于实验法的种种局限,当代认知科学逐渐放弃了方法论的沙文主义立场,接纳了来自语言学、哲学、神经科学等多领域、多视角的研究策略。心理学在一定程度上具有人文科学的性质,因此同样需要采用多重研究手段和方法,而不是一味地笃信实验法的权威性。 相似文献
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Neuroeconomics: cross-currents in research on decision-making 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite substantial advances, the question of how we make decisions and judgments continues to pose important challenges for scientific research. Historically, different disciplines have approached this problem using different techniques and assumptions, with few unifying efforts made. However, the field of neuroeconomics has recently emerged as an inter-disciplinary effort to bridge this gap. Research in neuroscience and psychology has begun to investigate neural bases of decision predictability and value, central parameters in the economic theory of expected utility. Economics, in turn, is being increasingly influenced by a multiple-systems approach to decision-making, a perspective strongly rooted in psychology and neuroscience. The integration of these disparate theoretical approaches and methodologies offers exciting potential for the construction of more accurate models of decision-making. 相似文献
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Teaching of responsible conduct of research is largely predicated on the assumption that there are accepted standards of conduct that can be taught. However there is little evidence of consensus in the scientific community about such standards, at least for the practices of authorship, collaboration, and data management. To assess whether such differences in standards are based on disciplinary differences, a survey, described previously, addressing standards, practices, and perceptions about teaching and learning was distributed in November 2010 to US faculty from 50 graduate programs for the biomedical disciplines of microbiology, neuroscience, nursing, and psychology. Despite evidence of statistically significant differences across the four disciplines, actual differences were quite small. Stricter measures of effect size indicated practically significant disciplinary differences for fewer than 10 % of the questions. This suggests that the variation in individual standards of practice within each discipline is at least as great as variation due to differences among disciplines. Therefore, the need for discipline-specific training may not be as important as sometimes thought. 相似文献
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The papers in this special issue make important contributions to a longstanding debate about how we should conceive of and explain mental phenomena. In other words, they make a case about the best philosophical paradigm for cognitive science. The two main competing approaches, hotly debated for several decades, are representationalism and enactivism. However, recent developments in disciplines such as machine learning and computational neuroscience have fostered a proliferation of intermediate approaches, leading to the emergence of completely new positions, in particular the Predictive Processing approach. Here, we will consider the different approaches discussed in this volume. 相似文献
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文化心理学的启示意义及其发展趋势 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
心理学的研究对象乃是一种文化现象,是与人类文化互相创生发展的过程。心理学研究对象的独特性质决定着,心理学研究不可能脱离具体的文化背景。文化心理学的兴起适时地满足了当代心理学发展的要求。作为心理学研究的一种重要视角,文化心理学蕴涵着对心理学的研究对象、研究方法、研究目标及学科性质的独特理解。由于文化心理学兴起的时间较短,它必然还要不断吸取各种养分,实现内部取向的不断整合,提出更加明确的研究纲领。 相似文献
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This article discusses the disconnect between industrial-organizational (I-O) and vocational psychology in the context of Donald Paterson’s career, an applied psychologist who bridged both disciplines. Paterson’s interests in both vocational guidance and personnel selection suggest that these fields are interwoven, despite the prevailing gap separating them in science and practice. Current trends in I-O psychology are discussed that suggest the field is beginning to reconsider the importance of vocational psychology in the modern workplace. We argue that I-O psychology would benefit from such a reconnection by acknowledging its ethical responsibility to improve the workplace for both management and the worker. 相似文献
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简评认知神经科学取向的智力观 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着认知神经科学与生物技术的发展,现当代智力理论的构建明显地受到其影响。这些智力理论被称之为认知神经科学取向的智力观,如Garlick的神经可塑性模型;Das等人根据Luria的神经模型提出的智力PASS模型;Kaufman提出的儿童评估成套测验(K-ABC);Ceci的生物-生态学智力模型及Perkins的真智力理论等。这些智力观都直接将认知神经过程或神经生物学的某些研究成果融合于其理论模型之中。认知神经科学取向的智力观为智力研究提供了新的研究视角和思考维度,但同时也可能面临某种发展困境。第二代认知科学的具身认知思想可能是解决传统身-心争论的有效途径。 相似文献