Caring,Social Policy,and Homelessness

Care theory offers a way to overcome a weaknessof liberalism – its reluctance to intervene inthe private lives of adults. In caring for thehomeless, we must sometimes use a limited formof coercion, but our intervention is alwaysinteractive, and the process of finding asolution is one of negotiation between theneeds expressed by the homeless and the needswe infer for them.     

医院的社会责任:伦理学视角

讨论了评价医院管理行动的伦理框架,严峻的卫生形势,医院的社会责任,其中着重讨论参与全面建设小康社会;向社会提供公平的卫生保健服务;重建医患信托关系以及调整与企业关系防止利益冲突.     

论卫生领域中的政府角色与社会政策

从政府组织存在基本命题、社会政策变革趋势入手,深入探讨卫生领域内政府认知、政府角色、卫生政策现状及发展客观要求,提出新时期公共服务型政府能否制定并执行理性卫生政策,对管理伦理、管理机制和管理意识三方面的必要调整是关键。     

从深层次研究和认识卫生改革的方向与目标

20年的卫生改革是伴随着社会经济改革与发展的过程慢慢地进行摸索,改革的‘彼岸’并没有一个清晰的图景;由于改革的目标模式所提供的信息是不充分的,我们没有更多的信息来判断我们改革的进程与结果。因此,卫生改革最迫切的事情是需要更大的耐心,以新的认识,新的理念和勇气,来进行系统的反思,以促进卫生改革从一种经验性的改革进入到一种理性的改革过程。     

老龄化社会对老年人社会关怀对策的研究--对北京市老年人社会关怀调查的报告

我国进入老龄化社会的现实已经得到了全社会的广泛认同,但是社会缺乏必要的准备与对策;观念陈旧、重视不够、政策缺失、机构不足是当前急需解决的主要问题,应当引起全社会的极大关注,要集中力量,加强对策的研究与对策的实施,应对老龄化社会的挑战.     

以新型农村合作医疗为平台加强农村妇幼保健工作

住院分娩是否应该纳入新型农村合作医疗的补偿范围,目前在学术界和实践中仍然存在争议。以陕西省镇安县为案例,从公共政策分析的角度,通过对该县定额住院分娩制度运行效果的分析,论证了把住院分娩纳入合作医疗补偿范围的积极意义,同时针对该制度运行过程中出现的问题提出了相应的政策建议。     

论"以人为本"的新大众保健观--提高全民健康素质的重要话题

21世纪的新大众保健观,应及时反映科学发展的新成就,以更好地服务于大众不断提高健康需求.为此,高度重视重构和宣传"以人为本"的新大众保健观,理应成为全面小康社会公共卫生建设的一个重要话题.     

印度农村医疗的现状与对策

自印度独立以来,政府就致力于采取各种有力措施来改善人们的健康情况并已卓见成效。尽管印度政府采取了一系列的发展政策,经济、地区发展不平衡及男女不平等还是为医疗部门带来了巨大的挑战。分析印度政府在农村所面临的问题以及为解决这些问题政府颁布的新政策。     

医疗社会工作：现实意义和发展趋向

医疗社会工作是社会工作专业的重要实务领域之一,在西方发达国家的医疗事业中扮演着不可替代的角色,具有解决患者及其家属问题、处理医患关系,并促进公共卫生政策的改善等多种功能。从我国目前的发展来看,尚处于起步阶段,还有诸多需要努力的方面,包括完善相关政策、提高服务质量、修正教育模式、突出中国特色等。     

Social Responsibility and the Mental Health Professions

Summary

While mental health professionals tend to primarily focus on their professional responsibilities toward the specific members of the public whom they serve, many are also concerned about positively impacting the broader society or culture in which they live and work. This notion of social responsibility is addressed in the ethics codes of both psychologists and social workers. This article reviews how this notion is addressed for these two mental health professions and also examines the changes that have occurred for psychologists between the 1992 and 2002 ethics codes. Finally, some general issues regarding the role of mental health professionals in changing society are considered.     

Social Phobia and the Experience of Shame: Childhood Origins and Pastoral Implications

While social phobia is typically diagnosed in adolescence, the roots of social phobia are found in childhood experiences of shame. When shame occurs because of a failure to meet a child’s need this creates a fundamental uncertainty which can become internalized in the form of self-contempt. Emotions such as sadness are sometimes forbidden by caregivers, and the expression of natural sexual drives are sometimes prohibited. Such experiences create shame and may keep the person from feeling emotions and drives because shame has displaced the real emotion. The fractures in early relationships can be restored through the healing presence of another. The pastor has access to persons with social phobia who may not be willing to seek psychiatric care and is in a unique position to bring the resources of the church to bear in the lives of persons with social phobia. To do so, she moves away from the extroverted frame of reference within which the church frequently operates.Philip Browning Helsel, a graduate of Princeton Theological Seminary, serves as a Chaplain Resident in the Clinical Pastoral Education program at Yuma Regional Medical Center in, Yuma, AZ     

Impact of a System of Care on a Community's Children's Social Services System

Researchers and practitioners have questioned how the implementation of a system of care influences the broader context of children's social services within a community. We examined the impact that the Dawn Project system of care had on children's services in Marion County, Indiana. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted in order to gain a broad understanding of stakeholder perspectives related to how system-level and other community leaders viewed system of care influences. Qualitative analyses uncovered several common themes including positive impact at the community level, challenges to implementation, and feelings of ambivalence related to program impact. Results were generally positive and suggested that most respondents saw core system of care principles beginning to emerge within the community related to the establishment of the care system. In addition, challenges to implementing the system of care also were uncovered, including some underlying resistance to system-level changes. Implications from our study highlight the importance of continuously working to enhance strengths and collaboration among systems, integrate and coordinate across systems and services, and authentically involve families at all levels.     

The Influence of Ethnicity,Social Class,and Context on Judgments About U.S. Women

Abstract

In 2 studies, the authors investigated impression formation as influenced by category-based stereotypes associated with ethnicity and social class. The participants in Study 1 made judgments about 1 target woman, described as interested in running for office in the Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) of her children's school. The hypothetical woman was presented to the respondents along with her photograph and information about her ethnic background (Anglo-Saxon, Latina, or Jewish) and occupation (middle class or working class). In Study 2, the authors changed the context and presented a younger target woman (also varied by ethnicity and social class) to the respondents as the new girlfriend of their older brother or cousin. In both studies, judgments were assessed by the participants' responses to 45 bipolar adjectives that, in each case, yielded 8 component factors. In both hypothetical contexts, social class was a powerful trigger for a variety of negative expectations: With respect to ethnicity, the Latina women were judged to be more unsuitable for the job of PTO vice president than were the Anglo-Saxon or Jewish women. The authors discussed potential psychological and social consequences of such category-based judgments.     

A role for clinical psychology in health care and policy concerning the physical environment

Some persons adversely react to specific environments, while others are impervious or actually thrive. Medical attention often overlooks such sensitivities to the physical environment. Such sensitivities, including phobias and seasonal affectivity, fall within clinical psychology's purview. A theoretical/clinical approach called the Synchronous Systems Model, which defines and uses individual differences in people and in settings, could serve medical health care and policy. When specific people are matched appropriately with specific treatments within the most propitious settings, cost effectiveness and medical efficacy rise. Such documented accountability could make clinical psychologists central to triage of medical services as well as health care policy in these days of the shrinking health care dollar. The Synchronous Systems Model provides theory, supportive data, and clinical assessment devices to strengthen clinical psychology's role in medical settings.     

我国农村初级卫生保健制度发微

集中梳理和总结有关中国农民初级卫生保健,特别是农村卫生投入和补偿机制、农村公共卫生和预防保健的文献,结合实地调研中发现的问题和矛盾,分析当今中国初级卫生保健的倾向、面临的问题,和当前我国卫生资源科学、合理利用以及可持续发展的滞碍所在,从理论与实证研究的角度提出未来的工作方向和政策建议。     

和谐社会卫生观论纲

和谐社会卫生观是在卫生事业的发展中人与自然;人与社会;卫生事业与社会;卫生事业内部子系统;卫生政策主体与客体处于一种互动共生的观念.和谐社会卫生观的基本内涵是:有序、平衡、协调、良性运行与发展.和谐社会卫生观既是一种世界观,也是一种方法论.在卫生领域,是一种卫生观.     

Attitudes to women in society: the role of social dominance orientation and social values

his research assessed the extent to which attitudes to women in society are predicted by the personality trait social dominance orientation (SDO) as well as the values international harmony and equality (INT) and national strength and order (NAT). Respondents were a community sample of adult non‐students (N = 158). Sex differences were observed on INT and attitudes to women. Multiple regression analyses showed sex differences in the extent to which SDO predicts attitudes to women, while no support was found for the view that social attitudes are underpinned by both security and harmony values. The results are discussed with reference to social dominance theory and the nature of the security value domain. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅析中国社会政策的价值选择与伦理定位——以公民权利为视角

任何政策制定和执行都由一定的理论基础和价值理念作为支撑,对于我国的社会政策体系构建而言,只有在全面把握社会发展的客观进程的基础上,突破以往的狭隘视角,以生活质量、公民权利、主动参与等更为宽阔的角度出发来确定社会政策体系中福利、贫困等核心概念,才能为社会政策体系的制度设置奠定坚实而长效的价值基础。     

Social representations of health and illness: the case of the Chinese community in England

This paper reports results from a qualitative study on social representations of health and illness among the Chinese community in England. It is assumed that representations of health and illness are grounded in cultural frameworks and are constructed through communication, social interaction and the practices of daily life. Our findings show that in spite of differences related to age and degrees of acculturation, Chinese people in England share a common representational system with respect to health and illness. This system is based on the traditional notions of “balance” and “harmony” between the interdependent forces of Yin and Yang. Health results from balance, whereas illness is brought about by disequilibrium. It is through these traditional Chinese concepts that Western biomedical knowledge is incorporated, producing a mixed representational field where Chinese and Western knowledge co‐exist. This representational field is transmitted through the most fundamental dimensions of culture: food, language and kinship relations. We conclude by showing that social representations of health and illness are inseparable from the struggles over identity experienced by the Chinese people in England. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.