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学习不良儿童元记忆监测与控制的发展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用2×3×2的混合设计,在自定步调和对项目逐项评定的学习条件下,对小学四~六年级学习不良儿童的元记忆监测与时间分配策略进行了实验研究。结果表明:在对学习材料难度的有效区分上,学习不良儿童与对照组儿童间无差异,不论学习不良组还是对照组,四年级儿童均不能对实验中配对学习材料难度性质做出明确区分,五、六年级儿童能够很好的区分学习材料难度;在学习判断水平上,五、六年级学习不良儿童均低于对照组儿童,四年级两组之间无差异;从对不同难度学习材料的时间分配来看,四年级学习不良儿童与对照组儿童分配在不同难度材料上的学习时间均无显著差别。五、六年级对照组儿童能够根据学习材料的不同难度分配不同学习时间,而且学习时间分配与难度判断之间存在显著相关。五、六年级学习不良儿童能在一定程度上根据学习材料的不同难度分配不同的学习时间,但这种时间分配与难度判断之间相关未达到显著水平,提示他们尚不能在有效元记忆监测基础上对不同难度学习材料进行合理的时间分配 相似文献
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学习态度与学习行为的相关性研究 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
按照态度的结构理论,态度包含认知、情感和意向三种成分。该研究采用问卷测查的方式,考察了学习态度中的三种成分与学习行为的关系。结果表明,影响学习行为最主要的因素不是认知,而是意向和情感。所以要使学生真正形成一种能够促进学习行为的积极的学习态度,关键在于使他们产生对学习的愉悦体验和强烈的投入意愿。 相似文献
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28 dextral males participated in a within-subjects experiment which tasted for the effects of question type (verbal versus spatial) and experimenter-position (in front of or behind the subject) on direction of conjugate lateral eye movements (LEMs) and bilateral differences in skin conductance responses (SCRs). Question dependent asymmetries were observed for LEM direction but not for SCR magnitude. Experimenter-position had no significant effect. The results for LEM direction are consistent with the hypothesis linking eye movements to the left or right with activation of the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the direction of gaze. The results for SCR magnitude, given certain assumptions, can be reconciled with a hemispheric model of contralateral excitatory control of that system. 相似文献
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本研究通过实验考察了计算机动态图像对文本学习的作用,发现其作用既与学习材料的性质有关,也与评价学习的方法有关。动态图像对具体性文本材料的理解、识记和保持都无明显作用;而对抽象性文本材料的理解有明显帮助,进而促进记忆的保持效果,其作用明显大于印刷品条件静止图像的作用。但对抽象性文本材料中关键词的识记则有明显不利的影响。 相似文献
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学习判断是元认知判断的一种重要形式,是个体对随后的记忆成绩的预测。当个体在多次学习-测验任务中学习词对时,学习判断出现了练习伴随低估效应。研究者对此进行了大量的实验并提出了多种理论,如线索应用模型,提取流畅性假说和基点-校正假说。但是,Koriat等人通过分析发现练习伴随低估效应可能不是单一因素作用的结果,而是多种效应共同影响作用的表现,并由此提出了记忆去偏差假说。文章指出了目前研究中还存在的问题以及未来研究的方向 相似文献
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M G Eley 《Acta psychologica》1983,53(1):27-35
Previous studies of the identification of rotated symbols have been restricted to either alphanumeric characters or symbols designed to be similar in complexity and type to alphanumerics. These researches have found identification response times to be independent of the magnitude of a symbol's angular displacement from a standard upright position, such findings being typically interpreted as supporting a feature extraction model of identification. In the present experiment complex Japanese characters were used to assess whether such a feature extraction interpretation could be generalized to identifying complex rotated symbols. Identification response times were also found to be constant across all non-standard orientations of the characters, supporting a feature extraction interpretation, but quicker times for standard cases suggested that some qualifications might be necessary. 相似文献
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J.G. OGorman 《Journal of research in personality》1974,8(2):198-202
The paper considers the issues, raised by Koriat et al. (1973), of the consistency and reliability of measures of habituation currently used in personality research. It is argued that the problem of reliability is not as serious as Koriat et al. proposed and that specificity of measures of habituation is a theoretical rather than a methodological problem. It is proposed that ambiguity in the literature on the personality correlates of habituation is more likely to be due to the failure to consider the effects of stimulus conditions on habituation than to the problems of reliability and specificity. 相似文献
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S. Wiegersma 《Acta psychologica》1982,52(3):249-256
In this study sequential bias in randomized response sequences is simulated by computer. The computer model assumes that response bias is composed of two components. The first is a repetition avoidance tendency, which is simulated by a memory search through the seven most recently produced responses, and the second is a repetition tendency for the two most recently produced responses. This repetition tendency is assumed to be related to the better availability of recently produced responses. Both processes together give a reasonable approximation of human subjects' data.The results can be explained by the assumption that subjects try to control perseveration tendencies by using a comparison-based memory search mechanism. 相似文献
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Two hundred consecutively seen aphasics, 142 of them with infarcts, were examined by tests of fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming, and information content. The language scores were subjected to a minimum variance clustering algorithm separately for the total and for the infarct groups. The latter generated 10 clusters on a dendrogram. Attribute analysis of each cluster provided a clinically meaningful profile of language performance for these groups. The degree of correlation of most computer generated clusters with clinically recognized groups was high, and the homogeneity of some of the clusters is striking. An exception appears to be “conduction aphasia,” which is bimodally distributed. One of these clusters, with high fluency and low comprehension scores, was renamed “afferent conduction” aphasia, and the other, with lower fluency and higher comprehension, was renamed “efferent conduction” aphasia. The Principal Components Analysis was used to evaluate the discriminatory value of language characteristics, and the Nearest Neighbor Network Analysis was used to evaluate the significance of clustering. The dendrogram for all aphasics showed a less specific and less homogenous six clusters. 相似文献
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Jun Saiki 《The Japanese psychological research》1998,40(3):144-155
This study investigated how consistency between categories and attributes determines attribute selection in hierarchical category learning. Participants learned six categories for which number and color were equally relevant attributes, followed by a transfer task, to test which attribute was used. Before that, half of them learned embedding higher-level categories for which numbers were likely to be used. Orthogonal to this factor, the hierarchical structure was made explicit for half of them by category labels. The results showed that participants used numbers in the prior learning, but that the use of numbers was inhibited in the subsequent six-category learning task. However, this inhibitory effect was reduced when the hierarchical structure was explicit. The pattern of results suggests that attribute selection is determined by structural consistency between categories and attributes, not by a prior use of an attribute. 相似文献
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启动效应与技能学习相互关系的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
利用字母光点和追踪旋转任务,分别对31名和32名大学生进行启动和技能学习相互关系的研究。结果发现:在两种任务内,被试的启动和技能学习存在相互独立的关系;在追踪旋转任务中,练习的频率对启动和技能学习都会产生影响。 相似文献
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员工自我调节学习的实证研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本研究以沿海和中原地区的国有、合资和私营企业的603名员工为被试,通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,探讨了员工自我调节学习的心理机制。研究结果表明,员工自我调节学习的基本结构包括学习动力调节和策略调节两个方面。研究结果为提高员工的自我调节学习水平提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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Claus-W. Wallesch Leif Henriksen Hans-H. Kornhuber Olaf B. Paulson 《Brain and language》1985,25(2):224-233
Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied by single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) of inhaled xenon-133 in six normal volunteers during various language, articulatory, and control conditions. Language production increased rCBF in predominantly left-sided cortical and subcortical areas. The involved regions were anatomically related to a left frontal area (Broca's), to both caudate nuclei, to a left thalamic/pallidal area, and bilaterally in retrorolandic areas. The failure to demonstrate lateralized retrorolandic activity is thought to reflect the complexity of the tasks. 相似文献
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This paper reports two experiments concerning the effects of word age-of-acquisition and other word attributes on speed of lexical decision. Analyses of group average data indicated that word length, frequency and familiarity were the major determinants of decision speed. Previous reports of age-of-acquisition effects on lexical decision are attributed to failures to control for word familiarity. 相似文献
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Lawrence I. Goldberger Lynne M. Ausman R.Charles Boelkins 《Learning and motivation》1980,11(2):185-207
The long-term effects of infantile malnutrition on information processing were studied in squirrel monkeys. From 2 through 8 weeks of age, four low-calorie infants were fed reduced amounts of a high protein diet, limiting their mean body weight gain to 23% of that of four well-fed controls, with all of this gain occurring during the first 2 weeks on the low-calorie diet. Thereafter, both groups received the standard diet ad libitum. At 68 weeks of age, incidental learning was tested by introducing shape cues that were redundant to the solution of a previously learned, two-choice, color discrimination. Removal of the color cues showed that the low-calorie monkeys had learned significantly less about the shape cues than had the controls. The basis for this incidental learning failure was then examined with an embedded-figures dicrimination, to measure attentional ability, and a novel stimulus substitution task, to measure curiosity. The groups did not differ in detecting embedded figures, but the low-calorie monkeys were significantly less likely than controls to select or handle novel stimuli that had been substituted for previously learned discriminative cues. It was concluded that undernutrition in infancy may induce a long-term strategy of only learning information which leads to an immediate reward, while suppressing the acquisition of information due to intrinsic curiosity. 相似文献
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Few studies have considered sex differences in occupational attutudes in minority group samples. Evidence of interracial differences in occupational attitudes, coupled with probably interracial differences in socialization processes, suggests that patterns of sex differences in occupational attitudes may not be invariant across races. Any such variations could contaminate interracial comparisons within sexes. The current study examined sex differences in occupational attitudes in two samples of poor minority group members. Differences regularly isolated in studies of whites were not evident. In both samples, rankings of preferences for work-related outcomes of males and females were remarkably similar. 相似文献