Les grands magasins de la médecine de Milton Friedman

The coronavirus pandemic has brought back the question in Western countries of the solidity of their health systems. This article discusses Friedman's 1962 piece of work, “Capitalism and Freedom”, and more specifically his presentation based on American occupational licensure. This research insists beyond the complexity of “de-licensing laws” passed for some U.S. health care facilities, on the consequences of a parasitic competition on health care ethics.     

Les modèles de changements de comportements dans le domaine de la santé

Chronic diseases require both a medical treatment that a patient adherence to health recommendations. These include changes in lifestyle to adopt healthy behaviors. However, these changes are hardly adopted by patients. This article provides a review of theoretical models to explain resistance to change or factors motivating new behaviors. After presenting the steps by which a person gets through when changing an aspect of her lifestyle, we will discuss the factors involved in motivational and volitional phases of change. Thus, in the motivational phase, we will refer to classic sociocognitive models, illness representations model and the self-determination model. In the volitional phase, we discuss concepts related to action monitoring and action planning, self-control, and the anticipation of barriers to help maintain the action in time.     

Les “règles de la discussion légitime” dans la logique de Port-Royal

In the XVIIth century the conflict which opposed the jansenists to the jesuits involved the problem of the due process in theological matter. The jesuits heralded the thesis that the infallibility of the Church has to be extended from dogmatics (quaestio iuris) to the historical facts (quaestio facti). On the opposite side Arnauld maintained that such an opinion was monstruous: also in religious matters the fact has to be proved according to the principles of a due process, and not by authority. In this article the thesis pleaded by the jansenists is considered in connection with the model of argumentative procedure offered by the Port-Royal logic.The Logique ou Art de penser (1622) by Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole seems to have rediscovered the classical principles of the theory of argumentation: from the burden of proof to the idea of probable truth. But really a new model of adversary-system has been introduced into the modern mind, which is very different in concept from the topical tradition. The basic metaphor of combat, implying that the truth will prevail in the fight, is compatible with the epistemological premises of the modern logic (as the separation between fact and value). Therefore the problem of the fact-finding seems to be attracted into the area of the logic of information, and not of the theory of argumentation.

     

Les groupes de parole de prévention de la récidive en France : observation des effets produits

Recidivism prevention became the core of mission of the probation service in France. Support groups were created in order to bring probationers’ social skills to enhance their reentry into society. This article describes the effects of such groups by evaluation of their effects on 19 probationers divided into 4 groups. Observations show that the effects are different according to the apprehension of subject, mission and which pedagogy is employed. Different process produced different effects onto probationers.     

Les conceptions hédoniques de la motivation

Hedonism is a psychological notion central to many conceptions of happiness and psychological well-being. Hedonism is also fundamental to motivation as a whole. The present article reviews four hedonic conceptions of motivation from a historical perspective: hedonism of instinct, hedonism as lack of arousal, hedonism as finding an optimum, hedonism as satisfaction to psychological needs. It appears that the first approach, linked to the instincts, is close to more modern conceptions such as satisfaction of psychological needs in a eudemonic perspective.     

La contribution des arbres de classification et de régression dans la prédiction de la récidive chez les délinquants sexuels adultes

Clinicians have access to several risk assessment instruments to evaluate the risk or recidivism in sexual offenders. Nevertheless, we seem to have attained a ceiling in the predictive validity of these instruments with the traditional techniques of items agglomeration. In this study, we offer a different combination of predictors with the classification and regression trees, and it, by taking into account the type of sexual offenders. The classification trees are constructed from predictors contained in seven actuarial instruments (VRAG, SORAG, RRASOR, STATIC-99, STATIC-2002, RM2000, MnSOST-R). In general, the classification trees have a higher predictive accuracy than the actuarial instruments and point out that it's not the same predictors that should be considered according to the type of offenders and the type of recidivism. Furthermore, classification trees identify correctly more recidivists than the best actuarial tool. In spite of the contribution of this approach, other types of predictors should also be considered to augment predictive accuracy: dynamic predictors, protective predictors as well as measurements based on theories like those on attachment styles (Marshall, D. R., Barbaree, H. E., 1990. An integrated theory of the etiology of sexual offending. In: Marshall, W. L., Laws, D. R. L., Barbaree, H.E. (Eds.), Handbook of sexual assault. New York: Plenum Press, pp. 257-275.) and cognitive distortions (Ward, T., Keenan, T., Hudson, S. M., 2000. Understanding cognitive, affective, and intimacy deficits in sexual offenders: a developmental perspective. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5, 41–62.).     

La décision médicale et la relation médecin–patient en oncologie

The announcement of the cancer diagnosis and his treatment is an important moment in the set up of the doctor–patient relationship. The law of contracts has long governed the relationship between the doctor and the patient. But the legislature clearly demonstrated its will to consider the patient as full actor of his health, leaving the regime of medical decision, the shared decision. This shared decision is based on an obligation to inform the patient on his health and knows many exceptions (minor patients or adults under guardianship, emergency). In Oncology, the medical decision is a decision coordinated between doctors in the multidisciplinary consultation meetings. This decision is considered as a guarantee of the quality of the medical care. It does not preclude the time of the doctor–patient relationship.     

Risques de la régulation médicale en médecine d’urgence. Analyse des dossiers de plaintes de la permanence des soins ambulatoire au SAMU du Var

Introduction

The non-urgent care requests depending on the continuity of care system have to be regulated by a regulating doctor of a medical emergency service call center. We aim to determine the risk factor of litigations about the regulation of the continuity of care system. So, the cases with friendly complaint and those with litigation have been compared.

Les cosmogonies modernes et la théorie de la connaissance

Ohne Zusammenfassung