Ontic Structural Realism and the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles

Recently, there has been a debate as to whether or not the principle of the identity of indiscernibles (the PII) is compatible with quantum physics. It is also sometimes argued that the answer to this question has implications for the debate over the tenability of ontic structural realism (OSR). The central aim of this paper is to establish what relationship there is (if any) between the PII and OSR. It is argued that one common interpretation of OSR is undermined if the PII turns out to be false, since it is committed to a version of the bundle theory of objects, which implies the PII. However, if OSR is understood as the physical analogue of (sophisticated) mathematical structuralism then OSR does not imply the PII. It is further noted that it is (arguably) a virtue of OSR that it is compatible with a version of the PII for possible worlds.     

Why the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles is not contingently true either

Faced with strong arguments to the effect that Leibniz'sPrinciple of the Identity of Indiscernibles (PII) is not a necessary truth, many supporters of the Principle have staged a strategic retreat to the claim that it is contingently true in this, the actual, world. The purpose of this paper is to examine the status of the various forms of PII in both classical and quantum physics, and it is concluded that this latter view is at best doubtful, at worst, simply wrong.I would like to thank Michael Redhead and an anonymous referee for several useful suggestions and criticisms relating to the earlier version of this paper. I must also acknowledge the support given by the Centre of Logic, Epistemology and History of Science of the University of Campinas and the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development in the later stages of the preparation of this work.     

佛教的同一律

根据印欧语系“是”具有是、有、在之义,重新解读了《薄伽梵歌》第二章第十六颂前半,认为它表述了同一律。借助英文名词须加前缀的语法特征,推测古梵文也许也存在着这一语法特征,并利用这一语法特征解读了《金刚经》的三段论,认为它是同一律的扩展形式,佛教的许多哲学概念正是由三段论加以规范,因而《金刚经》成为了佛教的哲学词典。同一律在行动上的应用则是悟。     

On the Schwartzkopff-Rosen Principle

Philosophia - Hume’s Principle (HP) states that the cardinal number of the concept F is identical with the cardinal number of G if and only if F and G can be put into one-to-one...     

论有益原则

试图澄清我国医学伦理学著作编写者以及医生在临床实践中往往加以混淆的有益和行善两个概念,并阐释有益这一最为基本的伦理原则的意义。由三部分组成：有益的概念、在一般哲学和伦理学语境中有益的意义,以及生命伦理学语境中的有益。结论是,使病人、受试者、公众、社会受益的有益原则是所有临床医生、与健康有关的科学家、公共卫生人员,以及与健康有关的政策制定者和立法者应该尽的义务,而不是可做可不做的“行善”。而且有益原则应该在诸伦理原则中拥有优先地位。

     

论医学伦理学的自主性原则

医学伦理学的自主性原则是对个人的自主和自由的尊重,其核心是对人权的尊重,包含有知情同意、保密、隐私等具体规则.自主性原则是根源于西方强调个性自由和选择的自由主义道德传统,我国古代哲人也提出过相近乃至相同的看法.     

论医学伦理学的自主性原则

医学伦理学的自主性原则是对个人的自主和自由的尊重,其核心是对人权的尊重,包含有知情同意、保密、隐私等具体规则。自主性原则是根源于西方强调个性自由和选择的自由主义道德传统,我国古代哲人也提出过相近乃至相同的看法。     

On some early objections to Bohm's theory

Recent literature on Bohm's alternative to mainstream quantum mechanics may create the misleading impression that, except for perfunctory dismissals, the theory was ignored by the physics community in the years immediately following its proposal. As a matter of fact, Einstein, Pauli, and Heisenberg all published criticisms of Bohm's theory, explaining their reasons for not accepting the theory. These criticisms will be discussed and evaluated in this article.     

On Replacing the Ethical Principle of Autonomy With an Ethical Principle of Accordance

The author defines and critiques the ethical principle of autonomy. As a concept, autonomy is most aligned with paradigms of counseling that focus on the individual as a psychological entity with moral agency. It is less consistent with frameworks that focus on relationships philosophically and in practice. Autonomy is paradoxical, because it is a consensually defined principle imposed on counseling practice while denying counselors a choice in its application. The author suggests accordance as an alternative ethical principle. Accordance is consistent with relational paradigms of practice and the other relationship‐focused ethical principles in counseling. Accordance fully contextualizes individual responsibility and choice.