Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents: A Practitioner's Guide,by M. A. Southam-Gerow

The effects of self-determined and high performance standards were compared to a non-treatment control condition on the spelling performance of 10 special education students for an entire school year. A yoking procedure was employed whereby pupils received the same number of points, based on their average scores in Baseline, regardless of being exposed to self-determined or high performance standards. The results indicated that superior performance occurred during both self-determined or high performance standards conditions when compared to the non-treatment control condition. This effect was significant standards conditions was significant (p=>.01. Suggestions for future research and implications of the present investigation were made.     

弱智儿童与正常儿童触觉长度知觉的对比研究

1　前言研究资料表明 ,弱智儿童动作笨拙 ,对动作的理解与模仿能力低于正常儿童 ;抓物时常常双手并用 ,右利手表现不突出 ;语言能力差 ,进步缓慢 ;他们的记忆力与正常儿童存在很大差别。　　本实验研究弱智儿童触觉长度知觉能力 ,并探讨他们该种能力低于正常儿童的脑功能基础。2　研究方法被试中的弱智儿童来自开封市两所弱智儿童学校 ,有效被试 3 5名 ,平均年龄 1 2 9岁 (最大年龄 1 5岁 ,最小年龄 1 0岁 ) ,平均智商 56 9。正常儿童来自河南大学附属小学和附属中学 ,共 3 5名 ,平均年龄 1 2 6岁。两组被试中的男女性别比例均接近对半。…     

The Children Helping Children Program: A Case Illustration

This article highlights the need for community and school-based programs for children of divorce and describes The Children Helping Children Program which was designed to respond to this need. A review of literature indicates that children of divorce typically experience school related problems including poor academic performance, depression, and disturbances in peer relationships. The review also points out that few support group programs are presently available, either in schools or through agencies for these children. Evaluative evidence consisting of parent comments at the conclusion of the program, followup questionnaire data collected at least four months after the program, and pre-post data pertaining to parenting effectiveness suggest that Children Helping Children may be a promising program. The need for further evaluative data in future implementations is discussed.     

学习困难儿童和非学习困难儿童元记忆特点的对比研究

本研究通过向62名学习困难儿童和56名非学习困难儿童呈现数字和图形两种记忆材料,就主试控制和被试控制条件下两类儿童的元记忆水平进行了对比研究,旨在找出学习困难儿童的元记忆特点,并在此基础上,进一步揭示两类儿童的元记忆水平与其记忆成绩之间的关系.研究结果发现学习困难儿童的元记忆水平明显低于非学习困难儿童,而且两类儿童的元记忆水平与其回忆量均有较高的相关.     

攻击性儿童的P300事件相关电位研究

运用听觉P300任务对攻击性儿童(17人,其中16名男孩,1名女孩)与对照组的正常儿童( 人数与性别分布同攻击组)的事件相关电位(ERP)进行比较,发现攻击性儿童P30 0的潜伏期较长,波幅尤其是额部波幅较小,表明攻击性个体存在认知加工缺陷,特别是选择性注意与调控机能缺陷.研究结果同时表明P300可以作为鉴别攻击性个体的一个可靠指标.     

Temperament Styles of Nigerian and U.S. Children

Abstract

Temperament styles of 400 Nigerian children are described in reference to possible gender and age differences and compared with those of 3200 U.S. children in light of Jung's theory of temperament as modified by Myers and Briggs, one that highlights four bipolar qualities: extroversion-introversion, practical-imaginative, thinking-feeling, and organized-flexible styles. Nigerian children generally prefer introverted to extroverted styles, practical to imaginative styles, feeling to thinking styles, and organized to flexible styles. In contrast to males, females are more likely to prefer feeling and organized styles. Age differences are seen only on organized-flexible styles, with a preference for flexible styles increasing with age. In contrast to U.S. children, Nigerian children tend to express higher preferences for introversion, practical, feeling, and organized styles.     

Children and computers. Approaching the twenty-first century

The "effects" that various forms of "computer" use are likely to have on different children's learning, motivation, and social behavior have been a source of heated debate and continuing controversy. In this article, various aspects of this controversy are characterized, and sources of disagreement concerning educational computing are examined. Difficulties in the current state of empirical research in this area are then considered, and recommendations regarding directions for future research are proposed.     

Neglected and Rejected Children: A Social-Skills Model

This study examined the hypothesis that rejected children's inability to interact successfully with their peers stems from misperception of nonverbal communication cues, whereas neglected children have the necessary perceptual skills and their inability arises because they are unable to use them. Comparisons were made among 5- and 9-year-old neglected, rejected, and control children (six groups, N = 15 per group) on four tasks: affective empathy, cognitive empathy, decoding of facial expressions of emotion, and decoding of emotional situations. The results, which were consistent with the hypothesis, are interpreted in a social-skills model based on the work of Argyle and Powers.     

A Comparison of Drawings and Sentence Completion Responses of Congenital Heart Children with Normal Children

The House-Tree-Person, Sentence Completion and Inside-of-the-Body tests were administered to 20 congenital heart children and their matched controls. The stories of the H-T-P test of the congenital heart children tended to have more themes about illness-health, and life-death than those of the normal children. Similarly, more themes of illness-health were found in the congenital heart children on the Sentence Completion test (P < .001). Although the congenital heart children did not draw a greater number of hearts than the control children, they did reveal a tendency to draw relatively larger hearts and relatively fewer other internal organs (P < .05).

A major implication of the findings is that the body distortion of a congenital heart child pertains more to his perception of the inside of his body than to the view of his external body. This suggests that the Inside-of-the-Body test would be a useful addition to projective techniques aimed at investigating distortion of body image by the physically handicapped.     

A New State-Level Index of Child Well-Being for Young Children in the U.S.

Public interest and public policy attention on the importance of cognitive and social development of young children has increased in recent years, at least in part, because scholars and researchers have found that experiences early in life have critical developmental consequences. Although scholars have generated a great deal of data on young children, relatively little is known about spatial variation in the well-being of young children. This study uses 12 indicators of child well-being to construct a comprehensive composite index of child well-being for children age 0 to 5 in each state in the United States. Examination of the 12 indicators of well-being for young children shows a high level of variation across states. The modest positive correlations among the four domains in the index suggest that they are measuring different elements of well-being. The composite index reveals that the well-being of young children follows a familiar spatial pattern, namely the well-being of young children in states located in the Deep South and the Southwest is relatively poor and the well-being of children in New England and the upper Midwest is relatively good. However, there are a several exceptions to this pattern which underscores the importance of examining the wellbeing of young children separately for all children. This study adds to a growing literature that uses an index of well-being to examine different groups of children.     

Children Who Murder: A Review

Despite considerable research on juvenile homicide, pre-adolescent homicide offenders have received less attention. This paper reviews the existing literature on preteen murderers in order to characterize the current state of research knowledge about this population, and draws on some of the work on adolescent homicide as well. The analysis of this literature considers historical context, methodological issues, previous attempts to classify youthful homicide offenders, and predictors of preteen homicidal behavior. While there is a high degree of heterogeneity within this population, several developmental similarities emerged across cases that were associated with the perpetration of homicide by preteens. A high percentage of preteen homicide offenders come from homes characterized by physical abuse, domestic violence, poor or absent parenting, and overall instability. Gun availability may have been a facilitating factor. Support for different etiologies of preteen versus adolescent homicide is weak. Recommendations for future research directions are offered.     

A Gender Identity Interview for Children

A 12-item gender identity interview schedule was administered to 85 children referred for concerns regarding their gender identity development and 98 clinical and normal control children. Factor analysis identified two factors, which were labeled Affective Gender Confusion and Cognitive Gender Confusion. The gender-referred group gave significantly more deviant responses than did the controls on both factors. Results were discussed with regard to several diagnostic and assessment issues pertaining to children with gender identity disorder.     

父母控制与儿童顺从行为的研究综述

该文考察了近年来国外对父母控制与儿童顺从行为之间关系的研究。有研究者把父母的控制分成身体控制和言语控制,或根据控制中所包含权力水平的高低分成强控制型和弱控制型;有人考察了情感因素和父母的反应性等对儿童的顺从所起的作用,还有人把顺从分成自觉顺从和情境性顺从。早期,研究者把顺从看作成人期望的社会化目标,而视不顺从为一种行为问题。后来的研究者以发展的观点看待不顺从,认为对不顺从行为要作分析。不同的研究者从不同角度得出父母的控制和儿童的顺从行为之间的相互关系。     

Helping Children Access and Use Services: A Review

High rates of dropping out from mental health services are documented for children and their families. These high rates exist at different treatment stages, in different service settings, and for different populations of children and families. Some researchers have developed and tested engagement interventions to address barriers to service access and use and increase participation in services by children and their families. Studies of engagement interventions for children and their families are critically reviewed in this paper. Overall, the engagement interventions were effective in increasing attendance at first appointments. Only those with an ecological and total service delivery approach reduced the drop-out rate. However, even then, the drop-out rate was 26% to 29%. Suggestions for future research are made, including ascertaining from children and families their reasons for quitting or staying in treatment, comparing the outcomes of drop-outs with the outcomes of those who remain in treatment, developing and testing conceptual models of engagement for subgroups of at-risk children and their families, and examining the cost-effectiveness of engagement interventions.