从文献计量看人格与社会心理学的研究现状与趋势

文章回顾了国外近年对人格与社会心理学领域所作的文献计量分析,从研究主题、方法与统计、理论、作者等方面总结了该领域研究的现状与趋势。提出中国的人格与社会心理学研究者应关注研究的本土化、加强研究方法和统计技术的训练并提高合作水平。     

构建和谐社会呼唤中国化人格与社会心理学研究

构建和谐社会提出了许多亟待解决的人格与社会心理学问题,这就要求我们进行中国化研究。中国化心理学研究是指在研究中国人的心理和行为时不盲目套用其他国家（特别是西方）的现成概念、方法和理论,而是脚踏实地地考察我国人民的社会、文化、历史和其它相关背景,创造性地进行概念分析、方法设计和理论构建,从而得出符合客观实际的结论。     

从郭靖习武管窥中国人的教育心理观

郭靖习武的过程蕴涵着许多教育学和心理学的深刻道理。本文从郭靖习武的四个阶段来管窥我国传统文化下浓厚的教育心理学思想,由此得出了在学习中的一个理论：多元智力理论,两个误区：学生先天缺陷观和重德轻才观,三点建议：激发学生兴趣、摒弃“齐步走”的做法和学以致用。     

The forgiveness process in primary and secondary victims of violent and sexual offences

It is possible that the physical and mental health of crime victims might be improved by forgiving those who have offended against them. To date, no research has been undertaken to examine the processes that influence victims' forgiveness. The goal of this project was to examine the forgiveness process in primary and secondary victims of violent and sexual crimes. In Study 1, qualitative data were collected by interviewing 21 people who had been affected by sexual or other violent crime. Data analysis identified five themes that were common to both primary and secondary victims, namely benefit of forgiveness, self‐forgiveness, perspective taking, offender behaviour, and time. An empowerment theme was unique to primary victims, and a principal victim theme was unique to secondary victims. To further explore these qualitative findings, a quantitative survey of 60 primary and secondary victims was conducted. Results confirmed that primary victims are pragmatic forgivers who are internally focused and forgive because that will benefit their healing. Conversely, secondary victims did not think forgiveness benefited, or would impact on, their own or the primary victim's recovery process. Neither group saw forgiveness as a moral issue, nor thought that forgiveness should influence whether an offender should face court.     

社会智力研究视角和方法的转变——从社会智力的测量观到人格的社会智力观

在社会智力研究的早期,研究者们运用测量观的视角和方法对社会智力进行了研究,取得了不少的成果。但是随着研究的进行,传统测量观的发展却遇到了极大的困难,如不能对社会智力和学业智力进行有效的区分等。人格的社会智力观强调社会行为的背景具体化和行为的主观意义,主张探询人的一般化的社会认知机制,为社会智力的研究展开了一个新的视角。     

Ubiquity of Whiteness in majority group national imagination: Australian = White,but New Zealander does not

This research examined cross‐national differences in the extent to which majority ethnic group members (White Europeans) in Australia and New Zealand automatically privileged members of their ingroup, relative to Indigenous targets, in cognitive representations of nationhood. As predicted, European Australian undergraduates implicitly associated their own ethnic group with the concept of “Australian”, relative to Aboriginal Australian targets (N = 50), but the implicit preferencing of Whiteness in representations of nationhood (relative to Maori targets) was absent in a comparable sample of New Zealand European undergraduates (N = 50). These results indicate that the extent to which representations of minority groups are interwoven with non‐conscious cognitive representations of nationhood and national identity are not immutably fixed. Instead, it is argued that this cross‐national difference is due to underlying systemic differences in the extent to which symbolic markers of Indigenous culture, identity, and values are consensually represented in majority group (White) national culture.     

Medical Psychology in Greece

The country of Greece is described, and the academic and professional requirements for licensure as a psychologist are reviewed. Several contentious professional issues are reviewed, and the paper describes the major professional associations to which Greek psychologists belong. The practice of psychology in medical settings is emphasized, and the relationships between psychology and psychiatry are reviewed.     

The ABC of Social Desires: Affiliation,Being Alone,and Closeness to Partner

We propose a triadic model of social desires directed at appetence/aversion of affiliation with friends (A), being alone (B), and closeness to one's partner (C) that account for individual differences in subjectively experienced needs for proximity and distance in serious couple relationships. The model assumes that A, B, and C can be conceptualized at the individual level as correlated latent factors measured by appetence and aversion indicators with opposite factor loadings and low shared method variance and at the couple level assuming the same measurement model and identical (co)variances for men and women. The model was confirmed with confirmatory factor analyses in a sex‐balanced internet sample of 476 individuals and a longitudinal sample of both partners of 578 heterosexual couples by assessing the ABC desires with brief appetence/aversion scales. In both samples, the desires showed expected unique associations with the Big Five personality traits, loneliness and relationship satisfaction, perceived available support by friends and partner, and attachment style toward the partner and high 1‐year stability in the longitudinal sample. We suggest that the ABC model helps to integrate research on couples' distance regulation along the lines of communal and agentic motivation. Copyright © 2012 European Association of Personality Psychology