Recherche en santé et protection des données personnelles à l’heure du Règlement général relatif à la protection des données

France has a very rich legal framework, which defines the conditions of access and use of health data for scientific research purposes and ensures their protection. Currently, this legal framework is undergoing revision. The European regulation of April 27th 2016 on protection of natural persons in relation to the processing of personal data came into effect in EU member states since 25th May 2018 and substitute a rationale of administrative process for a rationale that empowers the researchers to document and prove compliance with the regulation (“accountability”). This regulation must be coordinated with the other regulation applicable to research in UE and with national law.     

Développer des interventions de prévention et de promotion de la santé fondées sur les données probantes : la Démarche EValuation Action (DEVA)

While scientific knowledge informing how to prevent main public health problems builds up since decades, the gap between professional practice and scientific evidence remains important. Regarding disease prevention and health promotion, professionals – including psychologists – aim at enriching their practice by relying on scientific knowledge. However, barriers to knowledge transfer remain. Here we present the Evaluation-Action Approach (DEVA), which has been created to overcome such barriers and provide an operational tool to practitioners willing to use the best available data. This article describes this new project methodology, which is anchored in the evidence-based paradigm, and has been developed based on methodological tools in French, along with assessment practices from different academic disciplines. It has been pre-tested and improved in an academic context and then tested with practitioners (locally and nationally). The DEVA comprises three stages and twelve steps, four of which are evaluations. These evaluative steps aim at checking whether, at each stage, the best available data are used and that the (working and health) objectives are reached. The DEVA can contribute to the need of methodological innovation and the development of professional and practical skills. This project methodology provides an operating procedure to facilitate knowledge transfer and the development of evidence-based prevention and health promotion interventions.     

Citoyenneté, nationalité et laïcité: Le débat sur la France multiculturelle depuis les années 80

Family reunification programs in the mid-1970s, the emergence of second generation immigrants in the early 1980s (rodéos des Minguettes in 1981, the march against racism in 1983) and the new position granted immigrants in French public and cultural life beyond economic and social frameworks, have provoked a series of reactions in public opinion. The realization that France is becoming a multicultural country aroused passions and stirred up concerns within French society as of the early 1980s. The debate moved logically towards a questioning of the very foundations of national identity and over ten years, structured itself around three republican values: citizenship, nationality, and secularity. The French felt threatened by the cumbersome presence of immigrants. From the 1960s to the 1980s, the evolution of the enfranchisement issue brought discussions of citizenship to the fore. The debate on the reform of the code on nationality between the mid-1980s and the mid-1990s highlighted the notion of nationality. Lastly, since 1989, the uncertainties and concerns surrounding the wearing of veils in schools have challenged the issue of secularity.     

Accueil des personnes âgées en EHPAD : entre liberté et sécurité. Ambivalence mais non ambiguïté du discours juridique

The aging population and ever-increasing host of seniors in institutions concerned lawyer. The law, in fact, ensures everyone in both exercise fundamental freedoms but also ensures compliance with security. This ambivalence is not without problems to care professionals.     

Responsabilités de l’expert judiciaire médical : des exigences déontologiques renforcées pour une activité accessoire

Medical doctor, forensic expert. Behind the duality of this role lie several professional obligations and responsibilities that must always be borne in mind by those who make a contribution to justice in providing their skills and professional knowledge. In reality, taking a moment to reflect on the ethical duties of the Forensic Medical Expert involves realizing that today, regulations and jurisprudence are seldom a requirement in a profession that performs an activity which may be ancillary but which is nonetheless essential in revealing the truth and therefore working towards Justice. Said person passes protean responsibilities on to health professionals for those who, paradoxically and statutorily, only occasionally work with the justice system. As such, from a civil, criminal and disciplinary perspective, a person skilled in the art is responsible for faults committed under the control of both the justice system and their peers in terms of their medical and expert activities. Given that the ancillary activity adds a great deal to the main role, this study raises the question of the ambiguity of a status that would benefit from official recognition as a regulated legal profession.     

Inhomogénéité des évaluations de durée d’incapacité totale de travail. Comparaison d’évaluations des durées d’incapacité totale de travail entre les médecins légistes,les médecins généralistes et les urgentistes

Setting a total length for time off work is a forensic act that all physicians must be able to perform. Given the importance of the legal consequences of this evaluation, it seems desirable that this practice is mastered by all practitioners. However, in practice there is often a disparity between forensic assessments and evaluations provided by other practitioners. To assess this difference in evaluation, we conducted a retrospective study, looking at 4 years of archives, of victims of Marseille's forensic service (CHU Timone), and highlighted a disparity between medical examiners, GPs and emergency physician's assessments. In both comparisons between medical examiners versus GPs (n = 367) or medical examiners versus emergency physicians (n = 511), were found in one third of cases of forensic requalification. The majority of checks on where GP's (80%) determined on over 8 days leave were reassessed under this limit by a medical examiner. This trend is reversed for the majority of (61%) requalification cases of emergency assessments (assessment over eight days by medical examiners. This study, proving a fact long suspected, raises many questions about these disparities evaluation we have discussed.     

Un regard structural sur l’inégalité des genres au travail : La causalité des différences « genrées » dans les caractéristiques de réseau de l’employé

This study aims at identifying gender differences in network structure and, hence, at understanding the underlying nature of gender inequalities in organisations. The hypotheses address four ego-network characteristics: network size and density, and ego’s centrality and brokerage. Contrary to the existing body of literature, none significant isolated gender difference in network structure is identified. Instead, those gender differences are triggered exclusively by organisational status, that is to say, they are due to the increased level of power. Thus, organisational status is considered as moderating the relationship between gender and network structure’s characteristics. Some further perspectives are suggested to clarify and generalise the phenomena observed.     

Définition de la qualité de vie par des personnes âgées

Semi structured interviews about Quality of Life were conducted with 19 elder persons in France. After performing text analyses of these interviews, 10 dimensions of Quality of Life from the own elder people perspective were defined. Subsequently, from these dimensions, four profiles of quality of life were obtained using the cluster analyses. These profiles of quality of life were discussed in terms of style of adaptation.     

¿Qué es una emoción?

RESUMEN

La finalidad de estas páginas es mostrar que, en lo que respeta a las emociones, los procesos cerebrales emocionales no sólo se asemejan a los procesos cerebrales sensoriales comunes, sino que, en términos estructurales, no son sino todos los mismos procesos combinados de distinta forma. El resultado más importante de ello será simplificar nuestras nociones sobre los posibles complicaciones fisiológicas del cerebro y hacernos ver que poseemos ya un modelo de cerebro cuyas aplicaciones son mucho más amplias de lo que creían algunos autores. La tesis principal es que los cambios corporales que siguen directamente a la percepción del hecho desencadenante y nuestra sensación de esos cambios según se van produciendo es la emoción.     

Valorisation de la recherche en santé humaine et protection des données à l’ère du numérique

Medical research collects a huge number of medical data sheltered in Data Centers. An European regulation rule (GDRP) or General Data Protection Regulation aims to give an ethic frame to protect personal data and delegate responsability to citizens.     

Identification du harcèlement sexuel et légitimité des futurs managers à intervenir : Effets du genre et des informations délivrées

Sexual harassment (S.H) is an offense having a significant impact on the victims. On the basis of researches on prosociality and social control, we conducted an experimental study including 136 future manager students exploring the effect of provided information and evaluator’s gender on S.H identification scenarios. We also checked the legitimacy and motivation of subjects to intervene with the protagonists. Compared to the control, the specific information significantly reduces the number of scenarios unrecognized as S.H. There is no gender difference on both S.H identification scenarios and legitimacy to intervene with the protagonists. However the men express more anger and social control motivations of harassers. Their legitimacy to intervene with harassers is higher than the women one. The results are discussed in order to provide recommendations for SH prevention plan.     

Laïcité et diversité religieuse: l’approche québécoise

The Conseil des relations interculturelles (CRI) is a research and advisory council whose mission is to advise the Minister of Citizens relations and Immigration on primary matters concerning integration of immigrants and intercultural relations. In the summer of 2002, the members of the Conseil produced an advisory report on religious diversity. The purpose of this work was to propose a framework to reflect on the subject and suggest avenues which could facilitate the recognition of religious diversity in citizen public civic spaces. This document is a revision of the original abridged version, published in March 2004.