星象学的人格心理研究

1 引言 星象学(ASTROLOGY),是一门古老的方术。在《星象学:科学还是迷信?》一书中,艾森克和Nias(1982)将星象学定义为“对人们所相信的个体出生时行星的位置与他的人格、发展、职业、婚姻及普通的生活事件之间的联系的研究。星象学基于星象学意义上的黄道带、行星及其他特征,对不同个体的人格特质进行描述,但它并未解释为什么特定的     

人格心理学的学科架构初探

人格心理学作为心理学体系中的重要分支之一,自创立以来却一直缺乏一个完整统一的学科架构。这种状况极大地限制了该学科的发展。文章回顾了人格心理学的起源和发展,探讨了学科发展的趋势,呈现了当下几种主要的学科架构。在综合比较的基础上,对其中有代表性的Clonlinger人格“描述—动力—发展”的“3D”模型进行了修正：（1）增加了人格理论;（2）把第一个“D”由“人格描述”改为“人格表现”;（3）对原有“3D”的内容进行补充和完善。得出了对人格心理学学科架构的“3D”修正模型：即理论加“3D”     

互联网--人格心理学研究的一条新途径

1　引言　　荷兰技术哲学家E .舒尔曼曾经指出 :“技术在现代的充满活力的文化现实中占据着重要的地位 ,人们愈发广泛的承认 ,现代技术是现代文化得以建立的基础 ,在很大程度上 ,我们文化的未来将被技术控制和决定。”在短短几年内 ,互联网在世界范围内得到了广泛的普及与应用 ,作为一种计算机通信网络 ,互联网正在日益迅速的改变我们的工作方式和生活方式。可以毫不夸张地说 ,互联网是人类历史上最伟大的成就之一。对于心理学来说 ,互联网不仅是一个需要研究的新对象 ,也是一种可以广泛应用的新的研究工具。目前 ,将互联网作为研究工具的…     

人格心理学研究中新的探索——从模拟情境中寻找个体行为无序背后的有序

个体自身内在行为变异（个体在不同情境中行为的变化）蕴含着有关个体特征的大量信息,并且具有时间稳定性。这种稳定的变化模式被称为个体的“行为识别标志”,它刻画了个人行为的稳定性和独特性。相对于特质范式的静止性和流于现象学描述而言,自身内在变异规律可能从另一个侧面反映了人格的内在机制和动力过程。作者以模拟情境研究为例,介绍了人格学家在使用系统化、数量化方法揭示上述内在机制和动力过程方面所做的尝试。     

The State of the Story in Personality Psychology

Personality psychologists have been studying narratives for decades. Their work offers significant insights into the meaning of the stories people tell. This article highlights some historical antecedents as well as the latest research findings from the growing area of personality psychology that focuses on narrative approaches. First, narrative research in personality shows that imaginative stories reveal enduring implicit motivations linked to affect, thought, and behavior. Second, autobiographical stories play a significant role in self‐development and personal identity formation. The narration of one's story is a process influenced over the life span by age‐related capacities and various psychological needs that occur in social and cultural contexts.     

Sociogenomic Personality Psychology

ABSTRACT In this article, we address a number of issues surrounding biological models of personality traits. Most traditional and many contemporary biological models of personality traits assume that biological systems underlying personality traits are causal and immutable. In contrast, sociogenomic biology, which we introduce to readers in this article, directly contradicts the widely held assumption that something that is biological, heritable, or temperamental, is unchangeable. We provide examples of how seemingly unchanging biological systems, such as DNA, are both dependent on environments for elicitation and can be modified by environmental changes. Finally, we synthesize sociogenomic biology with personality psychology in a model of personality traits that integrates this more modern perspective on biology, physiology, and environment that we term sociogenomic personality psychology. We end the article with a discussion of the future directions of sociogenomic personality psychology.     

当代人格心理学的发展趋势

本文在回顾20世纪人格心理学发展历程的基础上,提出了21世纪人格学科的五个发展趋势：1)人格理论研究的交融趋势,2)人格实证研究的整合趋势,3)人格功能的完善化趋势,4)人格研究方法的多样化趋势,5)人格研究的动态化趋势;通过归纳一些未来人格研究的思考课题与研究方法,力求为今后人格心理学研究提供可参照性的思考方向。     

人格心理学研究的新进展与问题

1　引言人格在心理学史上是唯一建立在几个不同的范式之上的领域。目前西方人格心理学正处在历史上最活跃的时期 ,不仅人格研究的传统范式依然活跃 ,而且产生了新的研究范式。本文就该领域的新近动态做一概览与述评。2　人格心理学经典范式的地位及新进展　　心理分析、特质论、行为主义和人本主义是人格研究的传统范式。近年来 ,这四种范式都已扩展了各自的领域。社会认知范式和生物学范式是新繁衍出的范式。2 .1　心理分析在众多的反对声中 ,心理分析的范式已经由轮椅上的沉思进化为一个实证的研究领域 ,尽管各派人格理论家对人格的描述和…     

Identification Problems in Personality Psychology

This paper discusses and illustrates identification problems in personality psychology. The measures used by psychologists to infer traits are based on behaviors, broadly defined. These behaviors are produced from multiple traits interacting with incentives in situations. In general, measures are determined by these multiple traits and do not identify any particular trait unless incentives and other traits are controlled for. Using two data sets, we show, that substantial portions of the variance in achievement test scores and grades, which are often used as measures of cognition, are explained by personality variables.     

Personality Psychology and Postmodernism

Interest in constructing theories of the individual person as a whole has been relatively weak since 1950. This disinterest, especially in the past 2 decades, may, it is suggested, be partly due to the growth and popularity of postmodern thought, which seems to be in conflict with the idea that behavior is controlled by real psychological properties within the individual. The aim of this article is to question some of the main postmodern assumptions that represent obstacles to a renewed interest in the nature of the individual. It is concluded that the parts of postmodernism that are inconsistent with a science of the person as a whole are all false—and that the part that is true is consistent with a science of the individual.     

Next Generation Sequencing is the Impetus for the Next Generation of Laboratory-Based Genetic Counselors

Next generation sequencing (NGS) is dramatically increasing the number of clinically available genetic tests and thus the number of patients in which such testing may be indicated. The complex nature and volume of the reported results requires professional interpretation of the testing in order to translate and synthesize the meaning and potential benefit to patients, and genetic counselors are uniquely suited to provide this service. The increased need for genetic counselors in this role, coupled with the time required and a limited number of trained and available counselors presents a challenge to current models for making genetic testing available to patients and their healthcare providers effectively and efficiently. The employment of genetic counselors at genetic/genomic laboratories is one model to expand the resources for providing this service. In this article, we briefly review the advent of NGS and its clinical applications, examine the core skills of genetic counselors and delineate the expanding roles and responsibilities of laboratory-based genetic counselors. We also propose changes to the genetic counseling training program curriculum to account for the increasing opportunities for genetic counselors to contribute and thrive within genetic testing laboratories.     

父母教养方式对青少年社会适应的影响:人格类型的调节作用

采用青少年父母教养方式问卷、青少年小五人格问卷和青少年社会适应评估问卷对六城市的2288名中学生进行调查,探讨父母教养方式对青少年社会适应的影响及人格类型在其中的调节作用。结果发现:(1)青少年父母教养方式可分为民主型、权威型、专制型和忽视型四种,所占比例分别为35.2%、16.9%、20.8%、27.1%,不同父母教养类型的青少年在社会适应、人格五因素各维度上的差异达到显著水平;(2)除撤回爱护与行事效率之间相关不显著外,父母教养行为与青少年社会适应各维度相关均达到显著水平;(3)人格类型可以调节父母教养行为对青少年社会适应的预测作用,表现在支持陪伴、自主准予及知晓度对积极适应的影响以及规则引导、自主准予及知晓度对消极适应的影响。     

Personality Psychology: Research Trends for 1993–1995

Articles published in five prominent personality journals for the three-year period 1993–1995 were reviewed in order to identify recent trends in personality research. Each article was assessed in terms of research methodology and content area. Research methodology has changed very little, the exceptions being a shift away from laboratory settings and a greater use of nonuniversity participants. Results for content demonstrate that over time certain topics emerge and fade from popularity. Current popular topics include traits, emotion/motivation, and health psychology. The general lack of advancement in methodology is discussed, and the current "hot topics" in content area are compared with those of the past. In addition, some comparisons are made between current personality research in North America versus research in Europe.