科学与哲学是伦理学的必要基础——伊安·巴伯的伦理学思想探析

伊安·巴伯认为科学和哲学为伦理学提供了重要基础。一方面,虽然科学不能为推导出伦理原则提供一个自给自足的基础,但科学对伦理学有着重要贡献;另一方面,哲学中的功利主义原则及公正、自由等概念,使我们能够澄清评价选择的伦理原则。     

中国政治伦理学分会年会暨全国党校 系统“政治伦理与干部道德建设”理论研讨会综述

由中国伦理学会政治伦理学分会、中共中央党校哲学部、中共广东省委党校、中共广州市委党校联合主办的中国政治伦理学分会年会暨全国党校系统“政治伦理与干部道德建设”理论研讨会,于2003年12月1日在广州举行。来自全国党校和部分高校的60余名伦理学界的专家学者就什么是政治伦理学、政治伦理的功能、中国政治伦理的建构、政治伦理学的发展现状及研究方法等问题进行了集中的讨论。     

行动功利主义

J.S.穆勒、H.西奇威克(Sidgwick)和G.H.摩尔根据其哲学的思考,建立了规范伦理学的体系。近年来规范伦理学同研究伦理概念性质的元伦理学,已经区别了开来。由于C.L.斯蒂文森(Stevenson)和R.M.黑尔(Hare)元伦理学的非认识主义的理论日益为更多的人所接受,这种结果使得至少作为一种哲学原则的规范伦理学多少有点声誉扫地。因为伦理学的非认识主义理论认为,基本的伦理原则取决于人的基本态度和爱好,所以,基本的伦理原     

蹊径别辟风格独具──《中国伦理》简评

蹊径别辟风格独具──《中国伦理》简评许启贤权佳果同志的新著《中国伦理》一书终于出版了,我读后十分高兴。权佳果同志历经坎坷,但他矢志于哲学伦理学的研究。他新近出版的这本《中国伦理》,为伦理学花苑中增添了一朵别具特色的小花。《中国伦理》一书,着重描述传统...     

伦理学与马克思主义:历史、方法与文化

探索马克思主义伦理学的当代形态,构建具有地方性特色的伦理学体系,是当代中国伦理学研究的前沿问题之一。2018年7月,中国人民大学张霄副教授就当代中国马克思主义伦理学研究的若干问题访谈了宋希仁教授。访谈中,宋希仁教授不仅交流了他对马克思主义理论的基本看法,还创造性地把黑格尔的法哲学与中国伦理文化中的人生哲学结合起来,提出了融合伦理、道德、礼仪三种法的形式的新型伦理学构想,为发展中国化马克思主义伦理学的理论形态提供了有益的方法指导。     

发展伦理学:我国的研究现状、实践探索和未来旨趣

我国学界对发展伦理学的研究,其问题域集中在学科属性、研究对象、基本问题、哲学基础、伦理原则和价值理念等问题上.发展伦理学在我国的实践探索经历了从传统经济发展观、可持续发展观到科学发展现.发展伦理学在我国的未来旨趣表现在:首先在理论研究上,发展伦理学要强化范式意识,规范学术研究范式;其次,以马克思主义哲学为指导构建中国的发展伦理学体系;最后,在发展实践上要提升人类的类意识,以科学发展观为指导,强化、细化发展伦理的指标体系,把发展伦理规范落到实处.     

伦理学的现状与发展趋势

应国家社会科学规划办公室之约,中国社科院哲学所组织部分专家、学者对伦理学的研究状况和发展趋势进行了评估和展望,参与座谈的专家和学者们认为: 伦理学是哲学的最重要的分支学科之一,它与社会发展和人民生活的联系极为密切。近年来,我国在伦理学原理、中西方伦理思想史、应用伦理学等领域都取得了重要的进展。当前,伦理学正面临着社会转型的重要历史时刻,现实向它提出了两方面的重要课题,即在马克思主义理论指导下建立一个新的具有中国特色的社会主义伦理价值体系;在建设社会主义物质文明的同时,搞好精神文明建设。这两者既相互联系又相互区别,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。     

李伦简介

正李伦(1965-),湖南师范大学教授,博士生导师,科技哲学与科技政策研究所所长,主要从事网络伦理、生命伦理和科技伦理研究;现任中国伦理学会网络伦理学专业委员会副会长,中国自然辩证法研究会科学技术与工程伦理专业委员会副理事长、科学传播与科学教育专业委员会副理事长等。曾任哈佛大学Research Fellow,弗吉尼亚大学、德克     

“伦理学前沿与青年学者的学术担当”高层论坛综述

<正>2015年10月11日,由中国伦理学会青年伦理学工作者委员会、南京师范大学公共管理学院主办的"伦理学前沿与青年学者的学术担当"高层论坛在南京师范大学召开。中国伦理学会会长万俊人教授,副会长李建华教授、王小锡教授,首届中国伦理学十大杰出青年及部分刊物代表参加论坛。与会学者围绕伦理学研究现状、伦理学研究方法以及青年学者的学术担当等问题展开讨论。一、伦理学学科发展和学术创新伦理学作为一门历史悠久的哲学社会科学,其学科发展现状如何?面临何种挑战?又存在哪些问     

应用伦理的新视野——2007"科技伦理与职业伦理"国际学术研讨会综述

2007年7月16~18日,由大连理工大学、北美中国哲学家联合会、哲学研究杂志社、中国社会科学院文化研究中心联合举办的“科技伦理与职业伦理”国际学术研讨会在大连理工大学举行。与会国外学者15人,国内学者50余人。现将会议内容综述如下:一、应用伦理研究的历史资源科技伦理与职业伦理是当代应用伦理研究领域的热点课题。然而这方面研究需要将现实问题置于开阔的历史背景上加以认识,充分利用有关的历史资源。中国社会科学院哲学研究所朱葆伟研究员回顾了技术哲学研究近年来的伦理转向,讨论了技术伦理学的学科定位问题,强调技术伦理学研究要深…     

罗尔斯对康德伦理学的“建构主义诠释”——兼论《正义论》证成结构的思想“原型”

一、罗尔斯所理解的康德伦理学的基本特征:道德建构主义罗尔斯在整个学术生涯中从未间断过对康德伦理学的研究,其康德解读的精髓是从哲学方法论上把康德伦理学理解为一种道德建构主义(moral constructivism),在西方哲学史上第一次明确提出了建构主义概念,并把它运用于道德和政治哲学。     

Original ontological roots of Ancient Chinese philosophy

This is a new attempt at an analysis of classical Chinese (Confucian) ethics which is still inappropriately explained by Western philosophy as a traditional normative ethical system. Special conditions of ancient Chinese anthropogeny and social and economic development gave rise in this cultural region to an original theory of being, which in modern terminology can be referred to as an ontological model of a fundamental Yin‐Yang dialectic of a bipolar and non‐homogeneous synergy of being. This theory of being became a cornerstone for the whole complex of ancient Chinese philosophy, socio‐anthropology and ethics. Its most leading representatives—several ancient Taoist philosophers as well as the whole ancient Confucian ethical philosophy—proposed an original approach to issues which could be, for the modem world of philosophical research, a very suggestive source of inspiration.     

Reflective,Critical, and Reconstructing Contemporary Chinese Ethics

Contemporary Chinese ethics faces two theoretical tasks: expansion in breadth and exploration in depth. The former refers to the opening of the problem area, and the latter refers to the deepening of ethics itself. To get out of the dilemma that academic results in the area are abundant in quantity but low in quality, contemporary Chinese ethics should expand and deepen in the three dimensions, namely, “no longer,” “being” and “not yet.” Within the framework of “no longer,” efforts should be made to deepen the studies of the history of moral concept and practice, and the ethics of culture from the perspective of genetics; with regard to the perspective of “being,” the ethical reflection on public crisis, system and Lnstitutional ethics, the dilemma of virtue theory and normative theory, and the conflicts and generalization between different moral paradigms will become the difficulties that require in-depth analysis and demonstration. As for the contemporary Chinese ethics towards “not yet,” attention must be paid to the duality of modern technology, the origin of human ethics based on building a community with a shared future for mankind and the moral philosophy that goes deep into people’s minds. To complete the above theoretical tasks, one must have judgment, thinking, and willingness, which can only be cultivated in the experience and thinking of “practical” life.     

儒家伦理思想与当代中国道德体系建设

儒家伦理思想作为中华民族道德传统的主干,一直深深地、普遍地影响着人们的思想观念和行为选择,对中华民族的道德追求、行为方式和人格塑造都产生了重大影响。儒家“仁爱”的道德原则及其道德规范体系,以及关于职业道德、家庭道德和社会公德的思想和要求,都是社会主义道德建设的宝贵资源。我们应当坚持批判继承其原则和方法,摒弃其消极因素,吸取、弘扬其积极因素,这对于当今中国道德体系的建设是十分重要的。     

Construction of the Disciplinary,Academic, and Discourse Systems in the Contemporary Chinese Philosophy of Science and Technology: Retrospect and Prospect

A review of the decades of research shows that Chinese philosophy of science and technology, on the strength of carrying forward traditions and blazing new trails, has made progress in the construction of discipline system and development of institutions, teaching materials and periodicals, with deepening the discussion on discipline orientation. In academic system construction, driven by efforts to update the academic framework and deepen research on the philosophy of nature, philosophy of science, philosophy of technology, science, technology and society, as well as other traditional fields, achievements have been made in ethical reflections on high technology, engineering ethics, big data and artificial intelligence philosophy, responsible innovation and other emerging, frontier and crosscutting fields. In the construction of discourse system, work has been done to make China’s voice heard on the international stage, excavate and elucidate the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and build disciplines with Chinese characteristics. In short, the achievements of the Chinese philosophy of science and technology have not come easily. Though a diverse and dynamic academic pattern has been formed, and wonderful and unique Chinese discourse has been created, we still face some problems. To accelerate the construction of “Three Systems” of the philosophy of science and technology with Chinese characteristics by building on existing achievements, we should carry forward the tradition of dialectics of nature and strengthen the guidance of Marxism, consolidate the foundation of philosophy and support interdisciplinary interaction and cooperation, track the frontiers of science and technology, and pay attention to the social operation of science and technology.     

The relationship between moral philosophy and medical ethics reconsidered

Medical ethics often is treated as applied ethics, that is, the application of moral philosophy to ethical issues in medicine. In an earlier paper, we examined instances of moral philosophy's influence on medical ethics. We found the applied ethics model inadequate and sketched an alternative model. On this model, practitioners seeking to change morality "appropriate" concepts and theory fragments from moral philosophy to valorize and justify their innovations. Goldilocks-like, five commentators tasted our offerings. Some found them too cold, since they had already abandoned applied ethics; others too hot, since they still find the applied ethics model to their taste. We reply that the appropriation model offers an empirically testable account of the historical relationship between moral philosophy and medical ethics that explains why practitioners appropriate concepts and fragments from moral philosophy. In contrast, the now fashionable common morality theory neither explains moral change nor why practitioners turn to moral philosophy.     

"伦理精神"及其"价值生态"——《伦理精神的价值生态》再版序言

“伦理精神”是本人伦理学研究中最基本、最有个性特点的核心概念,对它的涵义的理解应在世界道德哲学的语境中,结合“伦理”和“精神”各自的本质及其统一关系来进存。“价值生态”是“自然生态”概念的哲学提升和意义抽象,“伦理精神”和“价值生态”的结合是道德哲学的生态价值观和生态方法论。消解价值霸权,在“生态觉悟”中追求和达到“伦理学方法的超越”是“伦理精神的价值生态”命题和理论所试图探讨和解决的两个现实和学术课题。     

从道德本位到权利本位的转换——梁启超《新民说》审视

梁启超《新民说》是对以《大学》为代表的中国传统“新民”思想的改造和发展。他以民权、独立、自由的资产阶级“公德”代替以伦理道德为核心的封建主义的“私德” ,用中西文化中的优秀道德传统构建新国民 ,实现了从以伦理道德为本位的旧道德向以权利为本位的新道德的转换 ,“旧国民”向“新国民”的转换。     

脑死亡立法的艰难与中国传统文化

因中国传统伦理文化对人们意识观念的深刻影响导致中国脑死亡立法步履艰难。从中国传统文化视角分析中国的脑死亡及相关伦理问题,提出中国脑死亡诊断标准的制定必须充分考虑民族心理感受,要立足于民族文化理性地探索“中国脑死亡”。     

ANCIENT CHINESE THEORIES OF LANGUAGE

It is a commonplace hope of much modern philosophy that philosophy be understood as intimately related to language. The bridge between philosophical doctrines and language is typically erected by explaining various substantive views in e.g. ontology, logic, epistemology, ethics, etc., as presupposing a certain view of language, its function, its significance, etc. Insofar as this view is helpful, understanding Chinese philosophy should be no exception. Behind some of the ethical, metaphysical or epistemo-logical doctrines, we should be able to find views about language which themselves can be explained by certain general features of Chinese language and accepted philosophical practice. These, naturally, would be most interesting and informative where they provide a contrast with the views which historically were dominant in Western philosophy.