从我国现行法律看安乐死的实施

安乐死作为自然人在特殊情况下对自己生命自主选择的权利,涉及人的生命权益,有关生命权立法是安乐死问题的关键。安乐死的实施与我国现行法律对生命权的严格维护产生冲突,需要我国用法律的形式肯定安乐死,并对现行法律做出适当调整,为安乐死立法留下法律空间。     

安乐死立法比较兼立法原则理论初探

通过介绍与借鉴荷兰、美国、日本、比利时等国安乐死立法经验,结合我国立法难的现状,对我国安乐死立法进程进行思考,同时建设性提出了我国安乐死的立法原则:生命权神圣不可侵犯原则,死亡方式选择权有限制的自主决定原则,知情自愿原则,严格程序原则等.     

安乐死立法比较兼立法原则理论初探

通过介绍与借鉴荷兰、美国、日本、比利时等国安乐死立法经验,结合我国立法难的现状,对我国安乐死立法进程进行思考,同时建设性提出了我国安乐死的立法原则:生命权神圣不可侵犯原则,死亡方式选择权有限制的自主决定原则,知情自愿原则,严格程序原则等。     

对缺陷新生儿安乐死问题的理性思考

分析目前我国存在着的半公开的、隐蔽的缺陷新生儿安乐死行为,因家庭负担、社会宽容态度和相关法律不完善致使该现象长期存在.当务之急是制定缺陷新生儿处置法规并将其作为整个出生缺陷干预立法的重要组成部分,以此来避免缺陷新生儿安乐死行为的滥用和无序,保障成千上万非严重缺陷新生儿的生命权益.     

安乐死合法化的哲学辩护——以自由主义哲学为视角

安乐死问题一直都是一个争议性话题.从学理上,安乐死可以分为自愿安乐死和无意愿安乐死.自由主义的伦理学分为义务论和功利主义.以自由主义哲学观来审视两类安乐死合法化问题:自愿安乐死体现病人自由意志的选择,是人格尊严之自主性的结果;无意愿安乐死是由利益相关人代为选择,符合社会利益的最大化.通过严格立法来规范安乐死行为,也应成为我国法律的理性选择.     

磐路论证：安乐死立法的可能性出路

目前,安乐死立法已成为一个不得以任何借口回避的国际性生命伦理问题。为了应对滑坡论证对安乐死立法的质疑,磐路论证主张把苦难、自律、伦理委员会和临终护理等要素有机统一起来,构筑成一条具有一定可行性的安乐死立法的磐石之路。     

安乐死立法研究的重要进展

我国于80年代以来开始进行安乐死的研究和讨论,《健康报》于1988年4～8月进行了专栏讨论,90%的读者支持安乐死。广大群众对实行安乐死的愿望越来越高,多次出现自发安乐死行为,但这种行为没有法律依据和保障,往往发生纠纷没有相关的法律准绳来处理。第八届全国人大第四次会议期间,北京、上海的60多位代表提出两个议案,要求尽快立法制定《安乐死实施条例》。在我国依法实施安乐死,标志着安乐死研究开始进入立法阶段。1998年山东中医药大学祝世讷教授领导的安乐死课题组提出的《安乐死暂行条例(草案·建议稿)》及其《说明》(以下简称“祝氏《草…     

安乐死合法化的哲学辩护——以自由主义哲学为视角

安乐死问题一直都是一个争议性话题。从学理上,安乐死可以分为自愿安乐死和无意愿安乐死。自由主义的伦理学分为义务论和功利主义。以自由主义哲学观来审视两类安乐死合法化问题:自愿安乐死体现病人自由意志的选择,是人格尊严之自主性的结果;无意愿安乐死是由利益相关人代为选择,符合社会利益的最大化。通过严格立法来规范安乐死行为,也应成为我国法律的理性选择。     

安乐死对象的界定

目前关于安乐死对象的界定,突出了医学要件,忽略了权利要件。为安乐死立法,必须对安乐死对象作出法律界定,应该满足两个条件：一是自然条件,即存在死亡痛苦;二是权利条件,即公民享得并行使安乐死的权利。不规定和具备权利条件,仅存在死亡痛苦,在法律上不能列为安乐死对象。     

国外伊斯兰学者对于“安乐死”de看法

“安乐死”一词来自西方,原意为“无痛苦的、快乐的死亡”或“尊严的死亡”。现代医学对“安乐死”的实施分为“主动安乐死”和“被动安乐死”。“主动安乐死”,也称“积极安乐死”,是指医务人员或其他人在无法挽救病人生命的情况下采取措施主动结束病人的生命或加速病人的死亡的过程。“被动安乐死”,也称“消极安乐死”,是指终止维持病人生命的一切治疗措施,任其自然死亡。在一些西方国家,如:荷兰、瑞士已通过立法成为一种合法选择。在我国,虽然从1988年到现在关于“安乐死”议案一再有人提出,但一直未曾得到回应。当陕西第三印染厂职工、中国安乐死第一案当事人,同时也是安乐死第一人夏素文的儿子王明成于2003年8月3日去世,一场十几年来一直未曾停止过的话题——“安乐死”再掀波澜!我国穆斯林同样对此话题比较敏感,有反对的,也有支持的。现将“伊斯兰在线”阿语网站上(http://www.islamonline.net)刊登的、由著名学者穆罕默德·本·迈赫穆德·海瓦里撰写的一篇《穆斯林教法学家对于“安乐死”的看法》作简要地编译,便于我国穆斯林能对这一问题有一个清醒的认识,从而更加坚定自己的信念,理解伊斯兰教的伟大所在。     

Practical Hermeneutics: the Legal Text and Beyond

ABSTRACT

This article attempts to show the continuing practical relevance of hermeneutics through the example of legal interpretation. The article begins with the very concrete nature of legal hermeneutics that forms everyday legal practice – the interrelation of meaning and application – and expands at a more theoretical to show how legal hermeneutics, and hermeneutics more generally, offers what Ricoeur calls an interpretive “choice in favor of meaning.” The choice in favour of meaning underscores the restorative character of hermeneutics that legal hermeneutics can epitomize. The article concludes with some of the challenges facing contemporary legal hermeneutics.     

Critical hermeneutics and higher education: a perspective on texts,meaning and institutional culture

This paper is a discussion of critical hermeneutics as a research methodology employed in a conceptual analytic study of the concept ‘institutional culture’ within the context of higher education. The research was undertaken to develop an understanding of the concept and to explore its construction in university policy documents. The aim of this paper is to motivate the choice of critical hermeneutics as a research methodology for the mentioned study. I explore both aspects of critical hermeneutics, namely hermeneutics and critical theory. The interpretive nature of hermeneutics enabled me to expose the hidden meanings of institutional culture, while its context-specific nature was beneficial for pointing out the nature of institutional culture in the university setting. Critical theory, on the other hand, was appropriate because it is a theory that is self-conscious about historicity and the role of the social environment. In combination, the merits of these two aspects of critical hermeneutics facilitated the understanding of the university setting as a social reality. Employing critical hermeneutics as a research methodology furthermore assisted in analysing the construction of institutional culture within university policy documents, taking into account the important role of history in interpretation. In essence, critical hermeneutics facilitated my understanding of the difficult-to-explain concept ‘institutional culture’ in the higher education setting.     

Working with Korean-American Families: Multicultural Hermeneutics in Understanding and Dealing with Marital Domestic Violence

Multicultural hermeneutics is introduced as a method of understanding and dealing with marital domestic violence. The brief review of literature covers four categories of hermeneutic tradition: (1) philosophical hermeneutics, (2) psychological hermeneutics, (3) narrative hermeneutics, and (4) multicultural hermeneutics. This paper proposes that multiple perspectives or an interdisciplinary scheme of hermeneutics help to understand the central issues of marital domestic violence. Korean women are vulnerable to Hwabyung (an anger syndrome), in the patriarchal and oppressive family context. Korean-American families are experiencing a certain degree of acculturation stress in transition as well as intergenerational conflict between first and second generations due to explicit and implicit cultural differences in the United States. One Korean-American family case is presented to show how marital domestic violence can be evaluated and treated better from the perspective of multicultural hermeneutics. A number of recommendations are also suggested to change the social and political context in which marital domestic violence occurs.     

Hermeneutics and Sport

Hermeneutics is the exploration of the process of textual interpretation. As such, it has long been recognised as an important component within the humanities and social sciences, whether one deals with actual texts or with other the products of meaningful human activity, including social actions and utterances. Here, we offer a brief overview of the contribution that hermeneutics might make to the philosophy of sport. If sports and sporting events are seen to be the results of meaningful human interactions, then they are meaningful phenomena that lend themselves to interpretation. It can thus be argued that a hermeneutics of sport is a valid and important discipline, worthy of consideration and development. We offer a review of the nature and history of hermeneutics in general, briefly exploring the place of key figures such as Schleiermacher, Heidegger, Gadamer and Riceour, as well as key concepts such as that of the hermeneutic circle. In addition, we suggest the importance of a hermeneutics of suspicion, grounded in the work of Marx, Freud and Nietzsche. In the second part of our introduction, we briefly comment on each of the papers that comprise the current volume, and that reflect the diversity of approaches that a hermeneutics of sport might embrace.     

医学阐释学--医学哲学研究新视角

医学阐释学是哲学阐释学在医学领域的应用,是医学与哲学交叉的一个新领域.简述哲学阐释学的发展以及其主要观点,并集中讨论了医学阐释学研究的范畴,其中包括:人体的现象学、健康和病患的意义、医患关系、生命伦理学、医学的目的.指出医学阐释学对医学哲学、医学人文科学研究的影响.     

Word as image: Gadamer on the unity of word and thing

Continental Philosophy Review - One of Gadamer's largest and most characteristic concerns has been to show that hermeneutics is a form of practical philosophy. The central task of hermeneutics...     

“误读”与新义——经学文本诠释刍议

中国的文本诠释学产生于战国时期。从文本诠释的内容、性质和体例看,大致可分为两类。一类是义理诠释学,一般称为"传"。另一类是语言诠释学,一般称为"训诂"或"诂训"。传的特点是"解说经义","并经文所未言者而引申之","多离经"。诂训的特点是"第就经文所言者而诠释之",追求文本原貌、原义。但是,在文本诠释的历史实践中,传往往离不开训诂,训诂也离不开传。"传"的内容在西方诠释学中又称作"误读"。我们借用"误读"的概念只是为了吸收西方文本诠释中的合理成分,并不是同意放弃追求文本原貌、原义的真理性原则。在中国文化史上,"误读"是创建新义理的一种方式,也是为汉语增加新质要素的一种方式。"误读"源于春秋战国间"断章取义"、"以意逆志"、"诗无达诂"的文本阅读诠释理论,是一种理论创新、语言创新的手段。"误读"在易学发展史上,尤其《易经》与《易传》的关系上有着重要的理论价值,有着突出的解释力。     

Measure development and the hermeneutic task

I examine the dynamics of measure development using two case studies: temperature, and health-related quality of life. I argue, following Bas van Fraassen and Leah McClimans that in each case these dynamics have a hermeneutic structure. Measure development is plagued by epistemic circularity, as is the task of interpreting a text, and similar strategies can be used in both measure development and hermeneutics to overcome that circularity. I show that Hans Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics in particular are an effective lens through which to examine the development of the temperature standard as described by Hasok Chang. Despite similar grounding in hermeneutics, I note an important difference between measure development for temperature and for health-related quality of life. Namely, while the meaning of temperature can be standardized, the meaning of health-related quality of life cannot. This standardization of meaning for the temperature concept represents a limit to the analogy with hermeneutics. Finally, I argue that the indeterminacy we find in health-related quality of life measurement is a result not only of analogy with the hermeneutic task, but of full-fledged participation in it.

     

Repetition与激进解释学的理论取向

On the basis of current western philosophical readings,this article recommends two relevant subjects:one is the concept of radical hermeneutics,which represents a new descent of Hermeneutics; another is that of repetition,which is thought a basic concept of radical hermeneutics. Following the distinction between Platonic repetition and Nietzschean mode of repetition ,the article develops a theoretical clue from Kierkegaard and Heidegger to Deleuze and Derrida.