Measurement of electroconvulsive shock Intensity

This paper discusses the error introduced in administering ECS by calibrating intensity on the S’s dc rather than ac resistance. Since the ac resistance of rats and mice can be lower than their corresponding dc resistance by a factor of 50, calibrating on dc resistance can introduce appreciable error depending on the current regulation of the ECS device. Examples are included to illustrate the range of possible error. In addition, an alternative method for measuring ECS intensity is presented that greatly reduces measurement error including those due to between-animal resistance differences that necessarily occur when using the usual methods.     

Passive avoidance behavior in rats after electroconvulsive shock: facilitative effect of response retardation.

Rats were trained in a one-trial passive avoidance task and then were submitted to electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or to sham ECS. Twenty-four hours later they were tested for retention, with the door opened either immediately or 30 sec after the beginning of the test. Rats initially forced to avoid for 30 sec continued to avoid for the entire test, but the others had the usual low step-through latencies seen with ECS-treated animals. Activity measures for those animals stepping through differentiated groups having received footshock from those not having footshock and ECS. A retest 5--10 min later showed "recovery" in the amnestic animals and continued avoidance behavior for those that avoided on the first test. Results are taken as evidence that ECS effects are not on memory storage but on the capacity of the animal to organize information effectively and quickly in order to produce an adaptive response.