高中生价值观对学校投入的影响:未来目标和动机内化程度的中介作用

为了考察价值观是否可以通过未来目标和动机内化程度影响高中生的学校投入，对六个城市七所学校的1022名高一学生的价值观、未来目标、学习动机内化程度及学校投入进行了调查。结果表明：（1）自我超越型价值观和自我完善型价值观能够使青少年发展出内在未来目标以及较为内化的学习动机，进而更加努力学习，而物质主义价值观则会使青少年形成外在未来目标以及较为外化的学习动机，进而更少投入学习；（2）当考虑价值观对未来目标的作用时，内外在未来目标不影响青少年的学习动机，但影响学校投入；（3）当不考虑价值观对未来目标的作用时，内在未来目标能够促进青少年学习动机的内化，进而更多地投入到学习中，而外在未来目标则会阻碍青少年学习动机的内化，进而更少投入学习。研究结果表明青少年的价值观比未来目标对学习有更重要的影响，说明学生发展指导工作中更应该注重价值观教育。     

Rural High School Students' Perceptions of the Basic Values and Educational Philosophies of Significant Secondary School Role Models

This research investigated rural high school students' perceptions of two major secondary school role models' (teachers and popular peers) solutions to five ontological and axiological problem spheres. The Values Orientation Questionnaire (VOQ), an operationalization of F. Kluckhohn's theory of intra-cultural value variation, was completed each of three times during three months: initially for the self and then according to the way the respondent felt the models would respond. Achievement, an index of successful school encounters, was entered as the between-persons factor in a multivariate-model repeated-measures ANCOVA. Generally, the students believe that teachers and popular peers endorse that set of values that forms the foundation of progressive counseling and educational philosophies and practices and is, to a large extent, our middle-class system. Students perceive teachers as overendorsing (relative to self) those ontological choices that form the valuational basis of authoritarian counseling and educational theories. These seemingly contradictory teachers' attributions are discussed in terms of the teachers' roles and of institutional demands that often force teachers to model behaviors that neither they nor society deems desirable.     

Study of a Cognitive Dissonance Intervention to Address High School Students' Cheating Attitudes and Behaviors

This study examined academic dishonesty (AD) of 586 Taiwanese graduate students, the relationship between students' AD and their perceptions of AD of their peers, and their judgments regarding the seriousness of AD. Results showed that female students were more critical of AD than their male counterparts were in the areas of fraudulence, plagiarism, and falsification. Male students demonstrated more awareness of peer involvement in AD in the area of falsification than did female students. Master's students confessed to greater involvement in AD compared with the PhD students. Doctoral students were more judgmental with respect to unethical acts of fraudulence, plagiarism, and falsification.     

高中生的自我概念与其学校适应

本研究对258名高一、高二年级的学生进行了问卷调查．对其自我概念和学校中的社会行为、同伴关系、学业成绩进行了研究,结果发现：高中生的自我概念不存在显著的年级和性别差异,其年级和性别的交互作用也没达到显著水平;自我概念与敏感退缩行为没有密切关系;身体自我概念与社会喜好、学业成绩有显著负相关,并且对两者有显著预测效果;自我概念部分因子与社会影响、亲社会行为、攻击行为有显著正相关,且也对它们具有显著预测力。     

How School can Teach Civic Engagement Besides Civic Education: The Role of Democratic School Climate

Civic engagement, defined as involvement in community life, is influenced by reciprocal relationships between individuals and contexts and is a key factor that contributes to positive youth development. The present study evaluates a theoretical model linking perceived democratic school climate with adolescent civic engagement (operationalized as civic responsibility and intentions for future participation), taking into account the mediating role of civic discussions and perceived fairness at school. Participants were 403 adolescents (47.9 % male) ranging in age from 11 to 15 years old (mean age = 13.6). Path analysis results partially validated the proposed theoretical model. Higher levels of democratic school climate were associated with higher levels of adolescent civic responsibility; the association was fully mediated by civic discussions and perceived fairness at school. Adolescents’ civic responsibility, then, was positively associated with a stronger intention to participate in the civic domain in the future.     

学校气氛问卷(初中生版)的研究报告

以Moos关于人类环境的三分法为理论指导,结合当前初中生心理发展实际和学校环境的特点,编制了学校气氛问卷(PSCI-M),分为师生关系、同学关系、学业压力、秩序与纪律和发展多样性5个维度共38个条目。信效度检测表明,该问卷具有较高的内部一致性信度和折半信度,其内容效度、结构效度和外部关联效度均较为理想,可以作为初中生知觉的学校气氛的测量工具。     

初中生的社会支持与学校适应的关系

采用问卷法对328名初中生的社会支持和学校适应状况进行研究,探讨不同支持源的社会支持和初中生的学校适应之间的关系。结果表明;(1)母亲是初中生最经常的支持源。(2)初一年级学生感受到的社会支持显著高于初二学生,其学校适应状况也显著好于初二学生。(3)社会支持水平不同的初中生在学校适应的质量上存在差异,高支持水平学生的适应质量显著高于低支持水平学生的适应质量。(4)教师支持、同学支持对初中生的学校适应具有显著的回归效应。两者对积极的学校适应具有增益作用,而对消极的学校适应具有缓冲作用。     

Occupational Values of High School Students

Responses of high school students as freshmen and later as sophomores in this study support the belief that the characteristics of a vocation that are important to students may be internalized relatively early in life. There were differences between what girls and boys thought was important in an occupation; however, little difference was found between the group means of these students when freshmen and a year later when sophomores. Most students did not change occupational preference between the freshman and sophomore year. Students in the study as freshmen, but transferring out or withdrawing a year later, differed little in occupational values or in occupational choice from the sophomores. These findings agree only in part with work of other researchers in this field.     

Civic Knowledge of High School Students in Israel: Personal and Contextual Determinants

Past research on civic education suggests that students' performance is largely influenced by individual socioeconomic background and motivational factors. There has been little attention to the effects of school and classroom ideological and social attributes, such as the socioeconomic make-up of the school or classroom, or how interested in politics are a student's classmates. The results of the present study support the contention that contextual effects play a vital role in determining students' civic knowledge scores. Analysis of Israeli 11^th graders' performance on the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) civic knowledge test shows that while individual backgrounds and motivations play a significant role, school and classroom contexts greatly contribute to civic knowledge acquisition.     

初中生友谊的发展特点

以638名初中生为被试,采用自编的友谊问卷,考察其友谊发展特点。结果发现:(1)友谊认知上,初一学生在关心与帮助和信任与尊重维度的得分高于初二学生,女生在关心与帮助、重情轻利和信任与尊重维度的得分高于男生;(2)友谊行为上,女生表现出更多的积极交往行为,而男生在竞争嫉妒维度的得分显著高于女生;(3)友谊情感存在性别差异,女生对友谊关系更为满意,男生体验到更高水平的社交焦虑;(4)不同友谊认知类型的初中生表现出不同的友谊行为,且具有不同的情感体验。     

当代中学生价值取向现状的调查研究

对来自北京、河北、山西、内蒙、山东、安徽、福建等7省市的958名初三至高三的中学生进行了价值取向的测量,并对中学生价值取向在性别、年级和生存状态等因素方面的特点进行了分析。结果表明：1．中学生的价值取向总体上是积极向上的,他们在重视正义公理和社会规范的同时,也重视对个人品德的要求和自我各项的发展;2．不同亚群体中学生的价值取向之间存在一定的差异。     

初中生的社会支持与人格的关系

采用问卷法对432名初中生主观感知的社会支持、外界提供的社会支持与人格之间的关系进行研究,结果表明：（1）在大多数维度上,主观感知的社会支持与外界提供的相应支持及人格有显著的正相关。（2）人格类型不同的初中生主观感知的社会支持有显著差异。（3）人格的谨慎性和开放性、外界提供的社会支持对主观感知的社会支持有显著的正向预测作用;谨慎性和外向性对外界提供的社会支持有显著的正向预测作用。     

中学生笔记策略及其干预研究

做笔记(note-taking)是学生在听课和阅读时普遍使用的学习策略,借此可适当记录所学内容以促进记忆和思考,从而有效控制自己的认知过程和对材料信息的加工,有助于发现和建立新旧知识的内在联系,建构对知识的理解。本研究运用调查法、实验法和训练法对中学生的笔记策略进行实证研究。第一,通过自编问卷调查了中学生的笔记策略运用状况并揭示其特点;第二,通过实验研究探索了学生笔记水平与学业成绩的关系,并分析笔记策略运用的影响因素;第三,运用训练法比较了笔记策略辅导的不同方式对学生的影响,探讨学习策略辅导有效性的影响因素。本研究对认知心理学研究的重要领域~学习策略研究以及学校心理辅导的重要工作~学习策略辅导具有一定的启迪作用。     

初中生对父母冲突的知觉结构分析

以我国初中生为研究对象,以Grych等人的父母冲突子女知觉量表为工具,对量表是否适用于中国的初中生进行了验证研究,以此探明了初中生对父母冲突知觉的结构,初中生对父母冲突知觉问卷具有良好的信度和效度。     

初中生生涯成熟度与积极情绪的关系:自尊的中介作用

为探讨初中生的生涯成熟度、自尊与积极情绪的关系,本研究选取北京和武汉的692名初中生被试进行问卷调查。结果显示初中生的生涯成熟度能够正向预测积极情绪;自尊在生涯自我知识、自信心及稳定性与积极情绪之间起完全中介作用,在生涯世界知识、主动性与积极情绪之间起部分中介作用。因此,初中生的生涯成熟度能通过自尊对积极情绪产生重要影响。     

高中生认识论信念调查研究

本研究以526名高中生为被试,运用自行编制的"高中生认识论信念问卷",考察了高中生认识论信念的性别差异、年龄特点以及学校类型差异。结果表明:高中生认识论信念的各个维度上不存在性别差异,但存在着极其显著的学校差异;在整合建构信念、能力信念方面,存在着显著的年级差异;在零散接受信念上存在着学校与年级的交互作用。     

大学生职业价值观：手段与目的

大学生职业价值观研究随着大学生就业问题的加剧变得日趋重要。通过25例深度访谈、60例开放式问卷调查和813例各类大学生调查,建立了大学生职业价值观的四因子的目的性职业价值观和六因子手段性职业价值观模型。并据此编制了大学生目的性职业价值观和手段性职业价值观量表。验证性因素分析结果验证了模型假设高度拟合,同时也证明了目的性价值观对手段性职业价值观所具有的影响。     

初中生外在学习动机内化的心理机制研究

本研究假设在从事无趣活动时以自主支持方式提供的外部理由动机策略,能够增加参与者对所从事无趣活动任务价值的认同经验,认同经验的程度将会预测后来努力的程度.因此我们测试了努力理由→认同经验→努力的动机中介模型.另外,我们意识到也可能还存在其他动机中介模型,因此我们进一步验证了两个选择模型:努力理由→重要性→自我决定感→努力;努力理由→努力.