附体的大仙

在社会上,自称为大仙的人一般分为二大类:一类是为了捞取钱财等不可告人的目的而装“仙”弄“鬼”来骗人;另一类,则是患有疾病,是一种病态反应。 这种疾病,医学上称之为:癔症性附体征。学者们的研究表明,此病的患者可能有心理遵从或者精神病。 下面,就介绍一例此病患者的发病情况,读后,也许您会对一些所谓的“大仙”有所了解,明白要相信科学、相信真理,反对虚假、反对迷信。 有这么一位范姓老年妇女,是农民。她经常腰酸腿痛。这     

催眠术与萨满附体状态下的人格变化

萨满降神附体后的一个主要特点,就是人格发生变化.萨满由原来的人神中介之身份,变成了某位神灵的化身.这种人格变化使萨满实现了神化.在萨满教世界中,无论是氏族大事,还是家庭和个人事务,都要听从神灵的旨意,以神意为最高意志.     

微笑性抑症及其治疗

门诊上,常常遇到这样的一些患者,他们对医生彬彬有礼,笑眯眯地诉说自己身体上的各种不适感,如头眩目胀腰酸背痛,吃不下饭,睡不安宁,体重减速轻,性欲低下,以及各种器官的功能异常,给人一种类似神经症的印象。他们几经同转：内科、神经科以至中医科,多方治疗：西药、中药和气功,均少收到满意效果。过支的患者会被介绍到精神卫生科,有经验的医生稍加关切地问诊,便可发现在他们躯体主诉的背面尚有一组精神上的愁诉,如虽无明显原因的心理压抑,却时而感到寂寞烦闷,时而焦躁不安,寡断,自责,甚至对生活缺乏兴趣,或有轻生意念等。 无论是上述的躯体症状,还是精神症状,     

腰椎间盘突出症个体化治疗哲学思考

腰椎间盘突出症是引起腰腿痛、功能障碍与生活质量下降的主要病因.该病病理复杂,临床表现多变,疾病个体化特征显著.因此,临床实践中,有必要对具体患者的疾病特征及其疼痛背景加以综合分析,以更好地做到个体化综合治疗.个体化治疗是根据患者的具体情况,选择适宜具体患者的最佳治疗方案,从而达到最有利于患者的治疗效果.     

牙科畏惧症的成因及治疗

牙科畏惧症是一种习得性行为 ,是因为害怕疼痛 ,又把牙科与疼痛相联系所产生的对牙科的畏惧。表现为交感神经系统功能亢进的体征 ,如烦躁不安、心悸、出汗甚至面色苍白、血压增高等。大量研究发现社会心理因素和口腔健康状况是影响病人是否到牙科诊治的两个关键因素 ,而牙科畏惧症作为一种阻碍人们接受牙科护理与治疗的社会心理疾病 ,正愈来愈受到各界的关注。1　牙科畏惧症的成因1 1　牙科医源性创伤研究发现患有牙科畏惧症的病人都曾经有过牙科医源性创伤史或曾耳闻目睹过牙科医源性创伤的痛苦。比如有些病人需拔除双侧下颌阻生智齿 ,但当…     

论森田疗法治疗神经质症的关键

森田疗法是日本特有的一种疗法,主要用于神经质的治疗和心理卫生指导。本文简要介绍了森田疗法和神经质症,并在此基础上详细阐述了神经质症的治疗关键。     

门静脉高压症的外科治疗观

门静脉高压症的外科治疗主要有门体静脉断流术和门体静脉分流术,这两种手术方式反映了唯物辩证法的对立统一规律。辩证唯物主义认为,人的认识过程是实践、认识、再实践、再认识,循环往复以至无穷的发展过程。随着实践的深入,医疗技术的进步,医疗设备的更新,近来兴起了分流加断流联合手术、TIPSS及肝移植术治疗门脉高压症。     

门脉高压症治疗观点之辩

对立统一规律是辩证法的实质,在唯物辩证法的理论体系中占有核心地位。门脉高压症的外科治疗有分流术与断流术两种不同的手术方法,这两种方法从治疗机制上看是矛盾的,用对立统一观来认识这两种手术的联系并揭示门脉高压外科治疗发展的哲学依据。     

门静脉高压症的外科治疗观

门静脉高压症的外科治疗主要有门体静脉断流术和门体静脉分流术,这两种手术方式反映了唯物辩证法的对立统一规律.辩证唯物主义认为,人的认识过程是实践、认识、再实践、再认识,循环往复以至无穷的发展过程.随着实践的深入,医疗技术的进步,医疗设备的更新,近来兴起了分流加断流联合手术、TIPSS及肝移植术治疗门脉高压症.     

再论门静脉高压症的治疗观

门静脉高压症的治疗主要是断流术和分流术,就此笔者于１７年前在本刊发表过文章进行论述。１７年后,此病的治疗观出现以下进展和变化：１,对立和统一：这两种手术联合施行可产生优势互补,代偿充分者更适合做分流术,否则以断流术为宜,这是观念上的突破;２,有创和微创：微创概念和技术的出现,使治疗手段多样化和观念更新,医生有了更多的选择;３,治标和治本：肝移植的临床一改门静脉高压的治标手段而向治本手段发展。     

医学创新之大忌:急功近利

急功近利是医学创新中的一种不良现象,给我国医学科学的发展带来了十分严重的后果.急功近利背离了正确的科学功利观,是对医学创新功利关系的严重错位.     

Truth, Dependence and Supervaluation: Living with the Ghost

In J Philos Logic 34:155–192, 2005, Leitgeb provides a theory of truth which is based on a theory of semantic dependence. We argue here that the conceptual thrust of this approach provides us with the best way of dealing with semantic paradoxes in a manner that is acceptable to a classical logician. However, in investigating a problem that was raised at the end of J Philos Logic 34:155–192, 2005, we discover that something is missing from Leitgeb’s original definition. Moreover, we show that once the appropriate repairs have been made, the resultant definition is equivalent to a version of the supervaluation definition suggested in J Philos 72:690–716, 1975 and discussed in detail in J Symb Log 51(3):663–681, 1986. The upshot of this is a philosophical justification for the simple supervaluation approach and fresh insight into its workings.     

Psychopathological Symptom Dimensions in Patients with Gastrointestinal Disorders

The current study aims to investigate the factorial validity of a widely used psychopathological rating scale, the Symptom Check List-90-R (SCL-90-R), in a group of patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders, and to determine the specific psychopathological profiles that characterize the individual patient subgroups. Patients suffering from either irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, non-erosive reflux disease or erosive reflux disease completed the SCL-90-R at a tertiary care gastroenterology department. Seven factors were identified, with one major distress factor and six minor factors. Comparison of the gastrointestinal disorder subgroups indicated that irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibited significantly more psychological distress compared to the other groups, and that gastrointestinal patients as a group, compared to healthy controls, were characterized by high levels of irritable depression and somatization. In planning further studies we encourage the use of factors identified in our study. The treatment of substantial irritable depression can be an important factor in improving quality of life in patients suffering from gastrointestinal disorders.     

Psychiatric Symptom Impairment in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

The general aim of this study was to examine the relation of psychiatric symptom-induced impairment with other common parameters of mental health in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prevalence rates are used to illustrate the implications of different criteria for caseness. Parents/teachers completed DSM-IV-referenced rating scales for 6–12 year old children with ASD (N?=?115), the majority of whom were boys (86 %). Most children were rated by parents (81 %) or teachers (86 %) as being socially or academically impaired by symptoms of at least one psychiatric disorder. The most common impairing conditions (parent/teacher) were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (67 %/71 %), oppositional defiant disorder (35 %/33 %), and anxiety disorder (47 %/34 %), and the combined rates based on either informant were generally much higher. Agreement between symptom cutoff and impairment cutoff was acceptable for most disorders. A larger percentage of youth were impaired by psychiatric symptoms than met symptom cutoff criteria, and the discrepancy between impairment cutoff and clinical cutoff (impairment cutoff plus symptom cutoff) was even greater. Impairment was moderately to highly correlated with both number and severity of symptoms. Parents’ and teachers’ ratings indicated little agreement as to whether a child was impaired. Findings for youth with ASD were similar to non ASD child psychiatry outpatient referrals, but clearly different in several ways from comparable studies of community-based samples.     

Features of Interview Questions Associated with Attenuation of Symptom Reports

Previous studies have suggested that discrepant reporting in a test–retest reliability paradigm is not purely random measurement error, but partly a function of a systematic tendency to say no during retest to questions answered positively at initial testing (attenuation). To examine features of interview questions that may be associated with attenuation, three raters independently assessed the structural and content features of questions from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (version 2.3) and linked these to data from a test–retest reliability study of 223 community respondents (parent and child reports). Results indicated that for both parent and youth reports, item features most strongly associated with attenuation were (a) being a stem question (asked of all respondents, regardless of any skip structure); (b) question placement in the first half of the interview; (c) question length; (d) question complexity; or (e) requiring assessment of the timing, duration, or frequency of a symptom. Findings may be explained by participants' conscious efforts to avoid further questions or by their learning more about the nature and purpose of the interview as they gain more experience; alternatively, findings may represent a methodological artifact of structured interview design.     

Symptom Attributions Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women with Panic Disorder

Women with panic disorder are likely to experience greater menstrual-specific symptoms (e.g., headaches, cramps) as well as more panic/anxiety-related symptoms (e.g., dizziness, faintness, chest pain, heart pounding), and may be more likely to experience these symptoms during the premenstrual phase. This study examines the attributions women make about the somatic and affective symptoms they experience during the menstrual cycle. Using a 30-day prospective design, women with and without panic disorder monitored physical and affective symptoms. Participants reported on severity of various symptoms and a primary cause for each symptom (menstrual cycle-related, panic/anxiety related, stress-related, health-related). Women with panic disorder reported more panic attacks during the premenstrual phase compared to other cycle phases. They also reported more severe affective and panic symptoms during the premenstrual phase compared to other phases, but did not significantly differ from the comparison group in menstrual symptom severity across the three cycle phases. Although women with panic disorder attributed more panic/anxiety-related causes for their symptoms across the menstrual cycle, they were able to discriminate between panic/anxiety causes and menstrual cycle-related causes. Women with panic disorder may benefit for therapy that focuses on their exacerbation of panic symptoms during the premenstrual phase.     

Dimensional structure of the Brief Symptom Inventory with Spanish college students

The Brief Symptom Inventory is designed to assess symptoms of psychological disorders in adolescents and adults. The dimensional structure of the inventory, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, was examined with a cross-sectional design in a Spanish sample of college students ( N = 1,033, aged between 18 and 30 years old). Two hypotheses were tested: the original distribution of the items in nine factors, and the unidimensionality of the inventory. According to the results, a nine-factor structure seemed to be confirmed, although the strong intercorrelations found among the subscales indicated that these were measuring closely related constructs. The importance of cultural influences when assessing psychological symptoms and the need to develop national and sex norms for instruments that assess psychopathology, are also discussed.