生产力价值论

所谓“生产力价值论” ,是指生产过程中所形成的价值是由投入生产的各生产要素经有机组合所产生的合力即生产力所创造的。劳动价值论只承认劳动创造价值 ,忽视了劳动是劳动者与其他生产要素相结合才能进行 ,仅有劳动者单个要素 ,劳动无法进行 ,因而也无从创造价值的事实     

CHOICE: an Objective,Voluntaristic Theory of Prudential Value

Philosophia - It is customary to think that Objective List (“OL), Desire-Satisfaction (“D-S”) and Hedonistic (“HED”) theories of prudential value pretty much cover the...     

Cost's Influence on Attitudes and Value: Beyond Dissonance Theory

Subjects read a scenario regarding a future experiment that required participants to submerge their hand in a bucket filled with cold water and ice cubes for varying amounts of time. They were told that, because they had to undergo a cost experience, they would be shown a movie. Subjects then rated the enjoyment value of the movie based on experiencing different levels of cost. In the 1 sec/minimal cost and 60 sec/above-average cost conditions, subjects rated the movie's perceived value as being higher than in the 30 sec/below-average cost condition. These results can be accounted for by personal equity-comparison theory and by the related schema maintenance through compensation analysis. At the general level, we discuss the implications of these data for an understanding of how cost and other inconsistent events influence expectations, attitudes, hopes, and value.     

An Adamsian Theory of Intrinsic Value

In this paper I develop a theological account of intrinsic value drawn from some passages in Robert Merrihew Adams’ book Finite and Infinite Goods. First I explain why Adams’ work on this topic is interesting, situate his theory within the broader literature on intrinsic value, and draw attention to some of its revisionist features. Next I state the theory, raise some problems for it, and refine it in light of those problems. Then I illustrate how the refined theory works by showing that it has the resources to deal with some seemingly formidable objections.     

Kant's Theory of Value: On Allen Wood's Kant's Ethical Thought

Karl Ameriks has recently devoted an entire volume to defending what he calls "orthodox" Kantianism against what he judges to be the "errors" of such post-Kantian idealists as K. L. Reinhold and J. G. Fichte and to exposing what he claims is the frequently unnoticed but always deleterious influence of post-Kantianism upon certain prominent strands of contemporary philosophy. In response, this paper challenges Ameriks' interpretation of Kantianism itself and of the "post-Kantian project", as well as his construal of transcendental idealism. This is followed by some remarks concerning Reinhold's and Fichte's actual "arguments" for transcendental idealism and a rejection of Ameriks' characterizations of the same. Ameriks' interpretation of "the primacy of the practical" within Fichte's philosophy is also analyzed and criticized, as are his unsubstantiated claims concerning the powerful "indirect" influence of the writings of Reinhold and Fichte upon contemporary philosophy.     

劳动价值论与生产要素论的难题解述

根据江总书记《在庆祝中国共产党成立八十周年大会上的讲话》中提出“深化对社会主义社会劳动和劳动价值理论的研究和认识”的要求 ,本文从对长期以来一直争论不休的“是劳动创造价值还是效用决定价值与各生产要素共同创造价值”问题的解析 ,通过对由两种根本对立的价值观导致的悖论的解述 ,对目前学术界几种观点的解析、对马克思关于生产劳动概念界定的解述 ,以及对生产要素是否创造价值的解析 ,论述了我们应如何针对我国在社会主义市场经济条件下所面临的重大理论问题与现实问题 ,科学地看待劳动价值论与生产要素论 ,深化对马克思的劳动价值论的研究与认识     

劳动价值理论反思

本文着重分析劳动价值论的理论缺陷 :价值概念的不合情理 ;理论逻辑不清 ;交换价值和价格理论不够全面、准确 ,对现实的价格运动不具指导意义。同时针对理论界的一些争论 ,诸如物化劳动、管理劳动、服务劳动是否创造价值等问题作了说明。最后 ,对价值理论的创新提出了一些思考和建议     

劳动价值论拓展的四个维度

既往人们论及的劳动价值论,从不同侧面来看,可谓之"物质产品价值论"、"产出价值论"、"一线劳动价值论"、"体力劳动价值论",如今,创造价值的劳动在非物质生产领域、消费场创设、管理职能及劳动耗费的智力含量这四个维度均有了拓展,这客观上要求以"劳务价值论"、"消费场价值论"、"管理价值论"、"智力价值论",对劳动价值论作出新的阐释,以体现其应有的时代感.     

The Value of Marketing Theory for Parochial Schools: Some Parting Thoughts

In this response to Thogmartin's Spring 1994 JRCE article on “The Prevalence of Phonics Instruction in Fundamentalist Christian Schools,” the author offers his suggestions about why fundamentalist Christians are so enamored with intensive phonics reading pedagogy. In the first part of his response, he argues that the rationale for intensive phonics teaching lies in a radical behaviorist anthropology and epistemology of which Christian educators ought to be extremely wary. In the second section, the author provides a review of some empirical evidence for the limited utility of phonics in the teaching of reading and suggests, finally, that Christian teachers should show as much concern about what and why Christian children and adolescents should read as about how to teach them to do so.     

价值论如何"改变"哲学

尽管价值现象在日常生活中普遍存在 ,尽管价值是人们生活、实践、创造的一个基本维度 ,人类关于具体价值 (如善、美、功利、正义、自由等 )的理论探讨也悠长久远 ,但是 ,哲学意义上的一般价值论却只有短短 10 0多年的历史。人们公认 ,自 19世纪末 2 0世纪初德国哲学家洛采、文德尔班等人将价值问题 (而不是实在问题 )视为哲学的首要问题 ,并试图以价值论为中心重构哲学始 ,一般价值论在哲学中的地位才日渐确立。在现代社会价值问题凸显、价值冲突日益普遍且尖锐化的同时 ,随着新康德主义 (弗莱堡学派 )、实用主义、现象学、以及科学人本主义…     

复杂性理论在心理学研究中的价值

复杂性哲学和复杂性研究为科学研究开辟了一条蹊径,使得人们能够以一种全新的、复杂性的视角来重新认识他们所“熟知、熟悉”的人类世界。复杂性理论的世界观为当前心理学的转向提供了理论支持,而且它的一些具体的研究方法如“黑箱”的方法以及功能模拟方法已经在心理学研究中体现出其价值。可以说,复杂性理论为心理学摆脱当前困境及实现整合开启了一扇光明之门。     

Axiomatic foundations of the Marxian Theory of Value

The aim of the present paper is to provide a logical reconstruction of the Marxian Theory of Value. This reconstruction is based upon the concept of abstract as opposed to that of homogeneous labor. Abstract labour is a social relation that holds in a market economy, (at least) whenever the profit rate is uniform; it consists in a comparison of the different labors through the exchange relationship. The author proved in a different place (see García de la Sienra, 1987) that there exists a mathematical representation of abstract labor which is unique up to similarity transformations. The existence of this function — which is none other than the value function — is the basis of the present axiomatization, which includes detailed reconstructions of two of the most important models of the theory.