浅谈振动与人体的关系

通过探究振动的物理性质,从声波振动、脏器振动、细胞振动、振动与维生素的吸收等四个角度分析了振动与人体生理及健康的关系,说明振动在保健、养生、治病中的重要性,从而利用振动与人体的关系来维持人体的健康.     

心理治疗的良师益友——评车文博教授主编的《心理治疗指南》

研究和开展心理治疗不仅关系改变传统生物医学模式,树立现代生物—心理—社会医学模式的大问题,而且关系改善医患关系,提高医疗质量,增进人民心身健康的大问题。实事表明,心理、社会因素日益成为致病的一个重要原因。人体的健康与疾病不仅与他们的遗传     

音乐与情绪

每当听到优美的音乐或是听到与自己的情绪完全合拍的音乐时,人们会感到无比的舒畅。实质上,这种现象是与细胞本身的节奏密切相关的。仔细测试一下人体皮肤表面的细胞,可以发现细胞在作小小的振动,我们把这种振动叫作“微振”。其实,人体以细胞的微振为基础,全身无不在振动着。脑波、肠     

舞蹈对人的生理心理作用的透析

舞蹈是一种人体动作的艺术,它是充分运用经过提炼、加工、美化的人体,作为主要表现手段,来表达人们的思想情感,反映时代风貌和社会生活。从现代健康学的角度讲,它与人类健康有着广泛而重要的关系。舞蹈在对促进心理健康,强身健体及心理治疗等方面都有着特殊的功效。舞蹈是人类生活中不可缺少的一部分。     

中医现代化必然纳入现代医学范畴——对中医现代化及研究方法的看法

１中医现代化的结果首先必须明确的是,中医和西医研究的对象和目的是一样的,即都是以人体结构和生命活动及其与环境的关系为研究对象,以揭示人体健康的本质及由健康向疾病转变的规律,并实现预防和扭转这种转变。再看看中医现代化的途径或手段是什么,凡主张中医要变...     

顺乎自然有益健康

科学家们发现,人类心理活动与生理功能之间的关系十分密切。心情好时,人体的生理功能就处于最佳状态;而心烦意乱时,人体的生理功能也随之下降,久而久之,就会引发多种疾病,据世界卫生组织统计,全球有1/5的成年人的健康受到高度神经紧张的严重威胁。     

论人体系统工程

人体系统工程是系统工程与人体科学的交叉学科,本文系统地阐述了人体系统工程的基本概念,对人体的宏观和微观的结构,人体的特殊功能,心身关系问题,人体与环境的关系进行了系统分析。     

医学阐释学--医学哲学研究新视角

医学阐释学是哲学阐释学在医学领域的应用,是医学与哲学交叉的一个新领域.简述哲学阐释学的发展以及其主要观点,并集中讨论了医学阐释学研究的范畴,其中包括:人体的现象学、健康和病患的意义、医患关系、生命伦理学、医学的目的.指出医学阐释学对医学哲学、医学人文科学研究的影响.     

佛教的养生之道（三）

八、佛教的饮食理念与养生饮食对于一切生命来说,都是最基本、最重要的需要之一。中华民族历来十分重视饮食,故《汉书》谓“民以食为天”。饮食与人的健康关系十分密切,因而成为各种养生术关注的一大焦点。佛教作为一种宗教的哲学体系,对饮食与人的健康、修行、传教的关系有着许多独到的研究和规定。佛教认为,“一切众生皆依食住”。住有生存、安住之义,也就是说,一切众生必须依“食”而得以生存、安定。佛教从生理和心理的角度将食分为以下四种:1、段食,指人体由对食物营养及色香味的生理需求而进行的摄取行为,由于饮食有粗细、餐次的不同,…     

疾病的文化隐喻与医学人类学的哲学鉴别解析

医学社会人类学的哲学观点认为,个体的疾病现象是社会的构成。个体的疾病现象本质上是结构在人体－社会－文化关系的体系中。人群疾病的流行病学特征乃至人群临床病征及其主述皆与不同文化形态的社会及不同阶层的社会生活史、道德、禁忌、规范以及宗教育有着特定的联系。因此,医学人类学在于超越临床生物医学的范畴而去关注于人体疾患的文体隐喻和社会象征的探讨,特别是近年来“人体－社会体－政体鉴别解释”理论和方法的发展,正迅速促进疾病社会符号象征的研究产生根本性的变化和健康政策实践的发展。     

Sound as affect: Difference,power and spatiality

This article considers what happens when sound is understood as affect. It begins by recounting a minor event in which sound moved my body. I use this as a starting point for defining sonic affect as the vibrational movement of bodies of all kinds, moving away from anthropocentric notions of sound based on human perception. The vibration of bodies can be understood as a ‘base layer’ of sound, which may activate or accrue layers of feeling, significance and meaning, but which is not reducible to them. Developing this conceptualisation of sonic affect, I argue that: (i) there are repeating affective tendencies of sound, but these unfold differently in context; (ii) sonic affect exercises power over bodies, sometimes by combining with meaning; and (iii) sound propagates affect through space in distinctive ways, some of which I discuss. These arguments are grounded in numerous examples, reflecting the variety of both sound and affect.     

Difference threshold for intensity of tactile stimuli

The difference threshold (DL) for brief tactile stimuli (taps) and vibrotactile stimuli was determined using a 2IFC procedure. The measurements were made at several intensities both in quiet and in the presence of a background vibration. The results show that in the absence of background vibration the DLs for higher intensity stimuli are similar for both taps and vibration, whereas at lower intensities the DL is larger for taps. In the presence of background vibration the DL for vibratory stimuli is elevated to a much greater extent than it is for tap stimuli. The DL is affected by both the intensity of the signal and the intensity of the background vibration.     

Proprioception plays a different role for sensorimotor adaptation to different distortions

If proprioceptive feedback is degraded by agonist-antagonist muscle vibration, then adaptation to rotated vision remains intact while adaptation to a velocity-dependent force field worsens. Here we evaluate whether this differential effect of vibration is related to the physical nature of the distortion - visual versus mechanical - or to their kinematic coupling to the subjects’ hand - velocity versus position dependent. Subjects adapted to a velocity-dependent visual distortion, to a position-dependent force, or to a velocity-dependent force; one half of the subjects adapted with, and the other half without agonist-antagonist vibration at the wrist, elbow, and shoulder. We found, as before, that vibration slowed down adaptation to a velocity-dependent force. However, vibration did not modify adaptation to the other two distortions, nor did it influence the aftereffects of any distortion. From this we conclude that intact proprioception supports strategic compensatory processes when proprioceptive signals agree with visual ones, and provide relevant (dynamic) information not available to the visual system.     

An empirical note on attaining a spatial target after distorting the initial conditions of movement via muscle vibration

Can one's limb be accurately positioned to a spatial location without a veridical estimate of the initial conditions of movement? The experiment reported here examined this question by distorting perception of a limb's starting position via muscle vibration. Subjects executed rapid flexion movements under no-vibration, contralateral arm vibration, and ipsilateral arm vibration conditions. Vibration was applied to the biceps for 10 sec prior to the start of a reproduction movement. The results showed that vibration on the ipsilateral arm caused a significant increase in reproduction error, relative to the no-vibration and contralateral-vibration conditions. This finding provides additional evidence that accurate knowledge about the initial conditions of movement is a necessary component in positioning a limb.     

Proprioceptive control of goal-directed movements in man, studied by means of vibratory muscle tendon stimulation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of propriomuscular feedback in the control of pluriarticular pointing movements, performed without visual feedback toward visual targets. The proprioceptive inputs were distorted during movements by applying vibration to the distal tendon of the biceps muscle. Various movement and vibration durations were imposed. The results show that vibration affects the spatial outcome of the movements. The effects of vibration were movement time-independent when the durations were shorter than 450 ms and became movement time-dependent with longer durations. Moreover, the effects of vibration became more marked when a short vibration was applied at the end rather than at the beginning of a slow movement. These studies suggest that at least two types of proprioceptive control loops may be involved in correcting this kind of movement, depending on the execution time. In slow movements, the final phase might be a privileged period for on-line, propriomuscular-based corrections. Lastly, it emerged that the regulation of a goal-directed movement on the basis of proprioceptive feedback processing can take place within at most 200 ms.     

An Empirical Note on Attaining a Spatial Target after Distorting the Initial Conditions of Movement via Muscle Vibration

Can one’s limb be accurately positioned to a spatial location without a veridical estimate of the initial conditions of movement? The experiment reported here examined this question by distorting perception of a limb’s starting position via muscle vibration. Subjects executed rapid flexion movements under no-vibration, contralateral arm vibration, and ipsilateral arm vibration conditions. Vibration was applied to the biceps for 10 sec prior to the start of a reproduction movement. The results showed that vibration on the ipsilateral arm caused a significant increase in reproduction error, relative to the no-vibration and contralateral-vibration conditions. This finding provides additional evidence that accurate knowledge about the initial conditions of movement is a necessary component in positioning a limb.     

Tactile vibration: Change of exponent with frequency

When cross-modality matches were made between a 60-Hz vibration and such other continua as electric current through the finger, number, force of handgrip, and both binaural and monaural loudness, the exponent of the power function for vibration was found to be about 1.0 at 60 Hz. The dependence of the exponent on frequency has been studied in a series of intramodality matching experiments. The exponent appears to reach its largest value in the vicinity of 30 Hz and its lowest value in the vicinity of 250 Hz. The highest value is roughly twice the lowest value. Over the low-frequency range, there is a suggestive similarity between the power functions for vibration and those for auditory loudness. As a vibration sensor, the ear may behave much like the finger.     

Modeling of 1-3 piezoelectric composites operating in thickness-stretch vibration mode

For bulk piezoelectric ceramics plates, the fundamental thickness-stretch (TSt) waves are always coupled to the in-plane extension waves and the symmetric thickness-shear waves. The occurrence of these spurious modes in bulk piezoelectric ceramics plates is undesirable as it may interfere with the operation of transducers. 1–3 piezoelectric composites are promising candidates to suppress the spurious modes mentioned above. However, theoretical modelling of multiphase ceramic composite objects is very complex. In this study, a simple analytical TSt vibration model is constructed from three-dimensional equations of linear piezoelectricity. The mechanical damping is considered in the model by introducing a complex elastic constant. The performance of 1–3 piezoelectric composites is analysed and the electrical impedance results from theoretical and experimental analysis are compared. The results show that there is excellent agreement between the experimental electrical impedance and that obtained by the theoretical TSt vibration analysis. This indicates that 1–3 piezoelectric composites can be operated in a nearly pure TSt vibration mode near the fundamental resonance. The analytical model we present is valid for analysing 1–3 piezoelectric composites plates with large aspect ratios quickly and efficiently.     

Postural leaning direction challenges the manifestation of tendon vibration responses at the ankle joint

In this study, we examined the interaction between central and peripheral proprioceptive afferent pathways by applying ankle tendon vibration during postural leaning in different directions. Twenty young participants stood for 60s over the midline of two adjacent force platforms in (a) neutral stance distributing Body Weight (BW) equally between the platforms, (b) forward leaning transferring 80% of BW to the front platform and (c) backward leaning transferring 80% of BW to the rear platform. Participants controlled the degree of leaning by receiving on-line visual feedback of BW distribution matched to a target line. Vibration (80 Hz, 1.5–1.8 mm) was applied over the Achilles or tibialis anterior tendon during the middle 20s of standing. This induced a postural shift towards the vibration side and an increase in the variability of the BW distribution that was greater in backward compared to forward leaning. EMG responses to tendon vibration were independent of the leaning direction. Antagonistic activity also increased in response to vibration, the amplitude of this increase however was direction dependent. These results favor the hypothesis about the central co-modulation of the vibration evoked proprioceptive inflow based on postural and visual feedback rather than muscle tension constraints.     

Vibrotactile loudness addition

Os adjusted the intensity of vibration at a single locus on the right hand to a value equal in vibratory loudness to various patterns of vibration on the left hand. The patterns were created by 1 to 5 equated vibration generators, varied with respect to sensation level and distances among the vibrators. The results were: (a) increasing from 1 to 5 vibrators produced a doubling in vibratory loudness, (b) neither loudness level of the components nor distance among vibrators had any effect on the slope of the overall loudness growth function. as also adjusted the intensity of a white noise to equal in magnitude the patterns of vibration presented (a) to the left hand as before and (b) to loci distributed over the surface of the body. The results were the same as those obtained using a single vibrator as standard. The specific loci stimulated did not appear to have any effect on vibrotactile loudness addition.