从"相"到"象"——熊十力哲学的易学归向

佛学中的“相”是纯粹形式,是无实质的空架子,“缘生说”将物我剖割为这些空架子,因而,物我之“现相”空、生命空、世界空。《易》之“象”是有生命意味、有实质的形式,它之生命意味源于物我本身固有的对立统一元素之间的相反相成。“象”有自体,因而,它不可还原为其他存在。物我所现之“象”皆真实不虚。熊十力由援“象”人“相”,到将“相”“象化”,展示了他出入佛老,彻底皈依儒宗的思想历程。     

心（画）与目（画）——中西绘画中的视觉及其位置

作为一种思想方式,中西绘画的自我理解与各自的存在论大体一致:相应于形式即本质的存在论,西方绘画之创作自觉根源于以距离性为基本特征的视觉原理;相应于以气(味)为性的形上趋向,中国绘画以"象"胜"形",以"墨"胜"色",遂寓"目"于"心","心"主宰"目"而消弥距离,视觉味觉(感)化而以"进入"、"合"为基本特征,并成为贯穿于绘画创作、赏鉴的基本原理.     

“象”模型：易医会通的交点——兼论中医学的本质及其未来发展

易学与中医学的会通问题历来是一个有争议的问题,本文从一个特定的层面即思维方式的层面探讨了这一问题,提出“象”思维是医易学共同的思维方式,是医易会通的交点。“象”思维包括“象”思维方法和“象”思维模型,本文认为“象”思维方法是一种模型思维方法,“象”思维模型有卦爻模型、阴阳模型、易数模型,五行模型、干支模型等多级同源、同质、同构的子模型。文章进而探讨了“象”思维具有整体性、全息性、功能性、关系性、超形态性、时序性以及重直觉、体悟、程式、循环的特征,指出这一特征正是中医学理论的本质。中医学与西医学的本质差别就是“模型论”与“原型论”的差别,两者各有优劣。文章还从“象”模型角度提出了“修补”中医思维方式、促进中医学术发展的中医未来观。     

“缘迹造象”--浅析迹之象的调整对水墨画创作的启发

水墨画是传承中国文化的主要载体,在现代中国绘画研究中占有很重要的地位。在解读《绘画迹象论》一书中,对于“缘迹造象”的概念,我提出了自己的一种理解。通过以如何调整“迹之象”为突破口,着力研究水墨画中“迹”、“象”、“境”与画面的重要关系,发现“迹象”的本意,进而理性认识“变象”艺术。     

“象”与中医思维的研究

“象”与中医思维的研究辽宁中医学院各家学说教研室（沈阳１１００３２）刘庚祥近年学术界对中医学“象”及思维方式的研究给予关注,中国古代的“象”是古人形象逻辑思维的一种观念形式。人类在抽象思维建立之前的几百万年间都生活在形象思维的世界里,而中国又是世界上...     

汉代象数学家的人文情怀

汉代象数学家历来被认为是只参天象不释人事,本文以孟京学派和《易纬》为例,通过对其象数学的深层分析,认为孟京讲卦气、讲天象,目的正是为了察人事、定人伦以明王道;《易纬》更显示了教化人民的道德意识和治国安邦的政治理念。前者以经学形式、后者以神学形式表达了各自强烈的人文情怀。     

论《周易》的"象"世界和"理"世界--象数和义理关系刍议

由“理”和“象”所昭示的两种不同思维形式出发,形成了解读《周易》文本的两大阵营——义理易学和象数易学。义理易学阵营中的王弼、程颐易学凸现了《周易》“理”世界的超越性,象数易学揭示了《周易》“象”世界对于彰明“理”世界的关键性。朱熹基于《易》本为卜筮之书的立场,既强调了“理”世界的超越性,又突出了“象”世界对于彰明《周易》“理”世界的关键性。     

评馮友兰先生的“普遍性形式”规律論

最近以来,馮友兰先生发表了許多文章,闡述了他的关于思想的“普遍性形式”的观点。随着討論的深入,馮先生对这个观点,不断地作了一些补充,論点更加系統,我們和馮先生的分歧所在也就越来越明白了。馮先生关于思想的“普遍性形式”的观点,概括起来讲是:一、所謂“普遍性形式”,“就是把一个阶級的利益說成是普遍利益”“具有普遍性形式的思想,都是以超阶級的形式提出的”实质上馮先生所謂的思想的“普遍性形式”,也就是思想的超阶級性。这种思想的“普遍性形式”和思想的“阶級内容”的关系,照馮先生的看法就是:“普遍性形式即寓于它的阶级性之中”。     

明代桐城方氏学派易学研究

晚明时期,桐城易学异军突起,形成了以方氏学派为代表的易学研究队伍.其开创人物为方学渐,他继承了宋易义理学传统,重在阐述人伦性命之学;其子方大镇一脉相承,但开始吸收象数易学理论;王宣、方鲲等人则潜心研究象数易学,推演河洛;方孔炤改变了其家学以义理为主的传统,走上了象数易学的道路,主张河洛即象数,易是一大物理,初步创立了用象数会通一切学问的理论.到方以智时集前人及家学之大成,主张虚空皆象数,倚数究理,以象数端几格通一切学问,建立了一个宏大的以《易》为主的哲学体系,创造了桐城易学的辉煌.     

晚明经济对书法的影响

一个时代的书法史能够折射出这个时代的文化心态和社会状况。对于书法史的研究不应仅仅是研究他的书法文本和形式,更应当注重其书法创作的背景。从经济角度对晚明书法的本体范畴进行扩展性和延伸性的阐述,关注晚明书法在整个艺术文化史所呈现出的生命状态和艺术价值,因此将社会转型之际书法艺术的文化生态置于书家的经济生活之中进行观照。     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.