2010~2020中国内地初中生心理健康问题检出率的元分析

初中生心理健康问题的检出率在诸多研究中存在很大分歧, 未能为心理健康政策制定和服务体系建设提供充分依据。为明确心理健康问题的整体检出率并澄清其影响因素, 对2010~2020年检索到的文献进行了元分析。结果发现, 初中生面临不同程度的心理健康问题, 其中焦虑、抑郁和自我伤害检出率排在前三位; 初中生心理健康问题随年代发展呈恶化趋势, 其中焦虑和自杀企图尤为明显; 初中生心理健康问题检出率饱受测量工具、检出标准和检出时间不统一的影响; 初中生心理健康问题检出率整体上随年级而增加, 其中焦虑尤为明显; 女生的心理健康问题检出率高于男生, 自杀尤为明显; 中西部地区的初中生比东北和东部地区更容易出现心理健康问题, 尤其是焦虑和自我伤害。未来应立足中国大地研制科学的测量工具和筛查标准并建立心理健康动态监测体系和学校心理健康服务体系。     

用层级相合性指标探测反应数据中噪音大小

不同的认知诊断模型（CDM）对反应数据中噪音的抗干扰能力不同,在评估CDM性能的模拟实验中,反应数据中所含噪音的大小是十分重要的实验条件。由于噪音的内隐性,为应用中选用相应的CDM带来困难。本文在认知模型已知条件下,欲使用MHCI和NHCI指标评估认知诊断测验的反应数据（0, 1评分）中噪音的大小。模拟实验表明,两指标与噪音存在明显的统计规律。尤其是以NHCI为主要自变量对噪音进行预测的回归方程中,回归模型解释率均接近90%;以此实现对噪音的有效预测,从而为选择CDM提供一个参考。     

文化差异视角下个体合作行为的产生、影响机制建构及认知神经基础

合作行为是指个体或群体之间为了实现共同的目标和利益而进行的协同行为或意向。本文基于行为-认知-大脑的三重映射关系,对合作行为的文化差异性进行了深入阐释,并在此基础上构建了文化影响合作行为的社会认知中介模型;未来研究可从实证视角对合作行为文化差异的社会认知内容、认知神经机制等方面进行验证、挖掘和改善。     

Local institutionalization, discontinuity, and German textbooks of psychology, 1816-1854

In the context of social and intellectual developments and the changing role of German universities in the first half of the nineteenth century, which led to the local institutionalization of the discipline of psychology at German universities, the structure and content of textbooks of psychology are discussed. Textbooks in the first half of the nineteenth century had a pedagogical function in training teachers, in socializing students into the field, and in providing students and readers with knowledge about the subject matter, methodology, and topics of psychology. The textbooks, representative of influence, philosophical-psychological orientations, and different decades in the first half of the nineteenth century, are reconstructed with regard to the definition of psychology, the ways of studying the soul, and how to conceptually organize the field. The textbooks by Herbart, Beneke, and Waitz, which were written within a natural-scientific programmatic vision for psychology, are contrasted with the traditional philosophically intended textbooks of Reinhold, Mussmann, George, and Schilling. Fischhaber's textbook for Gymnasien is summarized. Issues regarding the continuity of psychology are discussed, and discontinuous developments in the history of German psychology are identified.     

儒家智者的逻辑——析荀子正名论

荀子适应当时社会需要 ,从儒家智者的视角 ,创发孔子正名的逻辑内涵 ,建构以概念论为中心的逻辑体系 ,继墨辩之后把中国古代逻辑推向又一高峰。荀子对概念论和语言论、本体论、认识论、判断论、推理论、诡辩论、语言规范化、华夏大一统的相关论述 ,是当前仍有积极价值的学术精华。以现代方法揭示荀子正名论的逻辑意义 ,是中国逻辑元研究的课题。     

Music and melancholy: Marsilio Ficino's archetypal music therapy

Melancholy, to Ficino, is a state in which the mind, the realm of deep, abstract thinking, is cut off from the supply of the spirit. His concept of spirit corresponds to a kind of universal life-energy (libido, in Jungian terms). Individually, as the spirit of man, it appears as projected into the blood of the human body, collectively, as spirit of the world, into the spheres of the planets.
The spirit of man corresponds to the spirit of the world and can receive from it a great deal through the rays of the planets. To attract the 'spiritual' influence of a particular planet you may use animals, plants, food, scents, talismans. But music is what is recommended most strongly.
Ficino's intention is to temper the melancholic influence of Saturn. Consequently, his astrological songs are addressed to the compensating benign planets, the Sun, Jupiter and Venus. In modern terms it is an attempt, consciously, by active imagination, to re-establish the emotional relatedness with the archetypal realms of the planets from which Saturn has cut us off.
Ficino's ideas are related to Jung's rehabilitation of the feeling-function     

The "minimal self" in psychopathology: re-examining the self-disorders in the schizophrenia spectrum

The notion of minimal, basic, pre-reflective or core self is currently debated in the philosophy of mind, cognitive sciences and developmental psychology. However, it is not clear which experiential features such a self is believed to possess. Studying the schizophrenic experience may help exploring the following aspects of the minimal self: the notion of perspective and first person perspective, the 'mineness' of the phenomenal field, the questions of transparency, embodiment of point of view, and the issues of agency and ownership, considered as different and less fundamental than the feeling of mineness. Two clinical vignettes of patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia will be presented: the first one, illustrating early illness stages, and the second case, of chronic schizophrenia, symptomatically marked by persistent hallucinations. Through their analysis, we will discuss the experiential dimensions of minimal self.     

“Metaphysics Without Ethics is Blind”: The Legacy of Hilary Putnam

Two convictions underlie the following article. The first is that Hilary Putnam has been one of the greatest thinkers of our time, a philosopher who was able to propose groundbreaking ideas in virtually every area of philosophy. As the reader will see, the topics he tackled in his writings included questions of philosophy of science, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics and logic, philosophy of mind, metaethics, the fact-value dichotomy, the interpretation of Wittgenstein’s later thought, the question of relativism, the analysis of rationality, the analysis of religious experience, the character of Jewish philosophy, the interpretation of pragmatism, the elucidation of the concept of truth, the question of realism, the relationship between mind and the world. The second is that the changes some of his positions underwent, far from being a point of weakness—as some critics have sometimes felt compelled to claim—reveal the freshness and genuineness of Putnam’s way of philosophising and at the same time the essence of philosophical discussion itself.     

The word and us: Implications of linguistic design for subjective experience and for the experience of subjectivity

As language evolved in the history of civilization, a verbal form of communication became not only possible but prevalent. Inherent in the linguistic communication system is symbolization, the representation, by means of words, of what exists or occurs.The subject addressed in the present work involves the implications of the linguistic symbol system, first, for the subjective experiences of emotion and consciousness, and second, for the experience of subjectivity, that is, the experience of being somebody psychologically. Further considerations are those regarding solutions to the psychological consequences of verbal symbolization.In the process of sorting out issues and avenues of approach to the subjects mentioned, the thought occurred that I and myself and me were taking a journey into the field of language, in order to find out whatthe word might mean forus. This thought is reflected in the main title of this paper.Francina Middelman, M.D., is a retired (September 1984) psychiatrist. She received her medical education at the University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and her psychiatric training in the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati. Her last position was that of medical director, Athens Mental Health Center, Athens, Ohio.     

Living in a Time of Nonsense: Lessons from Liber Primus in the Face of the Rounds of Hades

Within days of Jung's completion of the Black Book portion of what would become The Red Book in the spring of 1914, the as-yet undiscovered solar system object, Pluto, entered the constellation of Cancer, attributed astrologically to the Mother, where it would remain until a few months prior to the Nazi invasion of Poland 25 years later. In January of 2008, Pluto entered the constellation Capricorn, attributed astrologically to the Father, complement to the mother in Cancer, and exactly opposite its station at the time of Jung's confrontation with the unconscious and the outbreak of World War I. During Jung's time of nonsense, the rapist Hades violated every notion of identity, containment, nurturance, and security associated with the archetype of Mother and held dear by the collective psyche. During our time of nonsense, the same violation is being visited upon our collective psyche's assumptions about the archetype of Father: Whether in finance, politics, the legal system, science, or education, the nature of authority in every realm is in question. This article explores the parallels between the time in which Jung lived and our own through the lens of the movement of Pluto and its mythological, astrological, and psychological meaning, and what guidance we might find in the Liber Primus portion of Jung's Red Book to aid our navigation of the present.     

我国环境审计研究回顾与展望

上世纪90年代以来,随着环境问题的日益突出以及环保观念的日益增强,我国涌现出大量环境审计研究成果,其主题既涉及环境审计的概念、目标、对象、理论框架等基本理论,也涉及环境审计技术方法等应用理论。然而,现有研究存在过于偏重基本理论而忽视应用理论、过于偏重规范分析而忽视实证研究、过于偏重合规性政府环境审计而忽视环境绩效审计以及企业环境审计等不足。未来应当在借鉴国外有益经验的基础上,联系我国实际,综合运用多种方法,进一步对环境审计的理论框架、主体等问题展开系统研究,尤其应在进一步研究政府环境审计相关理论和应用问题的同时加大企业环境审计的研究力度。     

Assessment of the efficacy of a peer mentoring program in a university setting

In the present study, the efficacy of a formal mentoring program applied to fourth and fifth year students of the Psychology Faculty of the Complutense University is assessed. In this program, fifth-year students took on the role of mentors and fourth-year students, the role of mentees. To assess the efficacy, the group of mentors was compared with a group of non-mentors and the group of mentees with a group of non-mentees, before and after the program, taking into account the variables related to career development function (knowledge acquired of the academic setting and satisfaction with the career of Psychology) and the psychosocial function (self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and involvement). The results show a statistically significant increase in the knowledge acquired about the academic setting as a consequence of the program, both in the group of mentors and in the group of mentees. Moreover, the mentors achieved a better average grade in the subjects of the specialty of Work Psychology. There were no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in satisfaction with the career of Psychology, or in self-concept, self-esteem, or self-efficacy.     

Trauma,causality and time: Some reflections: EPISTEMOLOGY STUDY GROUP,PORTO ALEGRE PSYCHOANALYTICAL SOCIETY1

Based on the studies and discussions of the Epistemology Study Group of the Porto Alegre Psychoanalytical Society, the authors aim to connect the notions of psychical determinism with the concept of trauma and temporality, from a perspective of the mind as a complex system. Following consideration of the concept of psychical determinism, they attempt to expand the discussion on causality. They propose that trauma be situated in the body of contemporary psychoanalysis, where emotional experience is favoured over factual events, leading to the need to rethink the concept of trauma and its usefulness. In the same way, in the light of recent developments, the authors revisit the Freudian etiologic equation, with a proposal that an i, for imaginary factor, be included, corresponding to an element of complexity. The question of temporality, connected with trauma and the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis, is approached within a vision of irreversible time, characteristic of complex systems, far‐from‐equilibrium‐which is how the authors understand psychical functioning.     

The integration of methods in residential psychotherapy]

The trend toward integration of psychotherapy into general medical practice has, especially in inpatient treatment of neurotic diseases, led to the development of psychotherapeutic systems, the differences of which are largely dependent upon both clinical conditions and therapeutical objectives. The author, in the light of ten years of practical experience with group psychotherapy of patients living in a hospital, gives a schematic outline of the Berlin system of integration of methods, discussing the system with reference to Kabanov's four basic principles, namely, the principle of the partnership of doctor and patient, the principle of the differences in efforts and effects, the principle of the unity of efficacy of methods, and the principle of the gradual transitions between methods and procedures. A detailed discussion is given of the gradual transition principle by reference to the phase-specific procedure of group psychotherapy and the methods of treatment coordinated therewith.     

WHO KILLED LAIUS?: ON SOPHOCLES' ENIGMATIC MESSAGE

Using Laplanche's basic conceptualisation of the role of the other in unconscious processes, the author proposes a reading of Sophocles' tragedy, Oedipus the King, according to basic principles of dream interpretation. This reading corroborates contemporary literary perspectives suggesting that Sophocles' tragedy may not only convey the myth but also provide a critical analysis of how myths work. Important textual inconsistencies and incoherence, which have been noted through the centuries, suggest the existence of another, repressed story. Moreover, the action of the play points to enigmatic parental messages of infanticide and the silencing of Oedipus's story, as well as their translation into primordial guilt, as the origins of the tragic denouement. Oedipus's self-condemnation of parricide follows these enigmatic codes and is unrelated to, and may even contradict, the evidence offered in the tragedy as to the identity of Laius's murderers. Moreover, Sophocles' text provides a complex intertwining of hermeneutic and deterministic perspectives. Through the use of the mythical deterministic content, the formal characteristics of Sophocles' text, mainly its complex time perspective and extensive use of double meaning, dramatise in the act of reading an acute awareness of interpretation. This reading underscores the fundamental role of the other in the constitution of unconscious processes.     

中国社会心理服务体系的建设构想

社会心理服务体系更准确的名称应是公共心理服务体系,其主要内容包括心理健康服务、社会心态培育、共同体认同建构这三大模块,其主要功能分别为预防和治疗心理疾病、提升全民族的心理健康水平,培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上的社会心态,以及塑造中华民族的统一文化认同和人类命运共同体认同。今后应进一步明确社会心理服务的基本公共服务的定位,明确社会心理服务体系建设的责任主体,发展中国特色的健康心理学、社会心理学和文化心理学学科,培养社会心理服务亟需的科研与实务人才,创新社会心理服务的供给方式,联合政府、高校、社区和第三方部门等多元力量,建设能够符合中国国情的,专业化、多类型、多层次、可持续的社会心理服务体系。     

Aftereffects of reinforcement on variable-ratio schedules

On each of variable-ratio 10, 40, and 80 schedules of reinforcement, when rats' lever-pressing rates were stable, the concentration of a liquid reinforcer was varied within sessions. The duration of the postreinforcement pause was an increasing function of the reinforcer concentration, this effect being more marked the higher the schedule parameter. The running rate, calculated by excluding the postreinforcement pause, was unaffected by concentration. The duration of the postreinforcement pause increased with the schedule parameter, but the proportion of the interreinforcement interval taken up by the pause decreased. Consequently, the overall response rate was an increasing function of the schedule parameter; i.e., it was inversely related to reinforcement frequency, contrary to the law of effect. The running rate, however, decreased with the reinforcement frequency, in accord with the law of effect. When 50% of reinforcements were randomly omitted, the postomission pause was shorter than the postreinforcement pause, but the running rate of responses was not affected.     

曹南冥图式的易学意义

与李退溪同时代的韩国学者曹南冥,依据程朱等的象数观念构建了独特的体系结构,这使他对天道与人道问题拥有了自己的见解.在天道观方面,南冥通过他的10幅图解,勾勒出一幅从宇宙演化-结构一本体追寻-内在规律(包括变化运动原因、必然性、趋势)--天人关系的图景,使理学天道观的内涵得到充分的阐示.在人道观方面,他把太极、乾道变化落实到各正性命、继善成性而立诚的过程之中,较为形象地为人类的伦理道德找到了本体论上的依据,从而弥补了当时韩国哲学研究注重义理而忽视象数的缺陷.     

中国人压力应对研究:基于主位与客位的视角

目前,学界探索中国人的应对大致有两种方式:客位研究与主位研究。客位研究分析中国文化在以下几个方面对国人应对行为和心理的影响,分别是应对的文化环境和自我特质、压力来源、应对方式、应对结果。研究结果得出有关应对的客观知识,揭示中国人的应对实践。但是由于客位研究注重理论的普适性,所以其研究成果与中国人应对实质并不十分契合。主位研究从传统文化中的儒家、道家、佛家哲学思想提取应对观,其成果更深入的分析了国人应对的实质。但是,主位研究下的应对观过于注重直观体验,并且当今中国人行为心理模式也发生了变化,这些因素势必导致主位研究的缺陷。两种研究方式各有利弊,未来的研究应把两种方式结合起来,取长补短。     

伏羲画卦的神话学考察

通过对伏羲创世神话与<易·系辞>宇宙生成模式的对照考察,认为,伏羲导源于"混沌"、"元气",是宇宙本原和起始的意象和观念,伏羲即是"太极".伏羲创世神话是原始哲学关于宇宙生成论的原型.<易>关于"太极"、"阴阳"、"四象"、"八卦"的概念和对宇宙生成的概括认识是从神话思维的具体表象中抽象出来的,是把神话中的宇宙观抽象化、逻辑化的结果.