培训迁移影响因素研究述评

对培训迁移的研究从关注培训本身发展到关注培训以外影响其效果的因素,且焦点集中在对于企业来说更可控的因素上,主要是迁移气氛与组织特征。培训迁移气氛包括情境线索与结果两个维度。该文分析了影响培训迁移的几个主要因素,并根据已有的研究,提出了培训迁移研究未来的方向,例如,组织和个人的职业生涯管理与培训迁移的关系,以及培训类型的扩展对培训迁移带来的影响     

护理扩展培训在艾滋病干预模式中的探讨

新疆艾滋病形势严峻,艾滋病重点疫区的护理人员普遍存在着对艾滋病知识的缺乏,对艾滋病患者持有歧视、恐惧的心理及缺乏基本的防护知识等现状,艾滋病护理扩展培训项目的实施,通过对护理人员进行的艾滋病知识培训,对艾滋病干预模式进行了有益的探索和实践。     

护理扩展培训在艾滋病干预模式中的探讨

新疆艾滋病形势严峻,艾滋病重点疫区的护理人员普遍存在着对艾滋病知识的缺乏,对艾滋病患者持有歧视、恐惧的心理及缺乏基本的防护知识等现状,艾滋病护理扩展培训项目的实施,通过对护理人员进行的艾滋病知识培训,对艾滋病干预模式进行了有益的探索和实践.     

防御性医疗动因及干预策略

本文重点阐述了防御性医疗的概念及特点,分析了防御性医疗之动因,最后提出防御性医疗的干预策略,包括加强医务人员职业道德教育,提高人文服务水平;加强社会宣传,提升医务人员形象;加强沟通,重建医惠信任关系;强化内部管理,建立风险应对机制;完善医疗法律法规,积极构建法制环境下的现代医学模式.     

防御性医疗动因及干预策略

本文重点阐述了防御性医疗的概念及特点,分析了防御性医疗之动因,最后提出防御性医疗的干预策略,包括加强医务人员职业道德教育,提高人文服务水平;加强社会宣传,提升医务人员形象;加强沟通,重建医患信任关系;强化内部管理,建立风险应对机制;完善医疗法律法规,积极构建法制环境下的现代医学模式。     

艾滋病综合干预策略再思考

从艾滋病干预策略长期存在的“个体能动”与“社会结构”的分离问题出发,对不同艾滋病干预策略的演进进行了梳理,着重论述了不同干预策略背后的学理依据、价值以及问题。艾滋病综合干预策略并非不同干预策略的简单叠加,亦无法直接弥合艾滋病干预过程中存在的能动与结构之间的裂隙。以社会公共卫生为理论视角,通过改善不平等和其他阻碍艾滋病干预的社会结构,依托社区组织的动员和倡导,尊重行动者个体权利并关注他们的实践及生活世界,可以连接个体能动与社会结构并为整合取向的艾滋病综合干预提供实践路径。

     

肝移植病人的心理问题及干预策略

原位肝移植术是治愈终末期肝病的惟一有效方法。我科已成功完成肝移植手术 1 0 0余例。和常规肝脏大手术比起来 ,接受肝移植手术是一种更特殊的经历 ,病人有着独特的心理历程与更突出的心理问题。我们应用问卷法和访谈法[1 ] ,对最初的 30例清醒合作的肝移植病人进行了调查 ,将其心理历程分成五个阶段 ,每个阶段从病人的心理体验、心理问题、干预策略三个方面加以分析。并与同期行肝叶切除术的病人进行对比 ,得出了一些初步的结论。1　第一阶段 :决定手术1 .1　心理体验 :生死抉择 ,两难选择。尽管病人知道肝移植是治愈疾病的惟一机会 ,但手…     

基于语用负迁移外语学习应对策略研究——以语用负迁移为例

语言负迁移是外语教学中不可忽视的一个重要因素,也是外语教学研究的一个重要领域。本文简要回顾了一下语言迁移发展,介绍了文化与教学的关系和结合的必要性,对其应对策略提出了自已的解决方案,文章主要结合国内外文化教学和实践日语教学理论的研究前沿,具体列举了日语教学中各种应对语用负迁移的策略。     

医务人员工作倦怠干预策略的思考

在医务人员中普遍存在的、被视为"职业杀手"的工作倦怠,不仅严重影响了医务人员的身心健康,而且影响到医学科学事业的可持续发展.建立积极的、有效减少和缓解医务人员工作倦怠的干预策略,从而提高医务人员应对工作倦怠的能力和身心健康水平.     

个体差异对工作记忆训练迁移效果的调节

本研究考察了流体智力基线水平对工作记忆训练迁移效果的影响。采用前后测设计,以视觉和听觉双任务n-back作为工作记忆训练任务,对训练组进行为期一个月的训练;积极对照组采用阅读任务进行训练。结果发现积极控制组的流体智力水平在基线与后测之间无显著变化;而训练组流体智力水平在后测时与基线相比有显著提高,且工作记忆训练提升量越大的个体其流体智力改善越大。说明认知训练有效迁移到了流体智力水平的改善上。我们还发现流体智力基线水平调节了工作记忆训练对流体智力水平的迁移,即工作记忆训练提升量越大,流体智力改善值越大,对于那些流体智力基线水平较高的人来说,工作记忆训练对流体智力改善的效果更大。流体智力基线水平、工作记忆训练提升量及两者的乘积共同影响了流体智力改善值。这一结果表明个体差异如流体智力基线水平可以调节工作记忆训练对流体智力水平的迁移。     

INTEGRAL SCIENCE AND INTELLIGENCE IN ORGANIZATIONS

Integral Science's most distinctive effect is to shift the context of human interactions from competition against one another to seeking what is good for both one's self and the larger whole. The partnership environment it suggests creates a foundation of relationship that powerfully increases organizational intelligence. This simple switch creates the potential for both more humanistic and more effective organizations that are better able to meet the needs of the populations they serve.     

组织发展干预分类模型述评

组织发展干预是有计划地在组织系统内引入变革改进的活动过程。随着大量干预策略与技术的提出与应用 ,各种作用不一的干预活动的分类问题受到重视。本文分别介绍了 7种有影响的干预分类模型 ,并简要地进行了分析和评论     

培训迁移效果影响因素的初步研究

本研究通过访谈、问卷调查和现场研究等多种方法,考察了中学教师在接受一种新的教学方法培训后。组织气氛和个人特征对其迁移行为的影响。如果发现：(1)受训者对迁移气氛的知觉直接影响迁移行为发生的次数。(2)受训者对训练内容实用性的看法是影响迁移行为发生的重要环境因素,而受训者对训练内容实用性的看法会受到零反馈、自己的灵活性和自我效能的影响。(3)领导有无反馈、时间支持和同事支持等因素是区分培训迁移气氛类型的关键指标。     

群体绩效和团队效能研究的新进展

近几年来 ,在群体和团队方面的研究比较活跃 ,并取得了不少新的进展。本文在近几年的国内外文献的基础上 ,着重讨论几个与群体绩效有关的长期存在的问题 ,主要包括群体构成、凝聚力、激励、领导、群体目标等因素。同时探讨团队与组织之间的内在联系。然后 ,讨论团队效能研究中的几个开放性问题 ,以及将来研究的新动向新趋势。最后 ,对影响团队效能的几个关键的调节因素作一简要的讨论。     

When the Evidence Says, "Yes, No, and Maybe So": Attending to and Interpreting Inconsistent Findings Among Evidence-Based Interventions

ABSTRACT— An international, multidisciplinary effort aims to identify evidence-based treatments (EBTs) or interventions. The goal of this effort is to identify specific techniques or programs that successfully target and change specific behaviors. In clinical psychology, EBTs are identified based on the outcomes of randomized controlled trials examining whether treatments outperform control or alternative treatment conditions. Treatment outcomes are measured in multiple ways. Consistently, different ways of gauging outcomes yield inconsistent conclusions. Historically, EBT research has not accounted for these inconsistencies. In this paper we highlight the implications of inconsistencies, describe a framework for redressing inconsistent findings, and illustrate how the framework can guide future research on how to administer and combine treatments to maximize treatment effects and how to study treatments via quantitative review.     

Employees’ mood, perceptions of fairness, and organizational citizenship behavior

Previous research findings concerning employees’ perceptions of fairness and positive mood as predictors of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) have been equivocal. Explanations for this inconsistency may be related to the varying types of manipulation techniques adopted and samples tested. To address these issues, the present study adopted the mood and fairness manipulation techniques of Bachrach and Jex (2000, Journal of Applied Psychology, 30(3), 641–663) to investigate their effect on OCB amongst a sample of 138 employees from five large service organizations. The findings revealed that employees’ perceptions of fairness affected their likelihood to perform organizational citizenship behaviors. One implication of this finding is that employees’ perceptions of fairness may have a more enduring effect, in comparison to their mood, on increasing their extra role work behaviors. However, a close evaluation of the mood manipulation technique suggests that further research is needed before any firm conclusions can be made on the relative effect of empolyees’ perceived fairness and positive mood on OCB.     

The organizational context of children's mental health services

This paper reviews what is known about the organizational context of children's mental health services and describes organizational constructs, conceptual models, research methods, and intervention strategies that can be used to link organizational context to service quality and outcomes. Using evidence from studies of business and industrial organizations as well as studies of children's service organizations, the paper presents a model of organizational effectiveness that depends on several contextual characteristics that include organizational culture, structure, climate, and work attitudes. These characteristics are believed to affect the adoption of efficacious treatments (EBPs [evidence-based practices]), adherence to treatment protocols, therapeutic alliance, and the availability, responsiveness, and continuity of services. Finally, 10 components of the ARC(Availability Responsiveness and Continuity) organizational intervention are described as examples of strategies that can be used to develop organizational contexts with the prescribed characteristics. Mental health researchers are encouraged to consider including these constructs, conceptual models, research methods, and intervention strategies in dissemination, effectiveness, and implementation studies that address the gap between research-based knowledge about mental health treatment and what is actually offered in the community.