成人仪式·伦理·青年教育

成年礼是一种古老的青年教育的方式 ,是人类历史上特有的一种文化现象 ,从成人礼在不同历史阶段所产生的社会功能中 ,我们可以深刻地揭示青年的本质 ,认识青年教育的一些规律 ,探索青年教育的有效方法。成年礼实际上是把青年看做是文化适应的过程和成人社会伦理规范、价值内化的过程 ,是青年从完全依附的角色向社会承认的成人自律过渡的一种形式。     

Friendship,the Family and Liturgy: A Rite for Blessing Friendship in Traditional Christianity

Abstract

In this paper Alan Bray takes us back to the work of John Boswell on the liturgical marking of friendship in the Greek Church during the Middle Ages. He begins by noting the work that has also been undertaken on the equivalent rite in the Latin west. Much of this work, however, leaves open the question of the purpose of the rite and its use within mediaeval society. Alan Bray looks at a number of theories which have been put forward and then suggests that we cannot read back into the historical situation our own contemporary concerns. He ends the paper by proposing that we need to look at the theological context of the rite and by doing this, he shows that a theological reading allows us to work around the ethical issues. Finally, he proposes this theological approach as a way of linking the mediaeval past with the contemporary situation.     

Mourning the Loss of the Idealized Self: A Transsexual Passage

Abstract

The few published psychoanalytic writings that exist regarding transsexual men and women tend to focus on the etiology of their gender identities and almost invariably define these patients as inherently pathological. Such myopic viewpoints leave no room for analysis and discussion of the transsexual patient's normal developmental process. In this paper, I use a Kleinian framework to depathologize the coping strategies employed by transsexual patients and to illustrate the importance of mourning in the development of a positive transsexual identity. A clinician who is able to sit comfortably with contradiction may facilitate the transsexual patient's mourning process—saying goodbye to the persecutory object of the past and letting go of the idealized image of the future.     

The Emergence of Monotheism in Ancient Israel: A Survey of Recent Scholarship

Contemporary biblical scholars envision the emergence of monotheism in ancient Israel to be a later, more gradual phenomenon than heretofore has been assumed. This new view has emerged as a result of recent archaeological discoveries and a reassessment of the testimony of the biblical text. Only a small minority of pre-exilic Israelites were developing monotheistic ideas, and they probably went through several stages of evolution until they became consistent monotheists in the Babylonian Exile. Some critical scholars suspect that this evolution may have been a totally post-exilic phenomenon. This essay attempts to review the positions of various scholars in this debate.     

The Experience of the Passage of Time

This paper explains the phenomena that compose the experience of the passage of time and argues that this experience represents the temporal direction of causal processes. The experience of the passage of time comprises several more specific experiences, namely: (1) the experience of continuously advancing to later times; (2) the observation of continuous change, both in the things around us and in ourselves; (3) the feeling of a lack of control over (1) and (2); and (4) the experience of a number of phenomena that we describe as animated, dynamic, or flowing. The experience of passage is a causal process whose function is to promote survival and reproductive success by representing the temporal direction of causal processes (including itself). It does this primarily via the specious present, wherein later content is presented as more vivid than earlier content. The experience of passage is veridical and is compatible with either the B‐theory or the A‐theoretic views of time.     

The matryoshka: The three-generation soviet family in Israel

Among the 200,000 immigrants who entered Israel in 1990 were a considerable number of families headed by single mothers. Their most prominent feature was the fact that a three-generation system—a single Soviet mother, her own mother, and a single child—formed the family unit. Rooted in changes occurring in the Soviet family life cycle over the past 70 years, this configuration is uniquely self-contained. This article is an early inquiry into a new family structure that will become part of the social fabric of the multi-ethnic society in Israel. The challenge will be to help in the absorption process by recognizing, encouraging, and facilitating the strengths this type of family brings with it and to plan support networks to substitute for those left behind.A previous version of this article was presented at the Third World Family Therapy Congress, June 2–6, 1991, Jyvaskyla, Finland.     

Aging as a Social Form: The Phenomenology of the Passage

If philosophers have discussed life as preparation for death, this seems to make aging coterminous with dying and a melancholy passage that we are condemned to survive. It is important to examine the discourse on aging and end of life and the ways various models either limit possibilities for human agency or suggest means of being innovative in relation to such parameters. I challenge developmental views of aging not by arguing for eternal life, but by using Plato’s conception of form in conjunction with Simmel’s work and Arendt’s meditation on intergenerational solidarity, to evoke a picture of the subject as having capacities that offer avenues for improvisational action. This paper proposes a method for analyzing any social form as a problem-solving situation where the real “problem” is the fundamental ambiguity that inheres in the mix between the finite characteristics of the action and its infinite perplexity. I work through the most conventional chronological view of aging to show how it dramatizes a fundamental ethical collision in life that intensifies anxiety under many conditions, always raising the question of what is to be done with respect to contingency, revealing such “work” as a paradigm of the human condition.     

The Causal Efficiency of the Passage of Time

Does mere passage of time have causal powers? Are properties like ??being n days past?? causally efficient? A pervasive intuition among metaphysicians seems to be that they don??t. Events and/or objects change, and they cause or are caused by other events and/or objects; but one does not see how just the mere passage of time could cause any difference in the world. In this paper, I shall discuss a case where it seems that mere passage of time does have causal powers: Sydney Shoemaker??s (1969) possible world where temporal vacua (allegedly) take place. I shall argue that Shoemaker??s thought-experiment doesn??t really aim at teaching us that there can be time without change, but rather that if such a scenario is plausible at all (as I think it is) it provides us with good reasons to think that mere passage of time can be directly causally efficient.     

Counseling Psychology in Israel: A Virtual Specialty in Transition

Le domaine de la psychologie du counseling ne s'est pas encore imposé en Israël comme une spécialité officiellement reconnue. Comme dans bien d'autres pays, la psychologie clinique représente le substrat des services de counseling, pour ce qui est du prestige et du nombre de praticiens. Cependant, les psychologues du counseling ont joué un rôle important pendant des années en faisant la preuve de leurs compétences aussi bien dans le monde universitaire que dans la vie pratique. L'une des retombées positives en est la promotion de la psychologie du travail où nombre de psychologues du counseling ont trouvé un refuge pendant des années, secteur qu'ils ont enrichi aussi bien théoriquement que pratiquement. La psychologie du counseling est en Israël appréhendée avec le souci de fournir une réponse à la demande particulière de counseling de la population locale et dans le cadre de l'évolution de l'ensemble de la profession de psychologue.
The field of counseling psychology has yet to take hold in Israel as an officially sanctioned specialty. As in many countries, clinical psychology constitutes the primary deliverer of psychological counseling services, both in number and in status. Nonetheless, counseling psychologists have been prominent over the years in applying their professional skills, both in academia and in applied areas. One local benefit is the boost granted to the vocational psychology field where many counseling psychologists have found a haven over the years and have enriched it, both academically and in practice. Counseling psychology in Israel is discussed in the context of providing a response to the unique counseling needs of the local population and within the structural transition of the psychological profession as a whole.     

论荀子“隆礼至法”的礼法观

荀子的人性论是其礼法观的理论基础,其礼法观的主要内容和基本特点就是在强调“礼”在治国安邦中的重要性的同时,也不忽略“法”的作用,即主张礼法并重--“隆礼至法”.荀子的这种礼法并重的礼法观在新的历史条件下对于我们正确处理社会主义现代化建设过程中的若干重要关系,特别是道德建设和法制建设的关系,有着直接的借鉴意义和启发作用.     

A Passage to Canada: The Differential Migrations of South Asian Skilled Workers to Toronto

Each year, Canada attracts thousands of skilled workers from ‘South Asia’; yet, relatively little is known about the complex reasons for and processes of migration of this immigrant cohort. The situation becomes even more acute when research ignores the internal diversities within this complex group and portrays a homogenised picture. Focussing on the experiences of 80 South Asian households who have entered Canada as skilled workers, this paper concludes that migration experiences differ between and within national groups (Indian, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan). Various factors, including pre-migration political, economic and social contexts, transnational ties and social identities and hierarchies play an important role in motivating this highly mobile group and creating specific migration channels. In order to develop a wholistic and nuanced understanding of migration, the study advocates that, conceptually, it is imperative to move away from meta-narratives and models of migration, and methodologically, it is necessary to continue using mixed research methods.     

道教灯仪与易学关系考论

灯仪是道教仪式之中的重要品类。它的形成具有深远的民俗学渊源和思想基础。就理论角度来说,道教之灯仪乃以传统易学为结构框架。本文选择了道教灯仪中的几种要代表性的形式进行考察。作者通过文本的解读与历史追索,认为此类灯仪不仅贯穿着易学的象数法门,而且蕴含着深刻的易学义理观念。     

A Wave of Conversion: Protestantism in Cape Verde

This article focuses on the present wave of Protestantism in Cape Verde. Cape Verde is a former Portuguese colony located off the coast of West Africa. Protestant missions arrived in the early 1980s and within the span of a decade thousands of Cape Verdeans have converted. There is no sign yet of this wave retreating.     

A Wave of Conversion: Protestantism in Cape Verde

This article focuses on the present wave of Protestantism in Cape Verde. Cape Verde is a former Portuguese colony located off the coast of West Africa. Protestant missions arrived in the early 1980s and within the span of a decade thousands of Cape Verdeans have converted. There is no sign yet of this wave retreating.