La Philosophie de la Responsabilite dans l'Horizon du Monde

Sans résumé     

La double dynamique sociale dans le développement cognitif

Dès les débuts de la psychologie sociale et développementale deux mécanismes ont été vus à l'oeuvre dans le développement cognitif: le conflit et l'imitation. Le premier devait rendre compte de l'innovation, le second de l'appropriation de l'héritage culturel. Les recherches actuelles sur le marquage social montrent que celui-ci peut remplir certaines fonctions réservées traditionnellement à l'imitation, mais ce rôle de reproduction peut nécessiter l'intervention du conflit. Une recherche est rapportée qui montre que, pour des enfants d'environ six ans et demi (N=160), l'intervention combinée du marquage social et du conflit socio-cognitif est un facteur important de progrès à une tâche de conservation de quantités.     

La fin de l'homme et le destin de la pensee

Sans résuméCet essai était déjà terminé pour l'essentiel lorsque la nouvelle de la disparition de Michel Foucault nous est parvenue. Que le lecteur veuille bien le considérer comme un modeste hommage à la mémoire du grand philosophe disparu praturément.     

La représentation du but dans le contrôle exécutif chez l’enfant

Implementation of executive control over thought and action can only be guided by the goals that one desires to reach. Over the last decade, research has pointed out the central role of goal representation in executive control both during childhood and adulthood. The present paper reviews these findings, emphasizing the developmental dynamics observed during childhood. More precisely, it addresses the role of active goal maintenance in working memory, as it has been stressed by developmental and neurocognitive theoretical models. Beyond goal maintenance, the question as to how goal representations are formed in working memory has attracted research efforts lately. With age, children successfully process increasingly subtle environmental cues to infer the current task goal and when task goals need to be updated, as evidenced by the effect of cue transparency on switching and inhibition performance. In addition, the paper addresses how goal representation sheds light on the interplay between executive skills and conceptual knowledge, through the presentation of research in such domains as analogical reasoning, categorical flexibility, and class inclusion quantification. Taken together, these lines of research show that executive control development does not rely exclusively on a growing ability to implement appropriate actions, but it also depends largely on increasingly efficient identification of what such actions should be.     

布雷松:"现代哲学思考背景中的整体论哲学"

格拉尼埃的整体论哲学是一种深入分析当代核心问题的哲学,一种涵盖历史、思辨和存在的具有三重性的哲学:首先,它的建立使虚无主义哲学东山再起;其次,他思考并诠释了异常难解的问题(本体论、人类学、形而上学、伦理学、艺术、真理等);最后,他提出了一种针对我们生活的管理方法和一些管理原则。整体论哲学主张创建自己的有别于科学的哲     

Le rôle de la mémoire de travail dans la production écrite de textes

Integration of capacity (Just and Carpenter, 1992) and componentiel (Baddeley, 1986) conceptions of working memory in models of text composition (Hayes, 1996 ; Kellogg, 1996 ; McCutchen, 1996) has allowed studying several facets of the role of working memory in writing acquisition and in expert management of the writing processes. This article presents these two conceptions and examines their respective contribution in the field of writing research from two perspectives: The demands of the writing processes (in terms of processing and transient storage) and the influence of working memory capacity on the control of production. The conclusion underlines the importance of investigating the on-line management of text production, the role of the visuo-spatial sketchpad, and to link strategies for allocating the working memory resources with text quality.     

La théorie de la privation relative et les réactions au handicap: Le rôle des comparaisons intrapersonnelles dans la gestion de l'estime de soi

Relative deprivation (RD) theory usually distinguishes between interpersonal and intergroup comparisons, but neglects intrapersonal comparisons. This research reveals that the comparisons between the actual and the future selves lead to relative gratification (RG) feelings which in turn are related to self‐esteem. A first study (N = 581) confirms that intrapersonal RG positively contributes to self‐esteem. A second study, involving students with a disability (n = 31) and without (n = 50), reveals that if disabled students exhibit a higher level of self‐esteem than nondisabled ones, this preservation is only explained by intrapersonal RG. Finally, intergroup RD and intrapersonal RG are two distinct predictors of militancy in favour of disabled people These results testify to the importance of differentiating comparison levels.     

Le Probleme d'Interpretation dans le Droit

Sans résumé     

La technique et le langage

Sans résumé