The comparability of the JEPI, JEPQ and EPQ among 15- to 16-yr olds

One hundred and ninety-one 15- to 16-yr olds completed the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory (JEPI), the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). In terms of the internal consistency of the test items, and the statistical independence of the scales, the EPQ emerges as the most satisfactory measure of personality dimensions in this age group.     

A comparison of the performance of 10- to 11-yr-old pupils on the JEPI and JEPQ

The Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory (JEPI) and Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ) were administered to 230 children (124 boys and 106 Girls) aged 10–11 yr. Correlation for the two versions of the E and N scales were as high as might be expected given their internal reliabilities. The correlation for girls were, however, significantly higher than those obtained for boys. The two L scales were modeerately correlated by comparison. It is concluded that the JEPQ is likely to yield findings closely comparable to the JEPI.     

The relationship between externality and E,N, P and L: an experiment and review

Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire were given to 241 male 16-yr-olds and 144 skilled and semi-skilled men. As hypothesized, externality was positively associated with the N and P scales, negatively related to L and independent of E.     

Factor structure and psychometric features of the Italian version for the EPQ-R

Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire—Revised were investigated in an Italian sample of 553 subjects (328 females and 225 males). The main psychometric features of the questionnaire are similar to those reported for the original English form. Factor analysis, however, showed six (out of 32) items of the P scale, referring chiefly to compliance to formal rules of conduct, to have their highest loadings on the Lie factor. The consistency of this finding with previous results suggests that, in the Italian context, these items tend to be more closely connected with the social conformity aspect of the Lie scale than with the psychopathy facet of Psychoticism and should be excluded from the scoring of the P dimension.     

EPQ and the psychiatric patients of Bangladesh

The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, standardized in Bangladesh, was administered to a group of 358 psychiatric patients—109 male and 108 female neurotics and 78 male and 63 female psychotics. The neurotic Ss were analysed separately according to sex, and were also divided into groups according to psychiatric nosology. The major findings that clearly emerged from the study of neurotic individuals were that they returned very elevated N scores and depressed E scores as against the norms, while the depressive patients of both sexes gave the lowest E scores. Most of the psychotic Ss of both sexes were diagnosed schizophrenic. The major finding of the investigation of psychotic individuals was that they returned much elevated scores on the psychoticism scale as compared with norms, and they also gave low E and high N scores. It is suggested that the EPQ be used to promote a better understanding and more efficacious therapeutic intervention of the psychiatrically ill person in this culture.     

Religiosity, psychoticism, and schizotypal traits

In the present study we investigated the relationship between scores on the Francis Scale of Attitudes towards Christianity [FSAC (Francis & Stubbs, Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 741–743, 1987)], Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire [EPQ (Eysenck & Eysenck, Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, 1975)], Eckblad and Chapman's Magical Ideation Scale [MgI (Eckblad & Chapman, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 215–225, 1983)], and Claridge's STQ (Claridge & Broks, Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 633–648, 1984). A first Principal Components Analysis with the FSAC and the EPQ confirmed previous work which has shown a negative association between religiosity and psychoticism. A second Principal Components Analysis with all scales yielded a four factor solution:

1. (1) aberrant perceptions and beliefs;

2. (2) social anxiety and suspiciousness;

3. (3) asociality and low religiosity; and

4. (4) social desirability.

Some evidence is also presented for an association between higher religiosity and higher scores on unusual perceptual experiences in men although not in women. Implications for the assessment of religiosity in future research are discussed.     

Deliberate self-harm,clinical history and extreme scoring on the EPQ

Two hundred consecutive admissions to an inpatient psychiatric unit were assessed on the EPQ following recovery from the disturbance for which they were hospitalized. Case-history data was also checked for these patients and extended by using a clinical-history structured interview, also administered within 1 week of discharge. Results showed that for males, high P and high N was associated with a history of deliberate self-harm (DSH) by mutilation. High N was also associated with parental violence. In females, both low E and high N were associated with a history of self-mutilation. High N scores were also more likely to have appeared in court, and high P females were more likely to have a history of bedwetting and of parental violence.None of the associations between extreme scoring on the EPQ and self-mutilation were found for DSH by overdose.     

Religiosity,Delinquency, and the Deterrent Effects of Informal Sanctions

Past research in deterrence theory suggests that informal social sanctions intervene in the effect of religiosity on criminal and delinquent behavior, such that more religious individuals tend to perceive stronger informal sanctions (Grasmick, Bursik and Cochran 1991a Grasmick , Harold G. , Robert J. Bursik Jr. , and John K. Cochran . 1991a. “Render unto Caesar What is Caesar's”: Religiosity and Taxpayers' Inclination to Cheat.” Sociological Quarterly 32(2):251–266.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Grasmick, Kinsey and Cochran 1991b Grasmick , Harold G. , Karyl Kinsey , and John K. Cochran . 1991b . “Denomination, Religiosity and Compliance with the Law: A Study of Adults.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 30 ( 1 ): 99 – 107 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). This study examines the influence of religiosity and social deterrence on college students' delinquent behavior, as measured by anticipated violation of a university's alcohol policy. Data were collected through a survey of undergraduate students (n = 484) at a large South-Midwestern public university that instituted a campus alcohol ban. The survey took place three months after the ban was implemented and asked students about religiosity, perceptions of informal deterrence, and expectations of violating the policy. Results partially support the hypothesis that religiosity predicts conformity primarily through the deterrent threat of informal sanctions. Religiosity increased perceived threats of shame and embarrassment, which in turn reduced the likelihood of anticipated policy violation. When controlling for demographics, college lifestyle, attitudes, and past drinking behavior, shame remained a significant predictor of expected policy violation, but embarrassment did not. Also, contrary to expectations, one measure of fundamentalist religiosity (biblical literalness) retained a direct main effect on intended compliance, even when taking informal sanctions into account. Theoretical, methodological, and policy implications are discussed.     

Religiosity, psychological resources, and physical health

Various explanations have been given for the positive association between religiosity and physical health. Using data from two waves of the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (1995, 2005) and retrospective data on the importance of religion in the home in which respondents were raised we find that psychological resources, operationalized by measures of emotional and psychological well-being, mediate the effect of this early exposure to religion but only on self-rated health and physical symptomatology; chronic illnesses and health limitations on activities of daily living are unaffected.     

Religiosity, Marital Satisfaction and Child Rearing

The following research sought to examine the relationship between an individual’s performance of religious duties and its impact upon his or her level of marital satisfaction and children supervision. Findings in this connection can help strengthen families. Six hundred and sixty heterosexual couples from Tehran were studied using multistage cluster sampling. Information regarding religious duties and marital satisfaction was collected using the researcher’s prepared questionnaire, and ENRICH marital satisfaction scale. The results showed that heterosexual couples who observe religious beliefs and perform religious duties (like participation in religious rituals and ceremonies) have a higher rate of marital satisfaction, and have suitable children supervision. Thus, there is a significant correlation between performing religious duties and marital satisfaction. Considering the relation between performing religious duties and nine subscales of marital satisfaction and children supervision questionnaire, Communication Parenting and Religious Orientation account for the highest rate of performing religious duties, and Sexual Relationship accounts for the lowest rate of performing religious duties. Thus, with the increase in religiosity and performance of religious duties, marital satisfaction rate will increase, and vice versa. However, those who perform religious duties have suitable children supervision, so they have good relationship with their family. It can be concluded that religiosity develops the grounds for marital commitment and child-rearing.     

EPQ correlates of the personality deviance scale

New patients at a psychiatric day hospital were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, including the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and the Personality Deviance Scale of Bedford and Foulds. This paper reports on the resulting correlations between the variables measured by these two inventories. The findings broadly replicate those of Bedford and Foulds with the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Personality Deviance Scale. The Neuroticism scale of the EPQ was found to correlate with all of the PDS scales, and particularly highly with intropunitiveness. As regards the Psychoticism Scale of the EPQ, this was found to correlate highly with extrapunitiveness, but not with intropunitiveness or dominance. It is concluded that there appears to be some relationship between P and this hostility measure of extrapunitiveness, a finding somewhat in contradiction to recent conclusions by Forbes based on his study of a normal sample.     

Faking propensity and faking-related change: A model-based analysis of the EPQ-R scores

Although change scores in a measure administered under neutral and faking-motivating conditions have become a main choice to operationalize faking, there are still some non-resolved issues on the results they provide. The present study uses a two-wave two-group design with a control group to assess three of these issues: (a) the role of individual differences in the amount of faking-induced change, (b) the relation between Impression Management (IM) scores under neutral conditions and change scores, and (c) the convergent validity of change scores as a requisite to view them as measures of an individual-difference variable. A Spanish translation of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised was administered twice to 489 undergraduate students under standard-standard instructions (N = 215) and under standard-faking-good instructions (N = 274). For the P, N, and Lie scales, the results showed that the role of individual differences was very relevant and that the only common variable underlying the scores was a general factor of faking-induced change. However, the IM scores were unable to predict effective change.     

Religiosity, Religious Participation, and Negative Prison Behaviors

An impressive research literature has emerged that identifies linkages between religion and a wide range of attitudes, behaviors, and life events. One of the recurrent themes in this literature is that religion may operate as a force both for reducing antisocial behaviors and for increasing prosocial behaviors. We build upon this research by examining survey data of inmates at a large southeastern prison facility to determine whether religiosity can reduce the odds of frequent inmate arguing and fighting. Overall, our results indicate that religiosity directly reduces the likelihood of arguing and indirectly reduces the likelihood of fighting. We conclude that the efficacy of religiosity and religious programs for individuals in prison rests on whether they can promote basic prosocial behaviors.     

Religiosity,the need for structure,death attitudes,and funeral preferences

Study one (N?=?309) verified the common assumption that religious beliefs provide a sense of structure. Religion and structure indices contributed both shared and unique variance to the prediction of hope, affect, and life satisfaction. In a second study, 368 participants self-reported death attitudes, desire for structure, and answered questions concerning their own death (e.g., disposition of body, style of memorial). Strongly held religious beliefs linked to more positive and less negative attitudes toward death. The need for structure resonated with pain and natural aspects of death. Religious beliefs and structure needs further independently influenced attitudes toward and planning for one's own death.     

Psychometric properties of the Danish 16PF and EPQ

A Danish translation of the Cattell's 16PF has been used in studies evaluating the effects of prenatal drug exposure. This paper reports a psychometric analysis of the 16PF and Eysenck's EPQ based on a sample of 558 young Danes. Many 16PF scales had unacceptable psychometric properties (as indicated by coefficient alpha and item–total score correlations), but more satisfactory results were obtained with the EPQ N and E scales. A factor analysis of all 16PF and EPQ scales suggested a six factor solution that roughly corresponds to the second-order factor structure obtained by Krug and Johns (1986). It is concluded that the second-order factor structure should be the basis of interpretation of the 16PF in both practical and research contexts.