The Rhetorical Impulse in Husserl's Phenomenology

Continental Philosophy Review -     

Intentionality: A Fundamental Idea of Husserl's Phenomenology

Simone de Beauvoir has written of the sense of excitement that marked Jean-Paul Sartre's first encounter with the thought of Husserl and Heidegger. Perhaps no work of Sartre's communicates this excitement, and the reason for it, quite so transparently as his brief 1939 essay on Husserl's notion of intentionality. Husserl here appears as a revolutionary, almost as a saviour, who has provided the necessary key for putting philosophy back in touch with the ordinary experience which both French realism and French idealism had vainly sought to characterize. Realism and idealism alike had been guilty in effect of a reduplication of things in consciousness, dependence on an often unexpressed correspondence theory which made mental surrogates for the real the only reality available to man. But if the present essay testifies to Sartre's attempt to return French thought to immediate contact with things, it enters into a fascinating dialectical tension with another of Sartre's chief motives—to purify immediate experience of its deceptions through a highly reflective, analytic mediation. The essay first appeared in Nouvelle Revue Francaise, LII, January 1939. (Tr.)     

另类胡塞尔——胡塞尔现象学的"标准化"和"非标准化"的解读 (续)

9．问题三,胡塞尔悬置了标讣陛（indication）——如今我们称它为标示性（indexicality）。这是胡塞尔把符号的表达性维度分离出来,并且赋予优先地位,强化意义与指称之间的对立、甚至意识与世界之间的对立的必要步骤。既然表述行为这种现象为《逻辑研究》提供了可以通达主体性的本性的地点,胡塞尔就必然被导向关于思想（mind）的再当下化理论。在这种理论中,任何对世界的实际的因果关联的思考,     

胡塞尔现象学中的“意向性”的三层可能的解释

意向性是胡塞尔现象学中的重要概念,而且主要是被作为意识的一个特点来加以阐发的.但是胡塞尔本人对意识的意向性的说明并不很清楚.从胡塞尔的说明中我们至少可以引申出对意识的意向性的三层可能的解释.     

另类胡塞尔——胡塞尔现象学的"标准化"和"非标准化"的解读

欧美学界一般认为,胡塞尔本人出版的著作代表了他的现象学思想。这种看法几乎成了解读胡塞尔现象学的标准。但是胡塞尔本人却一直把他的研究手稿看作其思想的主要代表。随着胡塞尔手稿在《胡塞尔全集》（Husserliana）中的陆续发表,欧美一批学者开始努力通过他们对手稿的批判性研究扭转这一局面。本文就是对“胡塞尔标准解读”的分析批评和对这一正在进行中的“非标准的”胡塞尔解读的阶段性总结。     

Phenomenology and its Futures

Born in 1900–1901 with the publication of Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations, phenomenology, as a critical method of reflection on consciousness and its cognitive achievements against its naturalisation in the natural sciences, has undergone many changes and developments. Critiques of both its methods and tasks have emerged, plus it has served as an inspiration for numerous thinkers, including Max Scheler, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Gabriel Marcel, Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Luc Nancy, Michel Henry, Emmanuel Levinas, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricoeur and Jacques Derrida, in their attempts to address the question of value, the meaning of being, existence, the lived body, the Other, life, art, history and language in original and fresh ways. The current paper reflects upon the question of what the fate of phenomenology in the twenty-first century could be by consider- ing some of the recent work presented at the first conference of the South African Centre for Phenomenology held at the University of Johannesburg earlier this year.     

Phenomenology and its application in medicine

Phenomenology is a useful methodology for describing and ordering experience. As such, phenomenology can be specifically applied to the first person experience of illness in order to illuminate this experience and enable health care providers to enhance their understanding of it. However, this approach has been underutilized in the philosophy of medicine as well as in medical training and practice. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of phenomenology to clinical medicine. In order to describe the experience of illness, we need a phenomenological approach that gives the body a central role and acknowledges the primacy of perception. I present such a phenomenological method and show how it could usefully illuminate the experience of illness through a set of concepts taken from Merleau-Ponty. His distinction between the biological body and the body as lived, analysis of the habitual body, and the notions of motor intentionality and intentional arc are used to capture the experience of illness. I then discuss the applications this approach could have in medicine. These include narrowing the gap between objective assessments of well-being in illness and subjective experiences which are varied and diverse; developing a more attuned dialogue between physicians and patients based on a thick understanding of illness; developing research methods that are informed by phenomenology and thus go beyond existing qualitative methods; and providing medical staff with a concrete understanding of the impact of illness on the life-world of patients.     

理念、意义和科学真理--对科学理论构成问题的胡塞尔现象学研究

现代经验论在进行语言的逻辑分析时,遇到的最大困难就是科学理论的意义问题和理论对象的本体论问题。按照科学哲学的提问方式,问题就为:科学理论如何获得意义?科学理论具有什么样的本体论地位?科学理论具有真理性吗?本文尝试以胡塞尔现象学的思路和方法,来探索科学理论的意义问题、本体论问题和真理性问题。按照现象学的提问方式,问题则变为,科学的超越世界如何奠基于生活世界?作为一种自由的意向构成物的科学的理念体系,如何能揭示生活世界的普遍本质结构?科学的抽象理念体系是否具有彻底的直观明见性?为了回答这些问题,我们要转向“科学理…     

Jung's Erotic Phenomenology: I. A New Translation

In the introduction to The Psychology of the Transference (1946), Carl Jung sketched out a theory of “erotic phenomenology” which condenses his teaching about sexuality and romantic love into a very concise summary. But the meaning of this passage is obscured in the English translation given in the Collected Works of C. G. Jung. I propose here a new translation which makes Jung’s meaning clearer, along with a commentary which explains it in the context of Freudian drive theory and German 19^th century philosophy. Invoking the concepts of instinct, mind, and Eros (both the passion and the divine figure), Jung’s theory says that male sexual desire can be cultivated or repressed in four distinct ways, each associated with a female symbolic figure or anima image: Eve, Helen, Mary and Sophia.     

现象学和宗教现象学:对一种宗教学方法的思考

本文拟通过对哲学意义上的现象学和宗教现象学核心概念的整理,考查二者之间的联系与区别,并试图从哲学现象学的角度反观宗教现象学,重新思考宗教现象学的可能性及宗教研究的方法问题。