《左传》占例破译

古笈中,《周易》预测事例的记载不少,多不为人们所相信。《左传》《国语》中的筮例,多为研《易》者所趣读。其中有能够理解的,也有不能理解的。如《左传》《国语》中的“之八”、“皆八”就很难理解。前人尽管有其解说,总觉不通。又如《左传》成公十六年筮得《复》卦无动爻,即:     

《左传》、《国语》易例于《周易》之文本意义

《左传》、《国语》所载之易例,向为历代易家所重视。其间在“卜史”名义之下,掌易者实际身份之差异及《易》之实际应用方式之差异之于考察春秋时代或谓《左传》、《国语》时代《周易》文本之传播、接受及其形成情况皆负重要意义。 ．     

以象解筮的探索——论尚秉和先生对《左传》《国语》筮例的阐解

《左传》《国语》中的筮例,是对《易》学研究极具价值的材料,历代学者对此进行过许多研究考辨、阐释解说。近代《易》学大师尚秉和先生既以《左传》《国语》筮例作为创立“尚氏学”的最重要的佐证材料之一,又将“以象解《易》”的方法用以阐解《左传》《国语》的筮例,颇具特色。本文考察了尚先生以象解筮的具体内容,辨析了“尚氏说”的自洽性,并就“尚氏说”中“观象”与“用象”、“易理”与“义理”等问题进行追问与思考。     

《左传》《国语》涉“八”筮例考

《左传》《国语》涉"八"筮例有三,前人论说甚多,然皆不能贯综其理。今详考旧说凡十余种,谨述诸家得失。至若本文所作新解,则假借出土材料而试为之也。持论以为,《春秋》内外传所见涉"八"筮例,筮法别于《周易》,解法不从变卦中求,盖自静卦卦旨、卦爻关系及筮数吉凶而作占断也。其中《国语》"贞屯悔豫皆八"一例系四位卦占,战国楚地《筮法》一系筮术,可溯诸此。本文推断东周时有静卦、动卦二大占筮法。《周易》用动卦占;而《左传》《国语》涉"八"筮例及出土楚地筮例用静卦占,疑与《连山》《归藏》筮法有关。     

《左传》《国语》中卜例(之一)

如同古今研《易》者都要醉心于《左传》、《国语》中的筮例一样,要探讨古代龟卜尤其是春秋时期的龟卜,比较卜与筮的发展状况,自然不可忽视《左传》、《国语》中所记载的卜例。为全面了解春秋时期龟卜发展概况,方便广大读者查阅资料,我们将《左传》、《国语》中的卜例全部摘录下来。以《左传》记载时间前后为序,分条述     

《国语·晋语四》"贞屯悔豫皆八"为宜变之爻与不变之爻皆半说

本文以《国语.晋语四》"贞屯悔豫皆八"的释义为主要讨论对象,重新检讨了前人对此的种种解释,如认为此占所用的方法为传说中的《连山》与《归藏》,以"八"为本卦不变之爻的营数,以"八"为本之二卦阴爻的营数等。通过对大量新材料的考索,运用文字学研究的新成果,笔者得出结论:基于《左传》、《国语》中所用的《易》占皆不出《周易》系统,因而理解本则材料也应放在《周易》的占筮方法中考察;从之卦豫卦反观本卦屯卦,"贞屯悔豫皆八"其实是指本卦屯卦宜变之爻与不变之爻各三爻,"皆八"就是皆半。"八"与"半"通作,在后世几已绝迹,但在先秦文献和器铭中却并不鲜见。论文还附带讨论了《国语》"泰之八"与《左传》"艮之八(艮之随)",指出二者不宜与"贞屯悔豫皆八"混为一谈。     

《国语》名称演变探源

《国语》本为先秦时期“事语”类文献的汇编,自西汉末刘歆始视其为《春秋》之“外传”,后人又多因之,称其为《春秋外传国语》、《春秋外传》、《春秋国语》,亦有简称《外传》,或直呼为《春秋》者。目录分类上《国语》亦多入经部“春秋类”当中,直至《四库全书》方黜《国语》出经部,而入于史部“杂史类”。本文搜集诸史材料,引述前贤之论,对《国语》名称之来源、演变及其缘由略作浅析。     

《尚书》、《左传》、《国语》的心理学思想研究

《尚书》、《左传》、《国语》是我国最古老的三部文献。我国古代的心理学思想有不少都可以在其中找到源头。本文主要讨论：《尚书》的五行观念、人贵论和人性论思想、认知心理思想、个性心理思想、心理测验思想;《左传》的情感心理思想、病理心理思想、文艺心理思想;《国语》的缺陷心理思想。     

上博简《曹沫之阵》研究

上博简《曹沫之阵》与《左传》、《国语》中的原始材料一样,应该是战国时期流传到楚地的“教材类短文”。《曹沫之阵》强调“是故夫陈(阵)者,为三教之末”,与儒家重视教化在治国中作用相契合。结合战国时期儒学南传,对《曹沫之阵》可能为儒家文献的认识更加清晰,从中可以管窥早期儒学对楚政治、文化的影响。     

姜太公“圣”名之辩的历史文化蕴涵

姜太公“圣”名之辩的历史文化蕴涵陈青荣一在现代人的观念中，圣人是指那些德智超群、出类拔萃者，他们都是历史上一些高不可攀的超凡人物．实际上，据学者考证金文、《尚书》、《诗经》、《左传》、《国语》中的＂圣＂字，皆是普通的称美之词，毫无神秘意义．顾颉刚先生...     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

The "Natural" and the "Formal"

The paper presents an argument against a metaphysical conception of logic according to which logic spells out a specific kind of mathematical structure that is somehow inherently related to our factual reasoning. In contrast, it is argued that it is always an empirical question as to whether a given mathematical structure really does captures a principle of reasoning. (More generally, it is argued that it is not meaningful to replace an empirical investigation of a thing by an investigation of its a priori analyzable structure without paying due attention to the question of whether it really is the structure of the thing in question.) It is proposed to elucidate the situation by distinguishing two essentially different realms with which our reason must deal: the realm of the natural, constituted by the things of our empirical world, and the realm of the formal, constituted by the structures that we use as prisms to view, to make sense of, and to reconstruct the world. It is suggested that this vantage point may throw light on many foundational problems of logic.